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25,002 Article Results

Enhancing self-care adherence in tuberculosis patients through family support: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24749
Miftahul Falah , Tukimin Sansuwito , Regidor III Dioso , Faridah Mohd. Said , Lilis Lismayanti
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent and widespread chronic disease, posing a significant global health challenge and ranking as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Indonesia, in particular, bears the fourth-highest TB burden globally, especially within the South-East Asia (SEA) region. Alarmingly, TB incidence rates increased by 13% from 2020 to 2021. This research utilized a systematic review methodology, sourcing data from four reputable English databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Dimensions. Both quantitative and qualitative studies published in the last five years (2019-2023) were included. A comprehensive search strategy across the specified databases yielded a total of 1,201 articles. These articles underwent meticulous screening, resulting in six articles being deemed relevant for inclusion in the review. The inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the association between family support and self-care adherence among TB patients. The systematic review identified and analyzed these six pertinent articles, highlighting the pivotal role of family support in influencing TB patients’ adherence to self-care during treatment. Enhanced family support was found to correlate positively with improved adherence levels among TB sufferers. In summary, this literature review underscores the critical importance of family support in enhancing self-care adherence for individuals undergoing tuberculosis treatment. The positive correlation between robust family support and improved adherence levels emphasizes the influential role of the family unit in the overall well-being and treatment outcomes of TB patients.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 661-671
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes patients

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25569
Saida Fuad Shnaigat , Baha'a M. Abu Salma
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism indicators such as ferritin and transferrin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. Another goal of the current study is to draw the attention of the scientific and medical community to a very important issue regarding diagnostic and follow-up the diabetic patients which is the effect of iron status on HbA1c level. A cross-sectional study was conducted on (n=300) participants. The participant was assigned into three groups: the diabetes group (n=101), the prediabetes group (n=100), and the control group (n=99). A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and biochemical tests was applied. The results of the study found that there were significant differences in age among groups (p=0.05), with the diabetic group being younger than other groups. There is a direct positive relationship between HbA1c levels and ferritin (β=2%, p=0.001) and fasting blood sugar (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The findings also show an inverse relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and transferrin (β=0.1%, p=0.001), as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The study finding confirms a positive correlation between HbA1c with ferritin levels and a negative association with transferrin. Iron status in diabetes patients' treatment plans should considered while the interpretation of the HbA1c concentrations. In addition, diabetes patients' treatment plans should take ferritin level adjustment into account.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 898-903
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Determinants of anemia among adolescents girls in district Banggai, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.23992
Risma Risma , Veni Hadju , Andi Zulkifli , Healthy Hidayanti , Syamsiar S. Russeng , Apik Indarty , Yustiyanty Monoarfa , Mohammad Syakir
The problem of anemia among adolescent girl in Indonesia is still very high. Many factors cause anemia in adolescent girl. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and its determinants in Banggai district. The research design was cross-sectional, with a sample of adolescent girls aged 12–18 years (n=326). Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a Hemocue hemoglobinometer. The Chi-square test and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia was 48.8%, of which 44.0% had mild anemia and 48.4% had moderate anemia. From the bivariate analysis, anemia was significantly related to adolescent age, father's education, and eating habits (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression shows that the factors that most influence the occurrence of anemia are age OR=1.7 (95% CI OR=0.20-0.05) and eating habits OR=2.2 (95% CI OR=0.29-0.81). It was concluded that the prevalence of anemia was high in adolescent girls. Intervention steps are needed to improve the anemia status of adolescent girls in Banggai district.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1008-1014
Publish at: 2025-06-01

The therapeutic potential of Gua Sha on fascia: evidence and possible mechanisms

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25168
Beibei Wang , Hongxiu Chen , Wichai Eungpinichpong
In recent years, the effects of Gua Sha on fascia have gradually attracted attention. This review evaluates the effects of Gua Sha on fascia and its underlying mechanisms. We searched major academic databases for relevant studies using the keywords "Gua Sha or scraping," "fascia or pain or inflammation," and "randomized controlled trial (RCT)." Only RCTs published in English were included. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the methodological quality of the studies using the PEDro scoring scale. After applying the inclusion criteria, nine studies involving 436 participants were included in the final analysis. The methodological quality of the included studies varied, with PEDro scores ranging from 6 to 9. Research results suggest that Gua Sha may help relieve pain, reduce fascial inflammation, and increase flexibility. Potential mechanisms include improved blood and lymph circulation, neuromodulation, and mechanical stimulation. These results highlight the potential of Gua Sha as an alternative treatment for fascia-related problems. Further studies are needed to consolidate these findings and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 672-681
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Adaptation of parental expectation of children’s future scale in Indonesian version

