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28,451 Article Results

Thematic review of light detection and ranging and photogrammetric technologies in unmanned aerial vehicles: comparison, advantages, and disadvantages

10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3748-3758
Diego Alexander Gómez-Moya , Yeison Alberto Garcés-Gómez
The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has positively influenced various remote sensing techniques, making them more accessible to different types of users. Among these, photogrammetry and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) stand out for their versatility and possibilities in terrain modeling. This study evaluates the advantages of each one in various fields of knowledge and industry, comparing their possibilities in terms of positional accuracy, completeness, and efficiency in terrain modeling. It is evident that the use of these techniques in different areas generates an opportunity to implement algorithms or processes in mapping and cartography. Regarding their use, the advantage of the LiDAR sensor is identified in inhospitable and inaccessible areas covered by vegetation and with problems in the geodetic network. On the other hand, the versatility of photogrammetry is shown in small areas with exposed soil. The advantage of point cloud fusion or the combination of techniques in the construction industry and in archaeological and architectural surveys is also noted. Finally, emphasis is placed on variables to consider, such as georeferencing techniques, the ground control point (GCP) network, algorithms and software, and flight plan reviews, in order to improve their accuracy.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3748-3758
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Hybrid passive damping filter of single-phase grid-tied PV-micro inverter

10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3660-3682
Fouzey Salem Aamara , Praveen Kumar Balachandran , Yushaizad Yusof , Mohd Amran Moohd Radzi , Muhammad Ammirrul Atiqi Mohd Zainuri
Photovoltaic (PV) microinverter with inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) filter has many advantages, but it has resonance with the grid current situation could potentially lead to stability issues to enhance the power quality; reducing the grid current total harmonic distortion (THD) is crucial, as it currently exceeds the limits set by the IEEE power system standards. That improves the hybrid passive damping filter topology, which can perform better than the LCL output filter. The damping filter is effective in alleviating the resonance peak occurring at the resonant frequency of the LCL filter, thereby minimizing voltage overshoots and ringing; by utilizing smaller capacitors, the damping filter enhances system reliability while also reducing the cost and size of the LCL filter. Simulation research has been done to propose a hybrid passive damping filter using MATLAB/Simulink tools under both conditions, the steady-state and dynamic response. Simulation results indicate that the passive damping filter works well under both conditions with low THD compared to LCL and H-Bridge (H-B) filters. Many methods are used to solve the problem of high THD grid current. The passive damping filter method simplifies the PV microinverter. This study aims to achieve a high-efficiency PV microinverter by minimizing total power losses.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3660-3682
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Impact of integrating the concentrated solar power on the reliability of the Moroccan electricity system

10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3546-3555
Mohammed EL Fahssi , Taoufik Ouchbel , Smail Zouggar , Mohamed Larbi Elhafyani
In Morocco's electrical grid, the percentage of renewable energy used is rising. This growth can have significant impacts on the electrical system's ability to meet load because of unpredictable solar energy production. To evaluate the effects of concentrated solar power (CSP) generation and load evolution on the hierarchical level I (HLI: the capacity to cover the load on the premise of an endless node), this study is evaluating, by employing a Monte Carlo non-sequential simulation, decreasing the impacts on the ability and increasing the reliability of the Moroccan electrical grid. For that, we determine the CSP based on the hourly direct normal irradiation (DNI) for each site, the hourly conventional generation and the hourly load. Then we use these data as input elements in the Monte Carlo simulation to calculate the reliability indices like loss of load probability (LOLP), loss of load expectation (LOLE) and loss of energy expectation (LOEE).
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3546-3555
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Optimized fault detection in bearings of rotating machines via batch normalization-integrated bidirectional gated recurrent unit networks

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3334-3342
Sujit kumar , Manish Kumar , Chetan Barde , Prakash Ranjan
Motor is commonly used in industrial applications. Although motors are frequently found to have bearing problems, this causes a serious safety risk to industrial production. Traditionally, fault diagnostics methods often required only signal processing techniques and are ineffective. To overcome this problem, deep learning (DL) has been recently developed rapidly and achieved remarkable results in fault diagnosis. The intelligent fault diagnosis and classification of rolling bearing faults based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and batch normalization (BN), principal component analysis (PCA) based stacked bidirectional-gated recurrent unit (Bi-GRU) neural network, is proposed in this paper. BN is introduced to improve the fast convergence of gated recurrent unit (GRU). EEMD is applied to eliminate the noise interference from the vibrational signal, and then important features are selected using the correlation coefficient value. Next, PCA is utilized for dimensionality reduction to retain only the essential. Finally, the BN based stacked Bi-GRU model is developed to classify faults based on extracted features. The proposed model correctly classifies the different types of faults in real operating conditions and also compared with existing techniques.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3334-3342
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Fuzzy proportional-integral controlled unified power quality conditioner for electric vehicle charging grids

