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Effectiveness of school-based nutrition education on obesity and nutritional status of adolescent girls: a scoping review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26131
Sehar Iqbal , Saira Zafar , Syed Hassan Bin Usman Shah , Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
School based nutrition education is an effective way to improve nutritional status of adolescent girls through changing their dietary behaviors. This scoping review therefore aimed to summarize the available literature evaluating the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions on anthropometric measures and nutritional status of adolescent girls. A systematic approach following the PRISMA guidelines was adopted to investigate the effects of nutrition education in schools. A search term and an eligibility criterion were applied and 2 databases, i.e., Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve the existing literature. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 11 studies and data from 3957 participants were included in this review. School-education intervention was taken as an independent variable to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. Most of the studies found the beneficial effects of school-based nutrition programs to reduce obesity among adolescent girls. However, a few studies (n = 4) did not show any significant impact of nutrition education programs to improve nutritional status of this age-group girls. Our review reported the beneficial effect of school health-education programs to reduce obesity in adolescent girls. A holistic approach with more professional training for teachers based on health promotion strategies, inclusion of nutrition education into the curriculum, operative follow-up and evaluations are needed to implement more effective school-based nutrition education programs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1243-1255
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Computational paradigm for advancing lung cancer drug discovery

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25783
Ochin Sharma , Alwalid Bashier Gism Elseed Ahmed , Mudassir Khan , Ghantasala Gnana Sudha Pradeep , Pellakuri Vidyullatha , Mohammad Mazhar Nezami
Lung cancer remainders one of the foremost causes of cancer-related impermanence worldwide. The availability of novel medicines for patients with lung cancer is restricted by the extremely lengthy timetables and high attrition rates of traditional drug discovery procedures. However, in silico drug discovery has emerged as a powerful and affordable way to identify potential treatments. This work offers well-structured paradigms for using virtual techniques to identify potential lung cancer treatments. The main concerns are virtual screening, target validation and identification, pharmacokinetic assessment, and molecular docking. The cost and time of drug development are reduced and a valuable platform for discovering novel drugs to treat lung cancer is produced by merging computational resources with proper methodologies. The current work explores the recent advancements, challenges, and possible future paths. Mann-Whitney U test says that the sampled data is different in distribution for molecular weight (MW), LogP, amount of H acceptors, and quantity of H donors for active and inactive molecules. Python tool has been utilized and identified that the CHEMBL4850929 (C31H31F2N7O4) molecule is a potential drug. It has pIC50 7.61, Lipinski values in terms of MW 603.63, LogP 3.36, amount of H donors 1, quantity of H acceptors 10.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1304-1312
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Numerical study of non-linear twisted blades for tidal turbines improvement

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i3.pp894-906
Nu Rhahida Arini , Philips Ade Putera Atmojo , Deni Saputra , Dendy Satrio
Despite the growing demand for renewable energy, the utilization of tidal energy remains underdeveloped due to efficiency limitations in turbine design. Addressing this gap, this study investigates the performance of horizontal-axis tidal turbines (HATT) by comparing two foil designs, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) 2415 and OptA, to optimize energy extraction efficiency. The research employs computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using OpenFOAM to evaluate the effects of foil modifications and non-linear twist distributions on turbine performance across varying tip speed ratios (TSR). The results indicate that the OptA foil significantly improves turbine performance, achieving a 41.4% increase in torque and a 40.2% increase in power coefficient (CP) at TSR 5, which was identified as the optimal operating condition. The OptA foil enhances velocity distribution, reduces flow separation, and improves vortex behavior, leading to greater efficiency and stability. These findings confirm that foil selection and blade design modifications play a critical role in HATT optimization.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 894-906
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Developing an automatic handwashing innovation for Thai preschool children

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25431
Phatcharaphan Chaiyasung , Nuttaya Sritakaew , Pilailak Rojanaprasert , Usa Thohinung , Nisapichayapak Meesomsak , Sirichai Triamlumlerd
Handwashing is vital in COVID-19 prevention and other infectious diseases. However, ensuring regular handwashing among children aged 3-5 proves challenging due to inconsistent compliance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an automatic handwashing innovation for preschools, involving 13 executives from local organizations, a health-promoting hospital, and 77 children aged 3-5 from Khlong 6, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Evaluation tools included in-depth interview questionnaires, an automatic handwashing evaluation form, and preschool behavior assessment tools. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and experimental group evaluations, with analysis involving content analysis, mean, and standard deviations. Findings indicated that: i) Caregivers struggle to consistently supervise children's handwashing, particularly before meals, after bathroom use, and when touching public surfaces; ii) The automatic handwashing innovation effectively caters to the community's needs in early childhood care; and iii) The design of this innovation should prioritize elements that enhance children's enjoyment and safety. The final prototype is a screen-based system that demonstrates automated handwashing. It features a bear character who guides the handwashing techniques and music for three minutes. Post implementation, preschoolers demonstrated improved independent handwashing skills, achieving high scores (X=1.87, SD=0.212). Future advancements in this area should continue focusing on child-centric design to promote early childhood hand hygiene effectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1284-1293
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Improved knowledge, attitude, and practice during COVID-19 pandemic among Chinese in Mainland China compared to Malaysian

