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The Empowerment of Integrated Development Post of Non-Communicable Diseases in Efforts to Prevent and Control Non- Communicable Diseases

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4799
Yandrizal Yandrizal , Rizanda Machmud , Melinda Noer , Hardisman Hardisman , Afrizal Afrizal , Nur Indrawati Lipoeto , Ekowati Rahajeng , P.A Kodrat Pramudho
Non-Communicable disease has already been the main cause of death in many countries, as many as 57 million death in the world in 2008, 36 million (63 percent) is because of un-infectious disease, specifically heart illness, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases. Prevention and controlling efforts of un-infectious diseases developing in Indonesia is non-communicable disease integrated development post (Pospindu PTM). This research used combination method approach with exploratory design. Exploratory design with sequential procedure used combination consecutively, the first is qualitative and the second is quantitative method. Public Health Center formed Posbindu PTM has not disseminate yet to all stakeholders. Posbindu PTM members felt benefit by following this activity. Some of them did not know follow the activity because of unknown about it. There was  connection between coming behavior to Posbindu PTM to preventing behavior of non-communicable disease.Percentage for high blood pressure risk indicated 20-25 percent from all visitors. Formulation of its policy implementation started with stakeholder analysis; head of sub district, head of urban village, head of health department in regency/city, head of public health service, head of neighborhood Association, and the head of family welfare development.  Analysis of perception, power and authority found that every stakeholder had authority to manage the member directly or indirectly. It was not implemented because of the lack knowledge of stakeholders about the Posbindu PTM function.They would play a role after knowing the aim and advantage of the post by motivate the people to do early detection, prevention and control the non-communicable disease. The members were given wide knowledge about  early detection, preventing  and control the un-infectious disease, measuring and checking up their healthy continuously so that keep feeling the advantage of coming to the post.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 294-305
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Nosocomial Infection Prevention through Universal Precaution in Yogyakarta Muhammadiyah Hospital

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4790
Triani Marwati , Siti Kurnia Widi Hastuti , Lina Handayani , Solikhah Solikhah , Lafi Munira
Prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals can be done through the implementation of universal precaution program or action asepsis and antisepsis tapping. These actions undertaken by health workers, both nurses and physicians, universal precaution measures include: hand washing, use of gloves, use aseptic liquid, processing of used equipment and waste disposal. The purpose of this study to determine the prevention of nosocomial infections in hospitals through universal precautions in hospitals Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta area. Design of this research is descriptive qualitative case study approach. Collecting data used techniques focus group discussions. Data analyzed using content analysis. The application of universal precautions in hospitals throughout Yogyakarta PKU show that health workers have attempted to implement universal precautions including hand washing action on the water flow, perform hand hygiene, and always tries to wear personal protective equipment. Nurses knowledge about nosocomial infections has been well and for prevention need to implement universal precautions. The attitude of nurses in implementing universal precautions have been good, to the extent responsible. Most hospitals have had the availability of facilities and support the implementation of universal precaution well, and partly still exist limitations in the availability of facilities and support the implementation of universal precaution.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 233-239
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Modifiable Risk Factor of Coronary Heart Disease Incident on Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4804
Masrizal Dt Mangguang , Sri Hardian
The aim of this research is to determine the risk factors related to coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 diabetes mellitus patient at Dr. M. Djamil Padang Hospital. This was an analytic research with case control study design around October 2014 until May 2015. Samples consisted of 39 cases and 39 controls with matching age and sex. The data were analyzed by using univariate, bivariate by using McNemar test, multivariate by using regression logistic test and stratification. The result showed that hypertension p=0.002 (OR=5, 95%CI 1.09-22.82), obesity p= 0.0001 (OR=6, 95%CI 2.08-17.29), duration of DM p= 0.01 (OR=3.2, 95% CI 1.17-8.73) and smooking  p= 0.002 (OR=7, 95%CI 1.59-30.80) were associated with coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient. The most dominant risk factor that was associated with coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient at Dr. M. Djamil Hospital was obesity p= 0.0001 (OR=10.2, 95% CI 3.08-33.81). Hypertension OR=11.25, duration of DM OR=18, smooking OR=16.2, sport activity OR=18.6 and income level OR=15.7 had interaction of the association between obesity and coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient. Hypertension, obesity, duration of DM and smooking were risk factors that associated to coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient. Then, the most dominant risk factor that associated to coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient at Dr. M. Djamil Padang was obesity. Hypertension, duration of DM, smooking, sporct activity and income level had interaction of the association between obesity and coronary heart disease incidence in type 2 DM patient.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 341-346
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Climate Change and Health Teenager’s Perceptions as a Basis for Interventions

