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31,456 Article Results

Assessment of depression, malnutrition and co-morbidities of geriatric individuals in rural areas of Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26155
Mst. Umme Hafsa Begum , Md. Nazrul Islam , Afsana Akter , Lima Akter , Mst. Trisha Akter , Md. Abul Hasnat , Mst. Rokshana Rabeya
In rural Bangladesh, elderly populations face distinct health challenges, with depression, malnutrition, and co-morbidities significantly impacting their well-being. This cross-sectional study evaluated 384 older adults across four divisions of Bangladesh using the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and Katz Index of activities of daily living (ADL). Depression was found among 62.8% of respondents. About 13.0% of participants were malnourished, and 51.8% were at risk of malnutrition. Self reported hypertension (47.1%), arthritis (46.4%), dental problems (43.5%), and insomnia (37.0%) were profound among respondents. The risk of dementia, anorexia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension was higher among males than females. Geriatric depression was significantly higher in the elderly who were residing in a nuclear family than their counterparts (AOR = 2.114; 95% CI = 1.328-3.365). Additionally, being unemployed was identified as an independent predictor of GD (AOR = 1.992, 95% CI: 1.070 3.709, p = .030). The higher prevalence of depression and risk of malnutrition highlight the pressing requirement for well-coordinated and comprehensive healthcare strategies. The development of multifaceted approaches, incorporating mental health services, nutritional interventions, and socioeconomic support, would enhance elders' well-being.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1620-1628
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Supportive work environment for people with Down syndrome in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25124
Md Mizanur Rahman , Chuong Hock Ting , Razitasham Safii , Rosalia Saimon , Yoke Yong Chen , Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh , Abg Safuan Adenan
Understanding organizational culture, knowledge of employment rights, and positive attitudes towards people with disabilities is crucial for creating inclusive workplaces. This Malaysian study compared the perspectives of employers, employees, and community members with disabilities using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling of 595 respondents. Data on demographics, organizational culture, legislative knowledge, and attitudes were collected via a validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression in JAMOVI and SPSS, with a p-value<.05 indicating significance. The study found a moderately supportive organizational culture for employing people with disabilities, with the highest scores in supportive work environments and inclusive culture. Employers and employees perceived greater top management commitment and inclusivity than community members with Down syndrome. Legislative knowledge and positive attitudes significantly shaped perceptions of a supportive and inclusive workplace. Muslim participants reported greater support and disability-accommodating human resource (HR) practices than those of other religions. The findings underscore the need for targeted training and awareness programs on disability rights to enhance inclusivity among all stakeholders in Malaysia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1489-1498
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Prevalence and health literacy on high blood pressure among late adulthood individuals in Northeast Thailand: a cross sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24980
Kittipong Sornlorm , Arunrat Puncha Glingasorn
High blood pressure (HBP) is a leading risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aimed to identify health literacy and other characteristics associated with HBP among late adults in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,345 adults aged 35-59 years from Health Centers 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Northeast Thailand. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (Adj. OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results showed a prevalence of HBP at 24.76% (95% CI: 22.52-27.13). Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between HBP and health literacy in finding health information (Adj. OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28-1.96, p-value<0.001), as well as judging health information (Adj. OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04-1.73, p-value=0.024). Additionally, history of smoking (Adj. OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.29-3.24, p-value = 0.002), comorbidity (Adj. OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.76-2.74, p-value <0.001), physical activity (Adj. OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28-2.16, p-value <0.001), and body mass index (Adj. OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.14-4.26, p-value=0.018) were found to be associated with HBP. Poor health literacy increases the risk of HBP. Relevant authorities must evaluate the group context and develop a suitable health literacy model.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1576-1584
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Impact of leadership approaches and appraisal practices on hospital workforce and environment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26182
Subodh S. Satheesh , Anila Cholleti
Hospital appraisal practices can directly impact workforce-based outcomes, including work performance, retention rate, and physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals and leadership approaches on the overall job satisfaction of the workforce in healthcare settings. A descriptive cross-sectional method was employed to collect data from 258 randomly selected health workforce from different private hospitals in Bangalore, India. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the appraisal process, leadership approaches, and sentiments. SPSS version 26 and Python 3.13 were used for statistical analysis. Most of the participants (62.2%) had a good understanding of the performance appraisal process, viewing it as essential for professional growth (95%) and work quality (96.5%). However, 53.8% felt that appraisal requirements were poorly communicated, with 58.9% reporting common unfair practices. Over half of them (56.3%) acknowledged their manager's influence, but only 43.6% expressed moderate satisfaction. This study found that despite the good understanding of the performance appraisal among the study participants, the lack of communication and the unethical work environment contributed to dissatisfaction. Thus, organizations should develop a more transparent, fair, and employee-centric appraisal system to enhance job satisfaction, workforce stability, and overall patient care quality.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1412-1418
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Computational paradigm for advancing lung cancer drug discovery