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25209
Novia Solichah , Nur Ainy Fardana , Samian Samian
Parental expectations play a crucial role in shaping a child's developmental trajectory, serving as a primary motivator for the attainment of future aspirations. Researchers conducted a literature review on parental expectations toward their children, utilizing ten instruments developed in journal literature from 2008 to 2020. Of particular interest was the Parent Questionnaire containing the Chinese Parental Expectation on Child’s Future Scale (CPECF), it constitutes a fundamental framework for comprehending parental anticipations in the realm of child development. This study aimed to adapt and validate the PECF scale, employing established validation procedures endorsed by the International Test Commission. Initially, a cohort of 987 parents participated; however, after data cleansing procedures aimed at eliminating incomplete responses and ensuring accuracy, the analysis focused on 593 respondents. The participants’ ages ranged from 21 to 78 years, with a mean age of 35.93 years. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed 17 valid and reliable items. The model demonstrated a good fit. These findings suggest that the PECF scale effectively measures parental expectations, aligning with the original scale. It is anticipated that this scale will serve as a valuable tool for research concerning parental expectations in Indonesia, aiding in understanding and addressing the dynamics.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1040-1051
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Psychological distress and coping responses among occupational safety and health competent post-COVID-19 era in Malaysia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25010
Fauzah Rahimah Mohd Ali , Hafizah Pasi , Muhamad Arif Ibrahim , Raemy Mad Zein , Joy Khong Chooi Yee , Ruzita Mohd Shariff , Nur Alyani Fahmi Salihen
Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health challenges have emerged, highlighting the need to identify psychological distress and coping strategies, particularly among occupational safety and health (OSH) competent persons. This is a cross-sectional study measuring stress, anxiety, and depression levels while exploring coping mechanisms among OSH professionals in Malaysia during the COVID-19 recovery phase, using DASS-21 and Brief-COPE questionnaires. The findings indicate that chronic illness increases the risk of depression (p=0.005) and stress (p=0.047). Higher income is associated with greater risks of depression (p<0.001) and stress (p<0.001). Monthly expenses exceeding budget limits heighten the risk of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.024). Conversely, older age decreases the risk of both depression (p<0.001) and stress (p=0.001). Caring for family members affected by COVID-19 reduces depression (p<0.001) and stress (p<0.001). Having more monthly savings decreases the risk of depression (p<0.001) and anxiety (p=0.017). The study reveals that stress individuals prefer emotional focus coping (p=0.006). Addressing these factors is crucial for mitigating psychological distress among OSH professionals.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 779-789
Publish at: 2025-06-01

E-waste management in higher education institutions: insights and policy recommendations

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25020
Fredelino A. Galleto Jr. , Maricel G. Dayaday , Frediezel G. De Leon
Electronic waste disposal is a primary concern both on a national and global spectrum. The increased usage of information and communication technology and electronic devices among higher education institutions (HEIs) contributes to the annual generation of e-waste. HEIs are called to implement a sustainable scheme to curtail the environmental and public health threats brought by e-waste. Against this background, the recycling strategies of HEIs for discarded electronics were examined and evaluated as to its effectiveness and used as basis to develop policy recommendations for e-waste management. The interventions developed were met with general approval and positive response. The innovative products were perceived to be useful in serving their new purposes and reducing the problems of e-waste in HEIs. These findings provide valuable input for HEIs seeking to enhance their e-waste recycling practices. Existing legislation concerning e-waste was looked into, and policy recommendations that encouraged cooperation and shared accountability among key players and stakeholders were drawn up.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 919-926
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Electroencephalography and heart rate variability prognostics in mental health therapies for Malaysian workers