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4795
Sulistyawati Sulistyawati , Izzatun Nisa
Climate change is becoming a major issue around the globe with increasing impact on human health. Strategies aiming to address these climate change impacts are thus a necessity. Involving teenagers as agents of change is one way to promote necessary changes in attitudes and behaviors, in the community and our future society. This paper explores climate change perceptions among teenagers in order to formulate strategies that include them as agents in climate change adaptation addressing health. We did quick survey in 95 students, which are categorized as teenagers from a senior high school in Gunungkidul, Indonesia randomly enrolled as respondents in this research, but 15 of them dropped out due to the incompleteness of answer. A structured questionnaire was used to measure the teenagers’ perceptions about climate change and health. Based on this research respondents have had an intermediate understanding of the impact of climate change on human health. There were 65% of respondents stated that they felt the impact of climate change this time. However, the level of understanding varies with respect to disease. So that, it is highly recommended to improve the knowledge of teenagers about climate change and its consequences on human health by use mass media (TV, Radio and the internet) as media channels for interventions targeting teenagers.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 267-273
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Analysis of Cooperation and Motivation Nurse in Implentation Nursing of Family

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4805
Siti Nur Kholifah , Nursalam Nursalam , Meriyana Meriyana , Ahsan Ahsan , Minarti Minarti , Dwi Ananto Wibrata , Noer Saudah
Cooperation of nurses needed in helping to resolve the client's problem. Cooperation was an important element in developing quality of human resources and improving performance. The general objective of this study was to identify cooperation-relation nurse with motivation in implementing the family nursing care at Surabaya city. The research method was analytical observational with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was 175 nurses at local government clinic at Surabaya city. The sample size of this study was 122 gained by probability sampling. The research variables include the cooperation of nurses and motivation in implementing family nursing care. Instrument used questionnaire. Bivariate analysis of the data was done by Spearman correlation test. Limit the test of significance is 0.05. The test resulted that there was a relationship of cooperation with the motivation of nurses in implementing family nursing care (p = 0.03). Nurses should develop cooperative relationships in order to increase their motivation to carry out the nursing care of the family.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 335-340
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Ethnicity, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes of Adults in Urban Populations of Central America

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4796
William G Wuenstel , James A. Johnson , James Humphries , Cheryl Samuel
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to examine the impact of ethnicity and obesity as it relates to Type-2 Diabetes (T2D) in specific Central American countries. A meta-analysis was conducted to determine the association of ethnicity, obesity, and T2D.  Four studies that qualified for inclusion were identified by searching MEDLINE and PubMed databases. The studies on the association of ethnicity and T2D had a combined population resulted in 265,858 study participants. Two studies on the association of obesity and T2D had 197,899 participants. An analysis of the data was conducted utilizing the relative risk ration, odds ratio, and forest plots. The comparison of the relative risk of T2D across ethnic categories by studies range for Blacks was 1.59 to 2.74, Asians was 1.43 to 2.08, and Hispanics .92 to 2.91.  The ethnic difference in the prevalence of diabetes was almost two-fold higher in all ethnic groups than among the Caucasians with a significance level of 95%. A comparison of relative risk of T2D across weight categories was significantly higher among those with a diagnosed of diabetes in all reported areas. The odds ratio was very close to the risk ratio in both ethnicity and obesity to the development of T2D. The meta-analysis findings documented that an association does exist between ethnicity and obesity to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 274-279
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Awareness of Breast Cancer and its Early Detection Measures among Female Students, Northern Ethiopia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4787
Tesfay Hailu , Hailemariam Berhe , Desta Hailu
Globally breast cancer is the most common of all cancers. Since risk reduction strategies cannot eliminate the majority of breast cancers, early detection remains the cornerstone of breast cancer control. This paper, therefore, attempts to assess the awareness of breast cancer and its early detection measures among female students in Mekelle University, Ethiopia. An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted on randomly selected female students. Multistage sampling technique was employed to select the participants. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 16. In this study, 760 students participated making a response rate of 96 percent. Respondents with good knowledge score for risk factors, early detections measures and warning signs of breast cancer were 1.4 percent, 3.6 percent and 22.1 percent respectively. The majority 477 (62.8 percent) of participants practiced self-breast examination. In conclusion the participants had poor knowledge of risk factors, early detection measures and early warning signs of breast cancer.Therefore, the Ministry of health of Ethiopia together with its stalk holders should strengthen providing IEC targeting women to increase their awareness about breast cancer and its early detection measure.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 213-221
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Inter-cell Interference Mitigation through Flexible Resource Reuse, LP-OFDM and Coordination techniques for LTE Advanced in Dense Urban Area

