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31,456 Article Results

Enhancing evaluation practices for Islamic inheritance calculation systems: toward a standardized benchmark

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1549-1566
Ghader Reda Kurdi , Hala Mohammad Justanieah
Accurate estate distribution is a critical aspect in Islamic law, governed by complex rules that require precise inheritance calculations. Although numerous computerized inheritance calculation systems have been developed, their reliability remains questionable due to inadequate evaluation and unclear criteria for test case selection. This study addresses this gap by introducing a structured evaluation methodology to rigorously assess the functionalities of inheritance calculation systems. A new benchmark comprising 50 test cases was developed by reviewing the functionality of existing systems, collecting prior test cases and identifying coverage gaps through a detailed gap analysis. These benchmark cases were then used to assess the performance of leading online inheritance calculators, comparing their results to expert-validated solutions. Results revealed a significant drop in performance for calculators previously reported to achieve near-perfect accuracy, with scores declining to 68% and 58% compared to earlier reports of 100% and 90%. This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed test cases in exposing limitations within current systems. In contrast, the Almwareeth calculator, which had not been previously evaluated, demonstrated the highest accuracy (86%) and was able to handle a wider range of cases. This study lays a critical foundation for advancing the evaluation standards of Islamic inheritance calculation systems, thereby enhancing their reliability in real-world applications.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1549-1566
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Development of research competences in undergraduate students

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.33724
Carmen Lily Winchez Aylas , Patricia Bejarano Alvarez
This study addresses the limited involvement of university students in research activities, which reflects a significant gap in the development of key research competencies for their academic and professional advancement. Lack of involvement restricts essential skills such as problem formulation, rigorous data analysis and communication of findings, preventing students from generating relevant knowledge and meeting the challenges of their future careers. Through a systematic review of the literature on the development of research competencies in undergraduate students, using reliable sources such as Scielo, Dialnet and other academic journals, this study identified effective methodologies to foster such competencies. Rigorous exclusion criteria were applied to ensure the relevance and timeliness of the selected studies. In conclusion, educational strategies such as flipped learning and research workshops were found to have a positive impact on the development of research competences, enhancing both technical and transversal skills, such as innovation and critical thinking. These methodologies prepare students for academic and professional challenges and foster a research culture in educational institutions. This article explicitly identifies and synthesizes innovative educational strategies (flipped learning, Lean startup, and research workshops) that have a proven impact on strengthening both technical and transversal research competences in undergraduates in Latin America. This systematic approach and regional focus are not found in prior reviews.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4928-4936
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing character strengths and resilience in primary education: an online Quranic stories-based program

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34091
Samir Ahmed Zekary , Gomaa Zakaria Saleh , Ashraf Ragab Ibrahim , Elsayed Atef El-Hashimi , Mustafa Mohamed Yussuf , Mohamed Ali Nemt-allah
This study investigated the effectiveness of an online Quranic stories-based program in enhancing character strengths and resilience among primary school students. Using a randomized controlled design, 64 students (aged 11-13 years) from Housh Eissa School in Egypt were assigned to experimental (n=33) and control (n=31) groups. The intervention involved ten online sessions on five major Quranic civilizations, measuring character strengths and resilience using the validated 23-item character strengths test and ego-resiliency scale. Data were collected at three time points: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and two-month follow-up. The results demonstrated significant improvements in the experimental group across all 23-character strength dimensions (p<.01, partial η² ranging from .116 to .529) and resilience (F=34.245, partial η²=.529). Notable enhancements were observed in judgment (F=11.775, partial η²=.279), self-control (F=10.269, partial η²=.252), and beauty appreciation (F=10.824, partial η²=.262). These improvements were maintained during the follow-up period, with the experimental group consistently outperforming the control group. The study suggests that online Quranic stories-based interventions can effectively enhance character strengths and resilience in primary school students, demonstrating a promising approach for character education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4992-5002
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Unveiling the emotional labor of overseas Filipino international teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34579
Leomar O. Baylosis , Ivy F. Amante , Rovy M. Banguis , Aldin Paul S. Genovia , Shem A. Cedeño
Emotional labor at work typically manifests through surface acting and deep acting. This phenomenological study examines the emotional labor experienced by 15 international Filipino teachers working in the United States, Saudi Arabia, and Thailand. Guided by self-determination theory (SDT), the research explores their reasons for teaching abroad, as well as the challenges they face and how they navigate them emotionally. A qualitative design was employed using semi-structured interviews and framed narratives. Each participant engaged in one individual interview and one focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to generate key themes. Findings show that deep acting involves emotional control, display of positive emotions, emotional exhaustion, experience of negative emotions, and emotional indifference toward self. In contrast, surface acting includes masking emotions, projecting artificial feelings, and withdrawal behaviors. The five major themes emerged as contributing factors to emotional labor: cultural adjustment, language barrier, professional challenges, limited support networks, and work-life balance. Coping strategies identified include emotional regulation, positive cognitive response, support from family and peers, and participation in recreational activities. These nuanced findings offer important insights for international teacher preparation, emotional well-being, and future research on cross-cultural educational contexts.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4628-4637
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Tailoring collaborative learning with jigsaw and VARK: a case study in teaching physics with environmental protection