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25783
Ochin Sharma , Alwalid Bashier Gism Elseed Ahmed , Mudassir Khan , Ghantasala Gnana Sudha Pradeep , Pellakuri Vidyullatha , Mohammad Mazhar Nezami
Lung cancer remainders one of the foremost causes of cancer-related impermanence worldwide. The availability of novel medicines for patients with lung cancer is restricted by the extremely lengthy timetables and high attrition rates of traditional drug discovery procedures. However, in silico drug discovery has emerged as a powerful and affordable way to identify potential treatments. This work offers well-structured paradigms for using virtual techniques to identify potential lung cancer treatments. The main concerns are virtual screening, target validation and identification, pharmacokinetic assessment, and molecular docking. The cost and time of drug development are reduced and a valuable platform for discovering novel drugs to treat lung cancer is produced by merging computational resources with proper methodologies. The current work explores the recent advancements, challenges, and possible future paths. Mann-Whitney U test says that the sampled data is different in distribution for molecular weight (MW), LogP, amount of H acceptors, and quantity of H donors for active and inactive molecules. Python tool has been utilized and identified that the CHEMBL4850929 (C31H31F2N7O4) molecule is a potential drug. It has pIC50 7.61, Lipinski values in terms of MW 603.63, LogP 3.36, amount of H donors 1, quantity of H acceptors 10.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1304-1312
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Developing an automatic handwashing innovation for Thai preschool children

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25431
Phatcharaphan Chaiyasung , Nuttaya Sritakaew , Pilailak Rojanaprasert , Usa Thohinung , Nisapichayapak Meesomsak , Sirichai Triamlumlerd
Handwashing is vital in COVID-19 prevention and other infectious diseases. However, ensuring regular handwashing among children aged 3-5 proves challenging due to inconsistent compliance. This study aimed to develop and evaluate an automatic handwashing innovation for preschools, involving 13 executives from local organizations, a health-promoting hospital, and 77 children aged 3-5 from Khlong 6, Pathum Thani, Thailand. Evaluation tools included in-depth interview questionnaires, an automatic handwashing evaluation form, and preschool behavior assessment tools. Data collection methods included in-depth interviews and experimental group evaluations, with analysis involving content analysis, mean, and standard deviations. Findings indicated that: i) Caregivers struggle to consistently supervise children's handwashing, particularly before meals, after bathroom use, and when touching public surfaces; ii) The automatic handwashing innovation effectively caters to the community's needs in early childhood care; and iii) The design of this innovation should prioritize elements that enhance children's enjoyment and safety. The final prototype is a screen-based system that demonstrates automated handwashing. It features a bear character who guides the handwashing techniques and music for three minutes. Post implementation, preschoolers demonstrated improved independent handwashing skills, achieving high scores (X=1.87, SD=0.212). Future advancements in this area should continue focusing on child-centric design to promote early childhood hand hygiene effectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1284-1293
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Maternal behavior in provider of reproductive health education to early childhood

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24153
Melisa Yenti , Inda Mustika Permata , Mivtahurrahimah Mivtahurrahimah
Society often views sex education for early childhood as taboo, believing it is inappropriate for young children. However, early health education plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of sexual violence. In 2022, the Indonesian government recorded a high incidence of sexual violence, with 11.016 reported cases. This study examines the factors that influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education to early childhood in West Sumatra during 2021. This study uses a quantitative cross-sectional study method, the research conducted in May to October 2021 in West Sumatra. The study involved 257 mothers with children aged 3-6 years, selected through cluster sampling. We analyzed the data using univariate and bivariate analysis, employing the Chi-square method. The result shows that factors such as attitudes (0.029), exposure to information (<0.001), and family support (<0.001) significantly influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education. However, knowledge levels do not show a significant influence on maternal behavior. In addressing these findings, we recommend strengthening family support through family counseling training programs and increasing the availability and accessibility of information on reproductive health education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1323-1329
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Physical activity interventions for adolescent suicide ideation and behavior: a rapid review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25128
Richard Peter Bailey , Nadia Samsudin , Francis Ries , Janet Ann Fernandez
Physical inactivity, sedentary behavior, and mental health issues have become significant public health challenges. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors during adolescence. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were sourced from SPORTDiscus, Psychology & Behavioral Sciences Collection, and Google Scholar. The review included English-language peer reviewed articles published between January 2018 and March 2023, focusing on physical activity, sport, and mental health in adolescents aged 10 to 19. Adolescents with low levels of physical activity or high levels of sedentary behavior were at greater risk of suicidal thoughts compared to their more physically active counterparts. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was not directly associated with self-harm or mental health disorders, the overall mental health benefits of physical activity, especially in the context of socially engaging sports, were evident. Some aspects of these associations warrant further investigation. Physical activity and sport offer cost-effective, widely accepted interventions that have significant potential to reduce the risk of suicidal ideation and behaviors among adolescents. Given the devastating impact of suicide on young people, incorporating physical activity into mental health promotion and intervention strategies is crucial.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1221-1231
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Genome mining of secondary metabolites from marine Streptomyces spp. as potent therapeutics for RET-specific non small-cell lung cancer

