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Cognitive behavior therapy intervention on adolescents to decrease anxiety problem study: the role of serotonin

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.23739
Pandeirot Marjory Nancye , Amin Husni , Dian Ratna Sawitri
The existence of demands that occur simultaneously causes some adolescents to be unable to adapt properly, especially the condition of adolescents who experience changeable emotions, are unstable, easily stressed, feel anxious, depressed, and feel helpless. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is a form of psychotherapy that can be used for adolescent emotional problems. The purpose of this study is to prove that CBT interventions can increase serotonin levels and reduce adolescent anxiety levels. The research population is adolescents with anxiety problems in the city of Surabaya. The research sample is 32 respondents with techniques systematic sampling. Inclusion criteria include: i) adolescents aged 12–18 years, ii) experiencing mental emotional anxiety problems as measured by a score with self-reporting questionnaire (SRQ-29), and iii) being willing to participate in the research and get permission from parents. Data collection using an instrument in the form of a Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (TMAS). The data have been analyzed by the Wilcoxon test. The results show that there were significant differences in serotonin levels and anxiety levels before and after the intervention given CBT. The average value of serotonin levels in the posttest was higher than the pretest (p=0.001) and the average value of anxiety levels in the posttest was lower than the pretest (p=0.043) indicating that giving CBT interventions was able to significantly reduce anxiety levels. CBT interventions are proven to increase serotonin levels and reduce adolescent anxiety levels. By changing the form of thought and the resulting consequences, the intensity of the subject's anxiety decreases.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1679-1688
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Pre-clinical experiences among nursing students of reputable Islamic university in the capital city of Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.22874
Jamaludin Jamaludin , Mutiara Eka Rahmanda , Handono Fatkhur Rahman
Clinical trainings were employed in the nursing sciences in order to provide student’s experiences in applying nursing care according to the theory. They required to accomplish some competencies depending on their study levels. Students would also experience the possible barriers and challenge during clinical trainings. However, there were limited number of research which explored these experiences, especially in nursing students. This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing students in performing fundamental nursing pre-clinical activities. This research conducted qualitative study with phenomenological approach. This study involved 5 nursing students according to inclusive criteria. Data collection method used in-depth interview techniques. The obtained data were analysed further using Colaizzi test. The collected data identified six themes of student’s experiences, such as student’s understanding about pre-clinic, their experiences during preclinic, theoretical gaps with hospital procedures, some barriers in clinical practice, student’s expectation, and obtained support during pre-clinic trainings. Pre-clinical trainings allowed nursing students to gain various medical experience and knowledge regarding nursing care. They could implement and compare the nursing theory with actual conditions in the hospital and society living. This topic needed to assess further about the benefits of pre-clinic trainings.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1924-1929
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Nice couple, funny couple, happy couple: emotional intelligence, humor style, and relationship satisfaction