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25224
Nurnadiah Zamri , Samhani Ismail , Azimah Ismail , Norsuhaily Abu Bakar , Siti Nurani Hassan , Tuan Sharipah Tuan Hadi , Amir Zulhilmi Yahaya , Chong Siew Koon , Nor Azmi Abu Bakar
Globally, over a million individuals succumb to suicide annually, with depression contributing to 6.7% of these tragic deaths. Such crises often stem from life-induced pressures, escalating into severe mental health issues. Recognizing these early signs is pivotal, but insufficient without effective therapeutic measures. This study endeavors to address these challenges by exploring patient responses to therapy using electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) data. Conducted in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, the research involves workers and employs aromatherapy, deep breathing exercises, and ruqyah alongside a control group. EEG and HRV signals monitor brain wave patterns and heart rhythm coherence, aiding in identifying depression, stress, and anxiety indicators. Integrating questionnaire data including the depression-anxiety-stress-scale (DASS), beck depression inventory (BDI), beck anxiety inventory (BAI), and statistical analysis, the study aims to evaluate therapeutic efficacy in enhancing relaxation and mental well-being. Metrics like HRV coherence ratio and EEG delta wave activity offer insights into therapy optimization. Results suggest deep breathing exercises and aromatherapy as most effective in inducing calmness, followed by ruqyah. By tailoring therapy to individual needs, especially among workers, the study endeavors to foster mental health resilience in communities, paving the path towards a mentally healthier populace.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 760-772
Publish at: 2025-06-01

The influence of social media on Greek mothers’ attitudes and knowledge on breastfeeding

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24707
Katerina Mila , Eleni Tympa , Vasiliki Karavida
Recently, maternal breastfeeding in Greece has shown a positive trend. However, breastfeeding rates in Greece still lag behind those of other European countries. The participants of this quantitative study were recruited via social media and by personal connections. Data were gathered through questionnaire and analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics with SPSS 20. The study investigates: i) Trust levels among Greek mothers in social groups and their awareness of breastfeeding issues. ii) The impact of active participation in Greek parenting and breastfeeding support groups on Facebook on choosing and sustaining exclusive breastfeeding. iii) Whether engagement in social media groups positively influences the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and extends the overall breastfeeding period for infants. Out of the 776 participants, 727 were part of social media parenting groups. About 27.9% credited these groups for influencing their decision to breastfeed. Moreover, they perceived significant assistance from social media in staying well-informed about breastfeeding. The data collected confirms social media parenting groups positively influence breastfeeding mothers, enhancing knowledge, self-confidence, and deterring negative attitudes. This factor increases the likelihood of sustaining exclusive breastfeeding up to the recommended six months.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 652-660
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Stress, stressors, and stress management practices among public-school teachers

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24869
Jonathan Lapuz Mañas , Roel Sanchez Ang
Stress manifests differently among individuals in various circumstances, stemming from multiple sources. Teachers, in particular, encounter many stressors from personal and work-related domains. This study examines the stress levels of elementary, junior high school, and senior high school public school teachers within Congressional District IV of the Division Office of Nueva Ecija, focusing on everyday life stressors. Additionally, it investigates the stress management practices they employ for coping. The personal metrics of these teachers were analyzed to ascertain their significant relationship with stress levels. Data were randomly collected from 273 respondents through a questionnaire developed by Villamayor. The study unveils that public-school teacher experience slight stress levels and utilize diverse stress management techniques to tackle these stressors. However, the personal metrics of respondents were found to have an insignificant relationship with their stress levels. Nevertheless, the findings of this study pave the way for developing a comprehensive stress management plan to assist public school teachers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 818-826
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Exploring the relationship between personality traits and sexual harassment in Indonesian university students

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25312
Patria Rahmawaty , Zulkarnain Zulkarnain , Andra Ade Riyanto
Sexual harassment in educational institutions has long been a global concern. Various studies on sexual violence have been carried out, but research on personality, power, and moral disengagement, which are associated with sexual harassment behaviour among students in higher education, was still limited. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the influence of personality, power, and moral disengagement on sexual harassment behaviour among students in higher education. This research involved 403 students from 5 universities in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. We used structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis to test the influence of each variable. According to the research's findings, moral disengagement, and personality both have a direct impact on sexual harassment. In addition, moral disengagement has been proven to be able to mediate between power and sexual harassment. The results of this research provide important implications for public policy makers in higher education, practitioners, researchers, and the public in identifying factors of sexual harassment among students in higher education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1022-1030
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Demographic determinants of patronage of medicine hawkers by commercial vehicle passengers in Ghana