10.11591/ijeecs.v3.i3.pp527-533
Balboul Younes , Najiba El Amrani El Idrissi
The inter-cell interference problem is a key issue in LTE Advanced system especially in dense urban environments. This paper present a new inter-cell interference reduction technique for LTE Advanced downlink system in dense urban area based on a new coordination algorithm with the use of linear precoding OFDM, coordination between cells and power management techniques. The objective of our new technique is to improve cell edge and centre capacity in LTE Advanced downlink system. For this purpose, we prove with real time simulations using Matlab that the S.F.R and P.F.R scheme with our algorithm is a good candidate to enhance the average cell capacity and edge user experience, without sacrificing the average cell throughput.
Volume: 3
Issue: 3
Page: 527-533
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Unmet Need and its Reasons for Nonuse Contraceptive in East Java Province

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4801
Diyah Herowati , Dwi Listyawardani , Titut Yuli Prihyugiarto
The primary aim of family planning program is to enable women to fulfill their own needs and desires toward childbearing whether they want to space or limit their birth. However, issues of unmet need in Indonesia, particularly in East Java Province become the urgent problem to be address recently. Based on the data set of the 2014 Mini Survey of Eligible couple in Indonesia, this study attempted to identify the demographic characteristic of women aged 15 – 49 with unmet need, to describe their experienced used contraceptive and to find out reasons for nonuse of contraceptive. This study found that women with unmet need are more likely to be higher among older women, have lower and higher level of education, living in urban areas, and have more number of living children. Most of respondents stated that they had experienced to use contraception before with injectable, IUDs and pill. Other results show a significant number of women mentioned method-related reasons (fear of side effects, health concerns, and inconvenient to use) as most often cited reasons for nonuse. Some important policy implications offered from this study in order to eradicate barriers to the use of contraceptive methods are to improve follow-up, strengthen counselling approaches to address fear of side effects, promote information, education and communication (IEC) on reproductive health and provide availability of the most suitable method according to the need, such as to avoid health problems of women.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 313-319
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Solid Waste Management in Jogja Hospital

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4792
Muchsin Maulana , Hari Kusnanto , Agus Suwarni
There are some groups who may get the risks of hospital waste disposal. The first group is the patients who come to hospital to get cure and care. It is the most vulnerable group. The second is hospital’s employees who have direct contact with the patients as main illness’s agents on doing their daily duties. The third group is the visitor or those who accompany the patients; their risk is big as well. The last group is the society, people who live near the hospital, even when the waste siposal is done inappropriately. It causes the decrease of environmental quality which leads to the decline of health quality in the area. Hence, hospital has a responsibility to manage the disposal process of waste correctly and appropriately by conducting sanitation programs in hospital. Jogja Hospital is a Government-owned Hospital run by the Government of city of Jogyakarta. In its daily activities, the hospital produces waste which, if not properly discharged or burned, may cause adverse effect on workers as well as the surrounding area. Jogja hospital has Incinerator, thus simplifying the management such waste. The waste management including the rules, procedures and policymaking need to be explored to investigate the process of waste management of Jogja hospital.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 247-251
Publish at: 2016-09-01

The Formulation of High-Calorie and Rich-Fe Biscuits for Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Malnutrition

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4806
Sunarti Sunarti , Diffah Hanim , Mustofa Ahda , Ahid Mudayana , Kusnandar Kusnandar
Supplementary food distribution for pregnant women still depends on the local policy. This program is funded using Health Operational Funds and distributed in form of milk, eggs, raw materials such as green beans and others. The field constraints of this program were acceptability and willingness of pregnant women to process the raw materials. This study aims to address the problems of providing supplementary food for pregnant women who suffer from chronic energy malnutrition and anemia by making the formulation of high protein biscuits and Fe using soybean flour substitution catfish eggs and flour as a source of protein and Fe.  Biscuits produced is expected to be one of the snacks and nutritions for women who suffer from chronic energy deficeincy. The ingredients were flour, fish powder, soy flour, eggs,  milk powder, sugar, and maize flour. The method used was pure experimental approach completely randomized design with three times repetition. The formulation of the biscuits proportion between fish and soy flour as much as 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. Proximate test shows that the proportion of fish and soy flour 1:2 has the highest energy value (496.81 kcal) with a value of 17.74% protein. Organoleptic test indicates that the most favorable taste and tekstur was the formulation with the proportion of fish flour and soy flour 1:2. The formulation of high protein and Fe biscuits for women with chronic energy malnutrition and anemia in Boyolali favoured by third trisemester pregnant women is the one with the proportion of 1:2.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 329-334
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Indicators of Organizational Support in Implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4797
Heru Santoso Wahito Nugroho , Stefanus Supriyanto , Hari Basuki Notobroto
Nowadays, the implementation of health informtion system in Indonesia still encounters a number of obstacles e.g. redundant data, activities duplication, data quality, data not in harmony with the necessities, report not submitted on time, unoptimized feedback, low information utilization, and inefficient resources. This research aimed to analyze the indicators of organizational support which were suspected as one of the obstacles of the implementation of Maternal and Child Health Information System in Health Office of Ngawi Regency. The population of this cross sectional research was all village midwives administratively in duty in the areas of Ngawi Regency in 2015. Data was taken from all member of populaton through questionnaire filling, which was then analyzed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The result of data analysis suggested that the coefficient value that has been standardized from each indicators were as follows: supervisor support = 0.82, work condition = 0.80, and reard = 0.90. Indicators of organizational supportin implementing Maternal and Child Health Information System at Ngawi Regency Health Office, respectively from the most important are: reward, supervisor support, and work condition.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 280-283
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Obesity Prevalence and Dietary Intake of Antioxidants in Native American Adolescents