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.32823
Ngan Hai My Le , Anh Thi Kim Nguyen
Collaboration is a crucial 21st century skill, requiring learning environments that foster teamwork while leveraging students’ individual strengths. This study aimed to enhance collaboration using the jigsaw strategy, which was adapted to students’ learning styles based on the model: visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic (VARK). The study involved 27 tenth-grade students in Ho Chi Minh City and focused on the topic “physics with environmental protection.” Students were initially grouped by learning styles into expert groups and later reorganized into mixed jigsaw groups to collaboratively address tasks related to environmental issues. A quasi-experimental design was employed, utilizing pre- and post-test self-assessment surveys, video observations, and group discussions to assess collaborative performance. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, while qualitative data provided deeper insights. Results demonstrated a significant improvement in team support (p=0.030), suggesting that aligning learning tasks with students’ styles foster group cohesion. However, participation and contribution showed minimal improvement, with students preferring reading/writing styles facing challenges in adapting to group activities. While the integration of jigsaw and VARK proved effective in enhancing collaboration, the study underscores the need to develop strategies to accommodate diverse learning preferences. Future research should involve larger sample sizes and consider teachers’ perspectives to optimize the practical implementation of learning styles in collaborative learning environments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4364-4374
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Partitioning hazy images using interactive active contour models

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1317-1324
Firhan Azri Ahmad Khairul Anuar , Jenevy Jone , Raja Farhatul Aiesya Raja Azhar , Abdul Kadir Jumaat
Image partitioning, also known as image segmentation, is a process that involves dividing an image into distinct and meaningful segments. Recently, an interactive active contour model (ACM) namely the Gaussian regularization selective segmentation (GRSS) was designed to handle images with intensity inhomogeneity effectively. However, the GRSS model shows limited performance when applied to hazy images, which often results in incomplete detection and inaccurate extraction of the target object. This study reformulates the GRSS model by integrating the simple dark channel prior (SimpleDCP) dehazing technique, producing a modified model referred to as GRSS with SimpleDCP (GRSSD). The model is derived and implemented in MATLAB software. Experimental results show that the GRSSD model achieves improved segmentation accuracy (ACU) compared with the GRSS model. On average, the ACU improved by 1.8%, while the error metric (EM) decreased from 0.053 to 0.036, representing a reduction of about 32%. The Dice and Jaccard indices improved by approximately 2.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Although the computation time increased, the enhancement in segmentation ACU demonstrates the benefit of incorporating a dehazing process into the variational formulation. The proposed GRSSD model can be extended to color and three-dimensional image segmentation in future work.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1317-1324
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Formalization of materialized view problem in ontology-based databases

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1430-1438
Bery Leouro Mbaiossoum , Narkoy Batouma , Atteib Doutoum Mahamat , Ouchar Cherif Ali , Lang Dionlar , Ladjel Bellatreche
Materialized views are essential for optimizing the performance of traditional databases and data warehouses by accelerating query responses. However, their substantial storage requirements and the impracticality of materializing all possible views raise the problem of selecting which views to persist, a fundamental physical design challenge. This article presents a rigorous formalization of this problem within the context of semantic databases. The methodology employed includes a comprehensive literature review aimed at identifying the variety of se-mantic database representations. This analysis revealed a significant diversity in data models and query languages used. Based on this analysis, a generic formalization framework is pro-posed. This framework enables the expression of various resolution approaches to the materialized view selection problem, taking into account the specificities of semantic databases. It offers broad applicability to any database management system, providing a common language to describe and compare view selection methods.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1430-1438
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Potential field-based approaches for nanobotics in drug delivery