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26208
Rhydhy Rasika Gurmuras , HemaNandini Rajendran Krishnamoorthy , Ramanathan Karuppasamy
The rearranged during transfection (RET) gene encodes a tyrosine kinase oncogene implicated in various cancers, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Till now, multiple kinase inhibitors are commonly used to treat RET-positive NSCLC. However, these inhibitors often exhibit significant toxicity and demonstrate reduced efficacy and specificity toward RET. Recently, bioactive compounds derived from marine sources have shown promising anticancer properties. Therefore, this study aimed to identify effective bioactive compounds from marine Streptomyces species using a virtual screening approach to address these limitations. A literature search identified 20 marine Streptomyces species as potential sources of bioactive compounds. The antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell (antiSMASH) online tool were used to analyze the gene clusters of these marine Streptomyces species, revealing 7,251 metabolites. A total of 661 distinct metabolites were analyzed through a comprehensive array of virtual screening methodologies. The molecular docking and pharmacokinetic analysis resulted in the identification of four metabolites with better binding scores and pharmacological properties than pralsetinib. Collectively, we hypothesize that the identified bioactive compounds could be considered as potent leads for further analysis.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1629-1634
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Enhancing cancer patient care via nursing apps: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26000
Dwi Retnaningsih , Niken Sukesi , Rozaq Isnaini Nugraha , Reanita Anggis Deraya , Maulida Izzatin Ni’mah , Iva Anissya Putri , Sinta Selviana
Digital health interventions have been shown to be effective in improving the quality of life for cancer patients through education, symptom management, and psychosocial support. This research aims to identify application content that can enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) criteria. From the search, 941 articles were found in the JSTOR database (n = 11), Science Direct (n = 54), ProQuest (n = 609), and Springer Link (n = 267), with a publication period from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used include: nursing applications, cancer, application content, quality of life, and randomized clinical trials (RCT). The inclusion criteria encompass RCT published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and utilizing digital applications as interventions to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. This research includes patients aged 16-80 from various countries, including China, Turkey, Ireland, Taiwan, and Australia. The results show that digital interventions such as digital storytelling, education through applications, nurse support programs, and virtual reality significantly improve patients' quality of life. The intervention content includes six main themes: medical education, symptom management, psychosocial support, multidisciplinary interventions, physical activity, and relaxation, as well as interactive digital platforms.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1232-1242
Publish at: 2025-09-01

The role of community-based organizations in improving rural female adolescents’ knowledge, attitude, and haemoglobin level

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24321
Apriningsih Apriningsih , Rita Ismail , Ratri Ciptaningtyas , Tri Astuti Sugiyatmi , Dudung Angkasa , Fathimath Ana Nadheem
Addressing the prevalence of anemia in female adolescents requires the active engagement of multiple sectors. The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the school-based weekly iron folate supplementation (WIFAS) program which may lead to an increased anemia prevalence in female adolescents. The role of community-based organizations in assisting preexisting programs is supposed to alleviate the prevalence effectively. This study aimed to analyze the role of a community-based organization (CBO) consisting of youth organizations and integrated services post cadres in a program to improve hemoglobin level in Sirnagalih Village, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. This pre-experimental study involved 89 female adolescents. After the intervention conducted by the CBO, significant differences were identified in the level of knowledge, attitudes, and hemoglobin (Hb) levels of female adolescents (p<0.05). The linear regression test obtained a statistical model equation related to female adolescents' Hb levels after being assisted by the CBO (R = 0.821, p = 0.000). The variable role of CBO, understanding media information, initial Hb level, adherence to consuming WIFAS, and habits to consume iron enhancer food of female adolescents can explain the Hb levels as much as 82%.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1419-1427
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Permanent magnet generator performance comparison under different topologies and capacities