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24606
Joy Ato Nyarko , Kofi Osei Akuoko , Jonathan Mensah Dapaah , Nana Yaa Serwaa Akuoko , Egwolo Perpetual Iyengunmwena
Medicine hawking is one of the major public health problems of the global south. This present study examined the demographic determinants of patronage of the services of medicine hawkers among commercial vehicle passengers in Kumasi, Ghana. A cross-sectional study was carried out from February 2022 to March 2022 at major bus terminals in Kumasi. Data were descriptively and inferentially analysed. The survey revealed that 55% of the respondents had bought medicines from medicine hawkers before. There was a significant relationship between having bought from a medicine hawker before and the intention to buy from them again in the future. Also, age, religion and education contributed significantly to patronising the services of medicine hawkers. We recommend that government intensifies its public health education on the implications of seeking health care services from these medicine hawkers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 912-918
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Detection of COVID-19 based on cough sound and accompanying symptom using LightGBM algorithm

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i2.pp940-949
Wiharto Wiharto , Annas Abdurrahman , Umi Salamah
Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease whose diagnosis is carried out using antigen-antibody tests and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Apart from these two methods, several alternative early detection methods using machine learning have been developed. However, it still has limitations in accessibility, is invasive, and its implementation involves many parties, which could potentially even increase the risk of spreading COVID-19. Therefore, this research aims to develop an alternative early detection method that is non-invasive by utilizing the LightGBM algorithm to detect COVID-19 based on the results of feature extraction from cough sounds and accompanying symptoms that can be identified independently. This research uses cough sound samples and symptom data from the Coswara dataset, and cough sound’s features were extracted using the log mel-spectrogram, mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC), chroma, zero crossing rate (ZCR), and root mean square (RMS) methods. Next, the cough sound features are combined with symptom data to train the LightGBM. The model trained using cough sound features and patient symptoms obtained the best performance with 95.61% accuracy, 93.33% area under curve (AUC), 88.74% sensitivity, 97.91% specificity, 93.17% positive prediction value (PPV), and 96.33% negative prediction value (NPV). It can be concluded that the trained model has excellent classification capabilities based on the AUC values obtained.
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Page: 940-949
Publish at: 2025-05-01

A GRU-based approach for botnet detection using deep learning technique

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i2.pp1098-1105
Suchetha G. , Pushpalatha K.
The increasing volume of network traffic data exchanged among interconnected devices on the internet of things (IoT) poses a significant challenge for conventional intrusion detection systems (IDS), especially in the face of evolving and unpredictable security threats. It is crucial to develop adaptive and effective IDS for IoT to mitigate false alarms and ensure high detection accuracy, particularly with the surge in botnet attacks. These attacks have the potential to turn seemingly harmless devices into zombies, generating malicious traffic that disrupts network operations. This paper introduces a novel approach to IoT intrusion detection, leveraging machine learning techniques and the extensive UNSW-NB15 dataset. Our primary focus lies in designing, implementing, and evaluating machine learning (ML) models, including K-nearest neighbors (KNN), random forest (RF), long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU), against prevalent botnet attacks. The successful testing against prominent Bot- net attacks using a dedicated dataset further validates its potential for enhancing intrusion detection accuracy in dynamic and evolving IoT landscapes.
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Page: 1098-1105
Publish at: 2025-05-01

High-efficiency multimode charging interface for Li-Ion battery with renewable energy sources in 180 nm CMOS

10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i2.pp744-754
Hajjar Mamouni , Karim El Khadiri , Anass El Affar , Mohammed Ouazzani Jamil , Hassan Qjidaa
The high-efficiency multi-source Lithium-Ion battery charger with multiple renewable energy sources described in the present paper is based on supply voltage management and a variable current source. The goal of charging the battery in a constant current (CC) mode and controlling the supply voltage of the charging circuit are both made achievable using a variable current source, which may improve the battery charger’s energy efficiency. The battery must be charged with a degraded current by switching from the CC state for the constant voltage (CV) state to prevent harming the Li-Ion battery. The Cadence Virtuoso simulator was utilized to obtain simulation results for the charging circuit, which is constructed in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The simulation results obtained using the Cadence Virtuoso simulator, provide a holding current trickle charge (TC) of approximately 250 mA, a maximum charging current (LC) of approximately 1.3 A and a maximum battery voltage of 4.2 V, and takes only 29 minutes to charge.
Volume: 38
Issue: 2
Page: 744-754
Publish at: 2025-05-01
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