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4788
Maria Cristina Perez , Benjamin D. Knisley , Grace E. Crosby , Shasha Zheng , M. Margaret Barth
Antioxidants are well known for possessing anti-inflammatory properties, which can reduce the risk of chronic disease and obesity. However, very little research has been done to examine antioxidant intake among adolescent minority populations such as Native American adolescents. Our study examined the significance of antioxidant intake among Native American adolescents at an urban residential high school in Southern California. Our study population consisted of 183 male and female Native American adolescents, 14-18 years of age, representing 43 tribes from across the United States. Students’ primary source of meals was provided by the school food service. Based on the BMI calculations, the rate of obesity within our population was 38% for males and 40% for females, more than two-fold the national rate indicated by NHANESIII data. We used the Harvard School of Public Health Youth/Adolescent Questionnaire (HSPH YAQ), a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, to examine antioxidant nutrient intake and evaluate the differences in the intake between normal and obese weight students. Statistical analysis of the results showed that intakes of vitamins C, E, and lycopene were the antioxidant nutrients found to be significantly different between normal and obese weight students and intakes of these nutrients were found to be higher among normal weight students (p-values = 0.02451, 0.00847, and 0.04928, respectively). These results suggest that dietary intake of antioxidants could be increased among Native American adolescents. Further research is needed to confirm our findings and identify effective ways for school food service to incorporate antioxidant rich foods into school menus.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 222-227
Publish at: 2016-09-01

Personal Hygiene and Worm Eggs at Pupils Nail in Kupang City, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4802
Enni Rosida Sinaga , Erika Maria Resi , Wanti Wanti
Worm disease does not cause death but can affect digestion, absorption and metabolism of food. Helminthiasis figure in Kupang City in particular were not recorded properly, but when viewed from its risk factor then it was endemic because of sanitary conditions, personal hygiene, behavior, and the provision of clean water is still low. This study aim to identify the presence of worm’s eggs in the pupils nail and the correlation with clean and healthy living behavior of pupils. This analytic observational study used cross sectional design. The samples were primary school students as many as 50 people that were taken by random sampling. Data collection was through interviews and laboratory tests on stool samples and analyzed by using chi-square. Results found as many as 13 pupils (26%) were infested by worm eggsof Ascaris lumbricoides at their nail. There were no relation between the presence of worm eggs at pupils nail with gender (p=0.303), age (p=0.747), grade (p=0.643) and playing habits (p=1.000), but there is an association between the presence of worm eggs at elementary pupils nails with the latrine use (p=0.049) and personal hygiene (p=0.039). So that PHC expected to cooperate with the department of education improve the promotion and provision of facilities to support a clean and healthy behaviors for elementary school students.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 320-324
Publish at: 2016-09-01

The Use of Antihypertensive and Antiplatelet Drugs on Hospital Stroke Patients

10.11591/ijphs.v5i3.4793
Anggy Rima Putri , Akrom Abdullah , Budiyono Budiyono
Medicine is one of the most important part of the healing process, the restoration of health and prevention of disease. This study aims to describe the use of drugs, particularly antihypertensive and antiplatelet drugs in stroke patients hospitalized in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Bantul during December 2014-April 2015. This research is observational descriptive study. Data collection was done prospectively with a survey of stroke patients in inpatient Al-Insan and al-A'raaf wards in PKU Muhammadiyah Hospital Bantul during the specified period. During the study there were 61 stroke patients sampled in the study, of which 41 (67.2%) were geriatrics and 20 (32.8%) were not geriatrc. From the data, 28 (45.9%) patients did not receive antihypertensive drugs, only 33 (54,1%) patients received antihypertensive drug.The antihypertensive drugs type were given to patients were ACEI 9 (14.8%) and CCB 6 (9.8%), as well as combinations ACEI and CCB 7 (11.5%). Most patients did not receive antiplatelet 43 (70.5%), whereas patients receiving antiplatelet drugs most was the kind of aspirin 17 (27.9%). From the above data it can be concluded that the use of antihypertensive drugs in stroke patients in the inpatient ward in PKU Muhamaddiyah Hospital Bantul quite frequently used, while the use of antiplatelet drugs in these cases rarely used.
Volume: 5
Issue: 3
Page: 252-256
Publish at: 2016-09-01
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