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1516-1527
Ketut Wirtayasa , Muhammad Kasim , Puji Widiyanto , Anwar Muqorobin , Sulistyo Wijanarko , Pudji Irasari
This paper compares the magnetic, electrical, and mechanical characteristics of two permanent magnet generator topologies: single-gap axial flux and single-gap inner rotor radial flux. The study aims to identify how the key parameters fluctuate at each power capacity and investigate the trends in their values as power changes. The power capacities observed are 300 W, 600 W, 900 W, 1200 W, and 1500 W. Simulations used with the help of Ansys Maxwell software to obtain: i) magnetic characteristics without load, including air gap flux density, flux linkage, and induced voltage, ii) electrical performance, consisting of armature current, terminal voltage, voltage regulation, total harmonic distortion, core loss and output power, and iii) mechanical performance, including shaft torque and cogging torque. The last step compares the power density of both topologies. The simulation results show that the axial flux permanent magnet generator (AFPMG) has better air gap flux density, voltage regulation, total harmonic distortion (THD), efficiency, electromagnetic torque, and power density characteristics. Meanwhile, the radial flux permanent magnet generator (RFPMG) is superior in induced voltage and output power. These results conclude that, in general, AFPMG is exceptional from a technical point of view and is more economical when applied to hydro or wind energy systems.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1516-1527
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Bacterial meningitis knowledge, attitude and practice study among parents: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25942
Siham Jbari , Karima El-Mouhdi , Hajar El Omari , Mounir Bourrous , Samia Boussaa
In Morocco, bacterial meningitis has consistently posed a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue requires a deeper understanding of public perceptions to enhance awareness and prevention efforts. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted in health facilities in the Marrakech-Safi region from May 2022 to January 2023, employed Cronbach's Alpha with a reliability score of 72% to analyze the association between knowledge levels and various factors. The research revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 20 and 30 years (51.8%) and female (64.4%). The term most commonly used by Moroccans to describe purulent meningitis was “bad fever” (Skhana lkhayba), with 68.8% using this term. Additionally, 82% of participants had an average level of knowledge about the disease. Analysis indicated that families with four children demonstrated a higher level of knowledge compared to those with fewer or more children (p = 0.048). Participants residing in structured housing had a lower level of knowledge than those in unstructured housing (p = 0.017). Furthermore, educational attainment at the primary and secondary school levels was significantly associated with knowledge levels (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Understanding public perceptions and vulnerabilities related to bacterial meningitis can significantly improve disease control and prevention strategies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1220
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Quality of life among peri menopausal and post-menopausal women from rural area of Western India

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26055
Sanjana Maniktalla , Jayashree Sachin Gothankar , Arvinder Pal Singh Narula
Menopause, remains a poorly investigated topic holding increased taboo. In addition to symptoms categorized under vasomotor, vaginal, energy, food and insomnia, it is linked to occurrence of various medical comorbidities. Understanding the status of menopause symptoms and awareness will help provide insight on how it influences women’s quality of life. Objective was to assess the association of menopause on attributes of sleep, energy, memory, work, leisure and everyday activities affecting quality of life. This was a community based cross-sectional study conducted over three months in randomly selected villages under rural field practice area of private medical college in Maharashtra. Data was collected during health camps along with house visits. Research tool containing socio-demographic, menopausal status and quality of life components was used targeting women aged 40-65 years. Logistic regression analysis was used to find odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio respectively for menopausal symptoms with associated attributes at 5% level of significance and 95% CI. Results showed the mean age of women was 48.16 years ±8.4 SD, by which 57% had fully attained menopause and it was associated with significant changes in sleep, memory and physical relations. This study lays emphasis on the fact that menopause period is associated with sleep and memory disturbances as well as physical relations in rural women. It also highlights on the poor knowledge and attitude pertaining to menopause in a rural setup.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1347-1356
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Modified electro-optical modulator based bipolar optical code division multiple access for free-space optics

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26727
Eddy; Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Wijanto , Kevin; Universitas Kristen Krida Wacana Sutanto
This study introduces a modified electro-optical modulator (EOM) to enhance bipolar optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) in free-space optical (FSO) communication. The proposed system improves signal quality, spectral efficiency, and resilience to atmospheric turbulence. Unlike conventional dual EOM techniques, the modified EOM enables simultaneous transmission of ‘0’ and ‘1’ chip values, reducing multiple access interference (MAI) and enhancing system robustness. This approach optimizes bandwidth utilization and ensures stable performance in varying environmental conditions. Simulations were conducted in an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel using three spectral amplitude coding (SAC) schemes: modified M sequence, Walsh-Hadamard, and random diagonal (RD) codes. Results indicate that the modified EOM scheme significantly improves FSO system performance, achieving an average 47.1% lower minimum log of bit error rate (BER) in normal weather and 43.3% lower in extreme weather, ensuring superior noise suppression and signal integrity across varying environmental conditions. Additionally, the system maintains superior performance over longer distances, demonstrating its suitability for high-speed, long-range FSO applications. These findings highlight the potential of the modified EOM based bipolar OCDMA system in advancing next-generation optical wireless networks, offering a more efficient, interference-resistant, and high-capacity communication solution for future technologies such as 6G and beyond.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 857-870
Publish at: 2025-08-01
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