10.11591/ijeecs.v40.i3.pp1298-1307
Leonardo Kamajaya , Indrazno Siradjuddin , Gillang Al Azhar , Fitri Fitri , Agwin Fahmi Fahanani
Nanorobotics has transformed targeted drug delivery by enhancing therapeutic efficacy, minimizing off-target effects, and increasing precision. However, navigating complex biological environments is challenging. In the field of macroscopic robotics, potential field (PF)-based approaches that utilize attractive and repulsive virtual forces provide a promising framework that can be applied to path planning for nanorobots. This study modifies PF algorithms for nanorobotic navigation to address challenges such as avoiding dynamic obstacles, escaping local minima, and optimizing trajectories in real time. We evaluated the movement of the nanorobot through simulations under static and dynamic conditions for the targets and obstacles. The results demonstrate that nanorobotics with hybrid PF methodologies enhance navigation performance, enabling nanorobots to successfully navigate through biological barriers and efficiently reach their target locations. This work is a significant step towards intelligent and autonomous nanorobotic drug delivery systems and contributes to practical biomedical applications.
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Page: 1298-1307
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Effect of a digital literacy through workshop training programs on older adults: a quasi-experimental study

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.32631
Ruthairat Siriwattanarat , Kittikhun Meethongjan , Ornuma Charoensuk , Donsak Tsailexthim , Weerawich Wongroj
In Bangkok, Thailand, workshop training programs aimed at enhancing digital literacy among older adults have been developed. The objective of this study was to assess whether a structured digital literacy workshop could improve mobile device proficiency among older adults in Bangkok. This program consisted of six workshops focusing on mobile devices such as smartphones or tablets. This quasi-experimental study investigates the impact of these workshops on digital device usage among urban community adults aged 60 and above. Digital literacy was assessed using the mobile device proficiency questionnaire (MDPQ-16) at three stages, they are baseline (pretest), immediately after program completion (post-intervention), and one month later (follow-up). A total of 84 older adults participated in these workshop training programs. Our findings indicate a significant increase in mobile device proficiency (P<.000). Participants showed substantial improvement in digital literacy at both the posttest and intervention assessments compared to pretest, with no significant difference observed between posttest and intervention scores. However, participants aged 70 and older with lower education levels demonstrated comparatively lower levels of digital literacy. These findings underscore the importance of implementing structured and accessible digital literacy training for older adults, particularly for those with lower educational attainment, to reduce digital disparities and promote inclusive access to essential digital services.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4389-4403
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Language learning strategies in relation to advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing proficiency

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.31857
Xinqin Liu , Mohammed Y.M. Mai
The study investigated the relationship between the language learning strategies (LLSs) employed by international undergraduate students at universities in Qinghai Province, China, and their proficiency in advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing. Data was collected from 45 advanced-level students selected through purposive sampling, using Oxford’s strategy inventory for language learning (SILL), an advanced Chinese vocabulary knowledge test, and advanced Chinese writing test scores. The descriptive analysis revealed moderate language learning strategy usage, with a preference for speaking and listening development. This result indicates a limited strategy usage. The correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between strategy usage and advanced Chinese vocabulary or writing proficiency. However, a strong relationship was observed between advanced Chinese vocabulary and writing proficiency. The absent relationship between strategy usage and proficiency levels suggests insufficient Chinese language proficiency among the students. The significant relationship highlights the crucial role of vocabulary in enhancing Chinese writing skills. The results provide practical insights for enhancing the use of strategies and vocabulary teaching to improve advanced writing and Chinese proficiency among international undergraduate students.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4844-4853
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Investigating Japanese EFL learners’ communication apprehension and oral presentation strategies

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34246
Akiko Kamata , Kamisah Ariffin , Roslina Abdul Aziz , Nadhratunnaim Abas , Badli Esham Ahmad , Hiroki Okada
This study examines communication apprehension (CA) and oral presentation strategies among Japanese English as a foreign language (EFL) learner to understand their impact on verbal communication challenges. Despite educational reforms prioritizing communicative competence, Japanese learners face persistent difficulties, particularly in formal contexts like public speaking. A descriptive quantitative design was employed, and a purposive sampling method was used to select a sample of 140 EFL learners from a private Japanese university. Data was collected using the oral presentation strategies inventory (OPSI) and the personal report of communication apprehension (PRCA). Quantitative analysis via SPSS 29 assessed learners’ apprehension levels and strategy use patterns. Findings revealed moderate CA levels, with interpersonal communication inducing the most anxiety and public speaking causing the least. Learners relied heavily on message reduction and alteration (MRA) strategies, simplifying expressions to manage anxiety, while non-verbal (NV) strategies were minimally utilized. Positive correlations between strategy use and CA highlight the potential of targeted strategies to mitigate apprehension. Practical implications include the need to integrate Japanese cultural values into pedagogy to manage CA through collaborative learning, peer assistance, and structured oral activities, while also balancing accuracy with fluency and utilizing technological tools to support language development.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4231-4243
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Geometrical determination of the focal point of parabolic solar concentrators