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24030
Niya Treza Sunil , Anasuya Jegathevi Jegathesan , Kususanto Ditto Prihadi
This study explores the interplay of emotional intelligence (EI), beneficial humor styles (BHS), and relationship satisfaction (RS) within romantic relationships. Drawing on the social exchange theory, it examines whether BHS mediate the relationship between EI and RS. Data was collected from individuals aged 18 to 65 in romantic relationships, and analyses were conducted using bootstrapping methods. Results reveal a significant positive direct effect of EI on RS. However, the mediation analysis suggests that BHS do not mediate the relationship between EI and RS, indicating that EI's impact on RS remains independent of humor styles. These findings underscore the distinct and substantial roles of EI and BHS in predicting RS. While both factors contribute to RS, they do so independently. This study enhances our understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing romantic relationship dynamics and highlights the importance of emotional intelligence and humor styles in fostering relationship satisfaction. Limitations include self-report measures and a limited age range, suggesting the need for further research to explore these dynamics across diverse populations.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1769-1774
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Influence of behavioral and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24510
Utane Hakaew , Chutikan Sakphisutthikul , Wongsa Laohasiriwong , Pittaya Thammawongsa , Roshan Kumar Mahato
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and its associated complications present a major health problem for the Thai people, including Buddhist monks. This study aimed to identify the influence of behavioural and genetic variables on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in middle-aged monks of Thailand. The study analyzed data from the health data centre of the Department of Public Health, Thailand, focusing on middle-aged monks in 76 provinces across 12 regions. The study recruited 6,408 Thai monks who met inclusion and exclusion criteria between October 2015-November 2019. Multivariable analysis was performed using a generalized linear mixed model, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals reported at a significance level of 0.05. Our study found that among the middle-aged monks of Thailand, 7.12% (95% CI: 6.49-7.78) had diabetes mellitus out of a total of 6,408. The results of our multivariable analysis showed that the following factors were associated with diabetes mellitus in monks of Thailand: respondents’ body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2 (AOR=4.26, 95% CI: 3.08-5.90, p-value <0.001), respondents with a family history of DM (AOR=3.37, 95% CI: 2.52-4.81, p-value<0.001), and respondent’s age ranges of 55-59 (AOR=2.87, 95% CI: 2.26-3.84, p-value<0.001), respectively. Diabetes millatus is significantly associated with the respondents who were obese, aged, and had a family history of DM. Therefore, a regular DM screening program as well as a timely health monitoring system for monks will enhance the diabetes control program in reducing the DM burden in Thailand.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1530-1537
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Knowledge and stigma of depression among adolescents in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24261
Rika Sarfika , Putri Indah Permata , Fitri Mailani , Nindy Eka Wijaya , I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin , Ferry Efendi
Depression is a prevalent mental health issue among Indonesian adolescents. Adolescents grappling with depression face various challenges, including exclusion, discrimination, educational difficulties, and violations of human rights. Limited knowledge about depression contributes to stigma, which impacts teenagers' reluctance to seek professional help. This study aimed to examine the correlation between adolescents' knowledge and the stigma of depression. Using a cross-sectional framework, this study involved 240 high school students from grades 10, 11, and 12. All participants completed and returned the requisite instruments. Knowledge about depression was assessed using the adolescent depression knowledge questionnaire (ADKQ), while the depression stigma scale (DSS) was used to gauge levels of stigma. The relationship between knowledge and stigma was analysed using the Spearman rank test. The findings indicate that the mean score for adolescents' knowledge about depression was 7.00 (SD=2.72), while the mean score for stigmatisation of depression was 42.02 (SD=8.43). A significant relationship between knowledge and stigma was observed (p<0.0001), characterised by moderate strength and a negative direction (r=-0.45). The study concludes that more excellent knowledge about depression among adolescents is inversely related to the level of the stigma they harbour. It is therefore recommended that mental health nurses in Community Health Centers enhance educational and counselling programs to inform adolescents about depression better. Collaboration between academic institutions and healthcare facilities, along with the development of school-based mental health programs, is imperative for reducing the stigma associated with depression among students.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1578-1588
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Cultural diversity and leadership styles in Malaysia’s corporate sector

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24427
Suriya Kumareswaran Vallasamy , Elilen Chandrapragasan , Harivanandan Muthu , Kartig Subramaniam , Deepakk Nair
In an era marked by globalization and heightened competition, this study delves into how sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, education, and work experience influence leadership styles, crucial for achieving organizational objectives. Employing the leadership behaviour questionnaire on 336 predominantly educated, male professionals of Indian descent in Malaysia's corporate sector, the research evaluates task and relationship orientations in leadership. The findings highlight a significant prevalence of both task-oriented and relationship-oriented leadership behaviours. Intriguingly, there is a positive correlation between higher education, age, work experience, and relationship orientation, while education and salary predominantly affect task-oriented leadership. A notable discovery is the positive interplay between task and relationship orientations, suggesting their complementary nature. The study concludes that a balanced, multifaceted leadership approach, fostering both efficiency and employee welfare, is vital. It underscores the impact of educational and professional growth on leadership skills and the necessity of diverse leadership styles for optimal organizational performance, offering key insights for leadership development in varied settings.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1888-1894
Publish at: 2024-12-01

A systematic review of multi-level intervention to enhance the quality of life patient with human immunodeficiency virus

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.23936
Gusti Ayu Krisma Yuntari , I Made Ady Wirawan , Ni Nyoman Sri Budayanti , Putu Eka Arimbawa
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are still challenges worldwide. Improvement in quality of life (QoL) is crucial for HIV-infected people. The QoL of HIV-infected patients has been improved by the use of multilevel interventions in various circumstances. This study evaluates the evidence for interventions that target the quality of life of persons with HIV. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA guidelines. Science Direct, the Cochrane Library database, and Pubmed were also searched. Three independent reviewers extracted the data. Searches were conducted for articles published from 2013 to 2023. Searching procedures and data abstraction techniques were standardized. The 27 research examined the effects of interventions on HIVinfected people's quality of life. China is the most frequently mentioned country in the 27 studies, appearing as the setting in 8 (29.6%). Following South Africa (14.8%), New York (11.11%) and Kenya (7.4%) were the next most often mentioned countries. For analysis purposes, the interventions used in the 27 reviewed studies were classified into three main categories: individual intervention, family-community intervention, and health service intervention. Significant intervention innovations in quality-of-life research combining several interventions, including individual, family, community, and health system intervention, show the most promising results
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1757-1768
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Family functions to increase breastfeeding self efficacy of adolescent primigravida