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25586
Shucheng Li , Bin Seng Low
COVID-19 is currently inconspicuous yet to be eradicated. Since knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) are important elements in containing the outbreak, it is worth ascertaining the KAP in preventing COVID-19. Present study compared the KAP of the respondents from the two countries China and Malaysia on COVID-19 outbreak. A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was conducted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, t-test and one-way ANOVA on the data were performed. A total of 390 respondents from Malaysia and 395 respondents from China were participated in the study. Results showed gender, education level, and age were associated with overall better knowledge (p<0.05) in China. In Malaysia, positive attitudes towards COVID-19 were more prevalent among degree holders and within the age range of 18 to 30 years. However, differences by gender, education level, age and monthly income between Chinese and Malaysian respondents on attitude were found significant (p<0.05). During the pandemic, the preventive practices were associated with education and age (p<0.05) for both Chinese and Malaysian respondents. In conclusion, Chinese respondents demonstrated better knowledge and more positive attitudes compared to Malaysians, highlighting the need for comprehensive educational programs in Malaysia to enhance public KAP regarding COVID-19 prevention, particularly among less educated and older populations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1179-1188
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Assessment of depression, malnutrition and co-morbidities of geriatric individuals in rural areas of Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26155
Mst. Umme Hafsa Begum , Md. Nazrul Islam , Afsana Akter , Lima Akter , Mst. Trisha Akter , Md. Abul Hasnat , Mst. Rokshana Rabeya
In rural Bangladesh, elderly populations face distinct health challenges, with depression, malnutrition, and co-morbidities significantly impacting their well-being. This cross-sectional study evaluated 384 older adults across four divisions of Bangladesh using the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and Katz Index of activities of daily living (ADL). Depression was found among 62.8% of respondents. About 13.0% of participants were malnourished, and 51.8% were at risk of malnutrition. Self reported hypertension (47.1%), arthritis (46.4%), dental problems (43.5%), and insomnia (37.0%) were profound among respondents. The risk of dementia, anorexia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension was higher among males than females. Geriatric depression was significantly higher in the elderly who were residing in a nuclear family than their counterparts (AOR = 2.114; 95% CI = 1.328-3.365). Additionally, being unemployed was identified as an independent predictor of GD (AOR = 1.992, 95% CI: 1.070 3.709, p = .030). The higher prevalence of depression and risk of malnutrition highlight the pressing requirement for well-coordinated and comprehensive healthcare strategies. The development of multifaceted approaches, incorporating mental health services, nutritional interventions, and socioeconomic support, would enhance elders' well-being.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1620-1628
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Supportive work environment for people with Down syndrome in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25124
Md Mizanur Rahman , Chuong Hock Ting , Razitasham Safii , Rosalia Saimon , Yoke Yong Chen , Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh , Abg Safuan Adenan
Understanding organizational culture, knowledge of employment rights, and positive attitudes towards people with disabilities is crucial for creating inclusive workplaces. This Malaysian study compared the perspectives of employers, employees, and community members with disabilities using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling of 595 respondents. Data on demographics, organizational culture, legislative knowledge, and attitudes were collected via a validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression in JAMOVI and SPSS, with a p-value<.05 indicating significance. The study found a moderately supportive organizational culture for employing people with disabilities, with the highest scores in supportive work environments and inclusive culture. Employers and employees perceived greater top management commitment and inclusivity than community members with Down syndrome. Legislative knowledge and positive attitudes significantly shaped perceptions of a supportive and inclusive workplace. Muslim participants reported greater support and disability-accommodating human resource (HR) practices than those of other religions. The findings underscore the need for targeted training and awareness programs on disability rights to enhance inclusivity among all stakeholders in Malaysia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1489-1498
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Genome mining of secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces spp. as potent therapeutics for RET-specific non small-cell lung cancer