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5055-5066
Bekzod Maxmudov , Sherzod A. Korabayev , Nosir Yu. Sharibaev , Abror Abdulkhaev , Xulkarxon Mahmudova , Sh A. Mahsudov
Parabolic solar concentrators play a crucial role in harnessing solar energy by focusing sunlight onto a single focal point, enhancing efficiency in solar thermal applications. However, accurately determining the focal point remains a significant challenge, affecting energy efficiency, stability, and operational costs. This study presents a novel approach to determining the focal point of parabolic solar concentrators using two distinct geometric and mathematical methods. The first method applies standard parabolic equations to derive the focal point, while the second method introduces a geometric approach based on the properties of straight-line tangents and angular measurements. Experimental validation was conducted by comparing the proposed method against laser-based focal point determination. The results demonstrate that the proposed method enhances heat collection efficiency and stability, leading to improved energy output. The findings of this study contribute to optimizing solar concentrator designs, reducing energy losses, and promoting sustainable energy applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5055-5066
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing teachers’ digital literacy for security: a systematic review of frameworks and analytical methods in education

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.32613
Nadirah Othman , Nor Aslily Sarkam , Norhayati Baharun , Teoh Sian Hoon , Suraya Masrom , Nor Faezah Mohamad Razi , Abdullah Sani Abd Rahman
The rising use of digital tools in education emphasizes the crucial need of teachers’ digital security, which relies on strong digital literacy. This study assesses teachers’ digital literacy on digital security literature to meet the urgent need for safe practices in schools due to increased security breaches. A total of 30 studies were reviewed using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) criteria to build frameworks and data analysis methodologies in this field. Five research areas were identified: teacher perspectives, security-related issues, educational impacts, pedagogical approaches, and instrument validation. The predominant framework used was the digital competence framework for citizens (DigComp), however hybrid frameworks that integrate other theoretical perspectives were highly commended for their comprehensive approach. The 30% of the studies focused on security issues, including cyberbullying and data protection, while 70% incorporated security dimensions into digital literacy frameworks. Quantitative approaches comprising 60%, including t-tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and regression analysis. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in several studies to examine complex relationships. Although current research predominantly emphasizes quantitative methods, future investigations could enhance knowledge of teachers’ digital literacy and security by integrating SEM with artificial neural networks (ANN). This review emphasizes the necessity for hybrid frameworks and sophisticated approaches to enhance research.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4276-4294
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Improving time-domain winner-take-all circuit for neuromorphic computing systems

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5173-5182
Son Ngoc Truong , Tu Tien Ngo
With the rapid advancements of information processing systems, winner- take-all (WTA) circuits have emerged as essential components in a wide range of cognitive functions and decision-making applications. Neuromorphic computing systems, inspired by the biological brain, utilize WTA circuits as selective mechanisms that identify and retain the strongest signal while suppressing all others. In this study, we present an effective time-domain WTA circuit with optimized multiple-input NOT AND (NAND) gate and delay circuit for neuromorphic computing applications. The circuit is evaluated using sinusoidal current inputs with varying phase delays, which successfully demonstrating precise winner selection. When applied to neuromorphic image recognition task, the enhanced time-domain WTA achieves an improvement of 0.2% in precision while significantly reducing power consumption, yielding a low figure of merit (FoM) of 0.03 µW/MHz, compared to the previous study with FoM of 0.25 µW/MHz. The optimized WTA circuit is highly promising for large-scale neuromorphic applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5173-5182
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Integration of ultra-wideband elliptical antenna with frequency selective surfaces array for performance improvement in wireless communication

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5515-5523
Saleh Omar , Chokri Baccouch , Rhaimi Belgacem Chibani
The integration of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with antennas has gained significant attention due to its ability to enhance key radio frequency (RF) performance parameters such as gain, directivity, and bandwidth, making it highly beneficial for modern wireless communication systems. In this work, we propose and investigate an ultra-wideband (UWB) elliptical antenna operating within the 5.2 to 10 GHz frequency range. To further improve its performance, we integrate the antenna with a 13×13 FSS array. The impact of the FSS on the antenna’s characteristics is analyzed, showing a remarkable gain enhancement from 2.6 dBi (without FSS) to 10.05 dBi (with FSS). These results confirm the effectiveness of FSS integration in optimizing UWB antenna performance, making it a promising approach for advanced wireless communication applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5515-5523
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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