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.23956
Ratna Hidayati , Moch. Maftuchul Huda , Dhiana Setyorini , Wahyu Sri Astutik
Primigravida in adolescence will experience changes in situations that require the ability to adapt to pregnancy, thereby affecting their confidence in breastfeeding their babies. The function of the family is to help prepare the pregnant mother's needs to face the changes of pregnancy, prepare for childbirth and overcome difficulties in breastfeeding. This research aims to determine the function of the family in increasing breastfeeding self-efficacy of adolescent primigravida. Correlational research design, population and sample of 124 teenage primigravida respondents using total sampling technique. The independent variable family function was measured using the family assessment device (FAD) questionnaire and the dependent variable breastfeeding self-efficacy using the breastfeeding self-efficacy scale short form (BSES-SF) questionnaire which was analyzed using the Rho Spearman rank test. The research results showed that almost all respondents (90.3%) had healthy family functions and almost all respondents (83.9%) had high self-confidence. The statistical test results showed a significant p-value of 0.000 (α<0.05) with r=0.746. The function of the family in providing a sense of security and comfort creates a positive attitude among adolescent primigravida towards breastfeeding self-efficacy. Breastfeeding self-efficacy needs to increase breastfeeding success and prevent stunting.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1848-1854
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Components of basic feeding rule for infants aged 6-24 months: a scoping review

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24304
Fitri Haryanti , Fitriana Andarwati , Hani Risnawati , Lely Lusmilasari , Sri Hartini
Introducing complementary foods at six months helps supplement nutrients and address potential eating challenges in infants. Childhood eating difficulties can contribute to growth issues. This scoping review aimed to identify the components of feeding rules for infants aged 6-24 months. A systematic search of three electronic databases yielded 5,174 abstracts, with 18 complete articles assessed for eligibility. After eliminating 8 articles, 10 met the criteria. The feeding rules comprise three main components: schedule, environment, and procedure. Adhering to these basic rules can enhance a child's growth rate and reduce the risk of failure to thrive. Responsive feeding is closely linked to these rules, categorized based on feeding schedule, procedures, and environment. Hence, it is crucial for healthcare professionals to provide counseling on the fundamental principles of complementary feeding.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1938-1945
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Self-medication practices among customers at non-pharmacy outlets during COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24136
Yosi Irawati Wibowo , I Gusti Agung Ari Kusuma Yana , Gusti Ayu Putu Laksmi Puspa Sari , Bruce Sunderland , Adji Prayitno Setiadi
A cross-sectional study was performed to describe self-medication practices of customers at kiosks and minimarkets in District X, Indonesia, during COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. A sample of 98 customers from 67 kiosks, and 100 customers from 52 minimarkets were interviewed using a validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the findings. Most drugs purchased at kiosks and minimarkets were general sales drugs, i.e., analgesic-antipyretic (64.3% versus 46.0%); however, prescription drug sales were reported (3.1% vs 3.0%, respectively). Kiosk and minimarket customers purchased medications mainly based on the recommendations of non-health workers (69.4% vs. 34.0%, respectively), or electronic media (36.7% vs. 43.0%, respectively). The reasons to choose kiosks or minimarkets included accessibility, personal preferences, and service quality. Most kiosk/minimarket customers had knowledge on the drug brand names and indications, but only some knew the composition (8.16% vs. 29.0%, respectively) or side effects (9.18% vs. 35.0%, respectively). These findings indicated limited quality assurance on self-medication practices at non-pharmacy outlets.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 2024-2032
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Exclusive breastfeeding behavior based on physical endurance and economic resilience of the family

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24543
Titi Maharrani , Evi Yunita Nugrahini , Mohammad Dwinanda Junaedi , Evi Pratami
Breast milk is the best food for babies that can be given until the child is two years old or more, it is proven that breast milk has advantages that cannot be replaced by any food and drink because it contains the most appropriate, complete, and always adjusting nutrients with the baby's needs at all times. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between physical endurance and economic resilience of the family on exclusive breastfeeding behavior. This research was analytic research using a cross-sectional design. The sample of this research was 108 postpartum mothers who were taken by simple random sampling technique. The independent variables in this study were physical endurance and economic resilience, while the dependent variable was the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding. All data were collected using a questionnaire prepared by the researcher, and data were analyzed using a logistic regression test. Adequacy of food, housing ownership, and health insurance ownership are factors that influence exclusive breastfeeding behavior with a p-value <0.05. While 8 other indicators including nutritional adequacy, family health, resting place, income, income adequacy, children's educational ability, dropping out of school, and ownership of family savings do not affect exclusive breastfeeding behavior. Physical endurance relationship between the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding on the indicator of food adequacy and the factor of economic resilience affects the behavior of exclusive breastfeeding on the indicators of housing ownership and health insurance.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1841-1847
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Maternal hair lead and cytokine pro-inflammatory effects in preterm birth