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26208
Rhydhy Rasika Gurmuras , HemaNandini Rajendran Krishnamoorthy , Ramanathan Karuppasamy
The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene encodes a tyrosine kinase oncogene implicated in various cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Till now, multiple kinase inhibitors are commonly used to treat RET-positive NSCLC. However, these inhibitors often exhibit significant toxicity and demonstrate reduced efficacy and specificity toward RET. Recently, bioactive compounds derived from marine sources have shown promising anticancer properties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective bioactive compounds from marine Streptomyces species using a virtual screening approach to address these limitations. A literature search identified 20 marine Streptomyces species as potential sources of bioactive compounds. The antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell (antiSMASH) online tool were used to analyze the gene clusters of these marine Streptomyces species, revealing 7,251 metabolites. A total of 661 distinct metabolites were analyzed through a comprehensive array of virtual screening methodologies. The molecular docking and pharmacokinetic analysis resulted in the identification of four metabolites with better binding scores and pharmacological properties than pralsetinib. Collectively, we hypothesize that the identified bioactive compounds could be considered as potent leads for further analysis.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1629-1634
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Gender disparities in knowledge of urban adolescents dating violence: differential item function analysis in rasch model

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25938
Suci Musvita Ayu , Liena Sofiana , Yuniar Wardani , Erni Gustina , Moh. Irma Sukarelawan
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a global public health problem that has a serious impact on adolescents' physical, psychological, and social development. This study aimed to explore gender disparities in Indonesian adolescents' knowledge of dating violence using the Rasch Model and Differential Item Function Analysis. A total of 250 junior high school students in Yogyakarta, consisting of 107 males and 143 females, participated. The ADV knowledge measurement instrument consisted of 16 previously tested items for validity and reliability. Results showed that female students had a higher level of knowledge than male students, especially in identifying emotional and physical violence. Differential item function (DIF) analysis revealed that two items showed differences in perception based on gender, with female students focusing more on physical violence. In contrast, male students tended to view physical violence as a more common behaviour. This study highlights the importance of more inclusive and gender-sensitive educational programs to increase adolescents' knowledge of different forms of dating violence. The findings provide important insights for the development of interventions that can help prevent dating violence among adolescents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1338-1346
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Enhancing cancer patient care via nursing apps: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26000
Dwi Retnaningsih , Niken Sukesi , Rozaq Isnaini Nugraha , Reanita Anggis Deraya , Maulida Izzatin Ni’mah , Iva Anissya Putri , Sinta Selviana
Digital health interventions have been shown to be effective in improving the quality of life for cancer patients through education, symptom management, and psychosocial support. This research aims to identify application content that can enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) criteria. From the search, 941 articles were found in the JSTOR database (n = 11), Science Direct (n = 54), ProQuest (n = 609), and Springer Link (n = 267), with a publication period from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used include: nursing applications, cancer, application content, quality of life, and randomized clinical trials (RCT). The inclusion criteria encompass RCT published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and utilizing digital applications as interventions to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. This research includes patients aged 16-80 from various countries, including China, Turkey, Ireland, Taiwan, and Australia. The results show that digital interventions such as digital storytelling, education through applications, nurse support programs, and virtual reality significantly improve patients' quality of life. The intervention content includes six main themes: medical education, symptom management, psychosocial support, multidisciplinary interventions, physical activity, and relaxation, as well as interactive digital platforms.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1232-1242
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Evaluation of the project to develop an information system for promoting community health

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25879
Patchana Hengboriboonpong Jaidee , Sirichai Junphum , Supattra Assawamaitree , Nisa Rattanadilok Na Phuket , Nattakarn Sittisaman , Wanasara Chaoniyom
This study aimed to evaluate the Thailand Community Network Appraisal Program (TCNAP) during 2020-2022, utilizing a developmental evaluation framework based on the CIPP model. Data collection employed a mixed methods approach. Methods included in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 204 representatives from the Healthy Community Strengthening Office under the Thai Health Promotion Foundation (Thai Health), the Research and Development Community Health System Center, the Center of Community Database Management, and the Regional Center of Academic Support for Network Management. Quantitative data were collected through online surveys assessing the effectiveness of the TCNAP project from 376 delegates of the co-creation livable community network. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, while thematic and content analysis were applied for qualitative data. Results indicated that the project network expressed high satisfaction with the database usage, with a mean score of 3.99±0.76. It was observed that 8 out of 10 indicators successfully achieved their objectives. Additionally, the pragmatic utility of information derived from TCNAP was evident in formulating local development plans and garnering external support for enhancing community health and quality of life. This commitment to evidence-based practice is encapsulated by the phrase “Data equals stability.” However, sustaining the implementation of the TCNAP project posed significant challenges. Proposed developmental strategies include organizing knowledge exchange activities, improving data collection tools and formats, and providing budgetary support tailored to the area context. Additionally, enhancing the operational system of TCNAP is crucial to ensure stability, convenience, efficiency, and adaptability for both current and future use.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1468-1478
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Incidence rate and spatial clustering of measles cases in Malaysia, 2018–2022

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25223
Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Wan Nor Arifin , Jamiatul Aida Md Sani , Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah
The distribution of measles varies worldwide. Malaysia has seen fluctuating incidence rates of measles across its districts, highlighting the persistent challenge of measles control despite national vaccination efforts. This study aimed to map the incidence rates of measles and identify hotspots areas of measles in Malaysia between 2018 and 2022. The study utilized secondary data from the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, and was analyzed through spatial autocorrelation techniques. Choropleth map applied to the incidence rate of measles and Global Moran’s I statistics quantified spatial autocorrelation, supplemented by local indicators of spatial association (LISA) for localized analysis. The measles incidence rate exceeded 500 per million population in Bintulu, Marudi, and Miri, Sarawak in 2018 and in Gua Musang, Kelantan in 2019. There is a downward trend in the incidence rate across the districts in Malaysia. The Global Moran’s I statistic revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation of measles cases in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. Districts, specifically in Klang Valley, have been identified as persistent hotspot areas. There is a need for continuous surveillance, adequate vaccination coverage, and supplementary public health measures, especially in identified hotspot areas, in order to achieve measles elimination goals in Malaysia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1119-1128
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factors associated with risk scores among stone mortar workers exposed to high noise levels in Lampang province, Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24814
Yuwadee Khunsaard , Arroon Ketsakorn
Noise pollution is an undesirable phenomenon that affects human health and can lead to occupational hearing loss. This study was to assess associations of risk scores from exposure to noise related to their variables from noise exposure among stone mortar workers who exposed to high noise levels during their work in Lampang, Thailand. The study was conducted between August and September 2023. Data collection involved using standardized questionnaires which were developed by researchers and used scientific instruments for noise measurement. The questionnaires contained items related to population characteristics and work information, knowledge, attitude, and practice for preventing noise exposure, noise exposure measurement, and risk scores from exposure to noise. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze data. The results showed that seven factors significantly associated with risk scores from exposure to noise while performing their work. Apparently, there were four influential variables which included height of workers, ear symptoms, working hour per day, and noise measurement as tested using multiple regression analysis. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage those variables by drafting policies and creating tools for risk prediction to control the influential variables related to risk level from exposure to noise in the working area.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1394-1403
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Bacterial meningitis knowledge, attitude and practice study among parents: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25942
Siham Jbari , Karima El-Mouhdi , Hajar El Omari , Mounir Bourrous , Samia Boussaa
In Morocco, bacterial meningitis has consistently posed a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue requires a deeper understanding of public perceptions to enhance awareness and prevention efforts. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted in health facilities in the Marrakech-Safi region from May 2022 to January 2023, employed Cronbach's Alpha with a reliability score of 72% to analyze the association between knowledge levels and various factors. The research revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 20 and 30 years (51.8%) and female (64.4%). The term most commonly used by Moroccans to describe purulent meningitis was “bad fever” (Skhana lkhayba), with 68.8% using this term. Additionally, 82% of participants had an average level of knowledge about the disease. Analysis indicated that families with four children demonstrated a higher level of knowledge compared to those with fewer or more children (p = 0.048). Participants residing in structured housing had a lower level of knowledge than those in unstructured housing (p = 0.017). Furthermore, educational attainment at the primary and secondary school levels was significantly associated with knowledge levels (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Understanding public perceptions and vulnerabilities related to bacterial meningitis can significantly improve disease control and prevention strategies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1220
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.23685
Eldawati Eldawati , Faridah Mohd Said , Nur Syazana Umar
Hypertension is a long-term condition that enables individuals to take an active role in managing their health care— inadequate adherence to medication regimens is a major factor contributing to treatment failure. We translated and updated the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale for use in Indonesia, where systemic hypertension is becoming increasingly prevalent.  This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale. The descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted in East Java, Indonesia, during June and July 2021. For the purpose of selecting 144 persons who had hypertension, a convenience sample was utilized. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument was translated from English into Indonesian using a forward-backward translation method, followed by evaluation by an expert panel and pilot testing. To assess its reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were utilized. A Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.945 confirmed the adequacy of the sample for the study. Additionally, the Bartlett’s test yielded a significant result (X² = 132.41; p < 0.001), supporting the appropriateness of conducting a factor analysis. Using factor analysis, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale revealed a single factor with an eigenvalue >1 that explained 42.13% of the total variation. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale was 0.901. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument has been successfully translated and tailored for the Indonesian population, with consideration of their cultural context. In order to provide an accurate prediction regarding the impact that this intervention would have on patients' adherence, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale could be of assistance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1595-1600
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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