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24146
Qonita Nur Qolby , Julian Dewantiningrum , Besari Adi Pramono , Nani Maharani , Eka Djatnika Nugraha , Muflihatul Muniroh
This case-control study analyzed the lead (Pb), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in pregnant women with preterm birth (PTB) in Central Java, Indonesia. Hair samples from 72 pregnant women were collected non-invasively. The prenatal exposure to Pb was determined with the total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) method. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The Pb concentration in hair was slightly higher in women with PTB than those without PTB; however, this difference was not statistically significant. An elevated hair Pb level was not associated with increased PTB risk (OR 24.69, 95% CI 0.93–653.82, p>0.05). A serum TNF-α level ≥27 pg/ml, a serum IL-6 level ≥9 pg/ml, and the spouse’s smoking frequency were significantly associated with increased PTB risk (TNF-α OR 42.25, 95% CI 5.26–339.61; IL-6 OR 22.33, 95% CI 3.12–158.54; spouse’s smoking frequency OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.09–1.5), while the maternal hemoglobin concentration significantly decreased PTB risk (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.2–0.927). This study demonstrates that maternal hair Pb concentration has no significant relationship with PTB. Serum TNF-α, IL-6, and the spouse’s smoking frequency potentially increased PTB risk, while the maternal hemoglobin level is a protective factor.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1826-1833
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Relationship between anxiety, loneliness, and sleep-disorders with social media addiction among adolescent

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24204
Rika Sarfika , Zahratul 'Alini , Randy Refnandes , Nindi Eka Wijaya , I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin
In the digital era, social media usage has become an integral part of daily life, particularly among adolescents. This study investigates the relationship between anxiety, loneliness, sleep disorders, and social media addiction among adolescents. A cross-sectional study involving 290 X and XI-grade students utilized standardized instruments: the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS/SRAS), UCLA Loneliness Scale Version 3, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Bivariate analysis was conducted using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Findings revealed 10.7% severe social media addiction, 21.4% severe anxiety, 4.8% significant loneliness, and 74.5% poor sleep quality. Significant associations were found between anxiety (p=0.013), loneliness (p=0.010), sleep disturbance (p=0.033), and social media addiction. Higher anxiety, loneliness, and poor sleep quality correlate with increased susceptibility to social media addiction among adolescents. This underscores the importance of addressing psychological well-being in interventions aimed at mitigating social media addiction.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1647-1655
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Associated factors of non-recurrence stroke among stroke patients in Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24342
Isaree Padphai , Wanida Sripromsa , Pawinee Sanchon , Duangruedee Chotklang , Wiphada Wijakkanalan , Nitchakarn Meelun , Arinrada Ladla
Stroke is a silent killer. Preventing the recurrence of strokes is therefore essential. This study investigated i) the level of health literacy to prevent the recurrence of stroke, ii) factors associated with not having a stroke, and iii) Associations between health literacy and recurrence of stroke. This cross-sectional analytical research was conducted with 240 samples. Multiple logistic regression was performed to describe the factors and associations recurrence stroke. The results showed that the majority of the samples had a problematic level of health literacy to prevent recurrence stroke (52.08%), and 35.84% had recurrence stroke. Factor: Not drinking alcohol was 6.11 times more than drinking (adj. OR=6.11, 95% CI: 4.88 to 10.04). There was no recurrence of stroke with statistical significance at the 0.05 level. High understanding skill 4.43 times (adj. OR=4.43, 95% CI=3.44 to 5.58), and high apply skill 3.67 times (adj. OR=3.67, 95% CI=2.44 to 8.18) than low and moderate levels. Statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Per findings, health literacy should be actively promoted to prevent stroke recurrence.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1515-1520
Publish at: 2024-12-01

Exploring fertility differentials between tea and ex-tea garden laborers of Assam

10.11591/ijphs.v13i4.24364
Lipika Kalita , Hari K. Choudhury
Addressing the issue of high fertility rates among tea garden laborers in Assam is critical due to its adverse effects on the health of both mothers and children, diminished investment in human capital, stunted economic growth, and exacerbated environmental challenges. To effectively tackle this challenge, we need to delve into two key questions: What perpetuates high fertility rates, and how can we mitigate them? The solution lies in a comprehensive analysis of the immediate and underlying factors influencing fertility. Fertility is a multifaceted demographic phenomenon influenced by both direct and indirect determinants. In this study, we investigate the impact of various proximate and distant factors on fertility among two groups: The tea garden labor community in Assam and the ex-tea garden labor community, comprising individuals who have transitioned to other forms of employment. Our research identifies significant factors such as wife's age at marriage, breastfeeding duration, educational attainment, family size, duration of married life, child mortality, respondent category, and wife's occupational status that affect fertility levels in Assam's tea garden community. The study's findings indicate the need for implementing targeted family planning and reproductive health education programs within tea garden communities. These programs should offer comprehensive information and resources to assist individuals in making informed decisions regarding family size and reproductive health.
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Page: 1855-1863
Publish at: 2024-12-01
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