10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3527-3535
Sumana S , Tanuja H , Supriya J , Shruti R Gunaga
In power system one of the major concerns is the power quality (PQ) issues due to the presence of non-linear loads. At present electric vehicles (EV’s) are highly desired for mobility but it has challenges related to power quality. EVs are primarily charged either from the grid or renewable sources like photovoltaic (PV) cells, which function as direct current (DC) grids. However, the growing number of EV’s can introduce disturbances in voltage and harmonics in current. This has necessitated a user-friendly method to rectify these imbalances. The uniqueness of this work is that, the investigations are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the PV powered unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) in resolving the disturbance created by EV charger and dynamic load both in grid connected as well as in off grid mode of operation in standard IEEE 14-bus microgrid model distribution system. The approach of intelligent fuzzy-proportional-integral (fuzzy-PI) controller in regulating the performance of the PV powered UPQC is another novel approach. Case studies based on the performance of UPQC is done for various scenarios of EV charger and its performance is compared with conventional PI controller. Simulations are carried out in MATLAB2017b software package.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3527-3535
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Internet of things-based water quality monitoring design to improve freshwater lobster farming management

10.11591/ijece.v15i4.pp3717-3726
Muthmainnah Muthmainnah , Iva Khuzaini Khasanah , Farid Samsu Hananto , Arista Romadani , Imam Tazi , Agus Mulyono , Mokhamad Tirono
The development of lobster farming requires careful water quality monitoring to ensure optimal growth and health. This study introduces a novel internet of things (IoT)-based water quality monitoring system designed specifically for lobster farming applications, operating on the Antares IoT platform. The system incorporates pH, temperature, and turbidity sensors to measure critical water quality parameters. The sensors were calibrated and validated using standard methods, yielding high accuracy, with average values of 98.74% for pH, 98.78% for temperature, and 98.56% for turbidity. The study also involved direct monitoring over five days, with pH values ranging between 8-10, temperatures between 23-27°C, and stable turbidity at 90-99 NTU. The novelty of this system lies in its ability to provide real-time, reliable data and predictive analysis to support effective water quality management in lobster farming. Unlike traditional water quality monitoring systems that lack real-time data analysis or predictive capabilities, this system integrates both monitoring and forecasting features, allowing for more proactive management. Additionally, it offers higher accuracy and lower sensor drift compared to older, manual water quality monitoring methods. Experimental results indicate that the proposed monitoring system can deliver accurate and reliable data, supporting optimal farming conditions. These findings align with and expand upon existing literature, offering a more integrated and efficient solution for real-time and accurate monitoring in lobster farming.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3717-3726
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Fine-tuning bidirectional encoder representations from transformers for the X social media personality detection

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3395-3403
Selvi Fitria Khoerunnisa , Bayu Surarso , Retno Kusumaningrum
Understanding personality traits can help individuals reach their full potential and has applications in various fields such as recruitment, advertising, and marketing. A widely used tool for assessing personality is Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI). Recent advancements in technology have allowed for research on how personalities can change based on social media use. Previous research used machine learning methods, deep learning methods, until transformers-based method. However, these previous approaches must be revised to require extensive data and a high computational load. Although transformer-based methods like bidirectional encoder representations from transformers (BERT) excel at understanding context, it still has limitations in capturing word order and stylistic variations. Therefore, this study proposed integrating fine-tuning BERT with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) consisting of vanilla RNN, long short-term memory (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit (GRU). This study also uses a BERT base fully connected layer as a comparison. The results show that the BERT base fully connected layer approach strategy has the best evaluation results in class extraversion/introversion (E/I) of 0.562 and class feeling/thinking (F/T) of 0.538. then, the BERT+LSTM approach strategy has the highest accuracy for the intuition/sensing (N/S) class of 0.543 and judging/perceiving (J/P) of 0.532. 
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3395-3403
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Broiler meats tenderness prediction using near infrared spectroscopy against non-linear predictive modelling

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp2713-2723
Rashidah Ghazali , Herlina Abdul Rahim , Syahidah Nurani Zulkifli
Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a non-invasive analytical technique known for its ability to assess the quality attributes of meat products. However, the linear models utilized, partial least square (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) achieved unsatisfactory performances of meat physical attributes prediction. Hence, in this research, for its inherent advantages in modelling nonlinear system, artificial neural network (ANN) is augmented to the components of PCR and PLS. Through the augmentation, the principal component neural network (PCNN) and latent variable neural network (LVNN) models are developed. From the results obtained, it shows that PCNN and LVNN successfully surpassed their respective linear versions of PCR and PLS by 70% higher shear force prediction performances. The LVNN proved to achieve the best prediction in breast meat with root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of 0.0769 kg and coefficient of determination (RP2) of 0.8201 whilst for drumsticks, RMSEP=0.1494 kg and RP2=0.8606. NIR spectroscopy technology integrated with machine learning yields a promising non-invasive technique in predicting the shear force of intact raw broiler meat.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2713-2723
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Hybrid forecasting methods across varied domains-a systematic review

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp2601-2612
Malvina Xhabafti , Valentina Sinaj
Time series forecasting is one of the links that has developed since early times due to risk management, efficient allocation of resources, performance evaluation, strategic planning, and the formulation of effective policies for individuals, organizations, and societies. Forecasting models have evolved steadily by hybridizing statistical and neural network techniques ensuring efficiency and accurate predictions. In this paper, a systematic review of the literature was made through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) methodology, highlighting the domains that mostly use hybrid techniques by defining the ones with the highest frequency of implementation in each domain we predefined. During the selection process from the 4 selected databases, 2251 works were taken into consideration, of which 25 were the ones that were included in the review process through various filtering steps and exclusion criteria. Ongoing, we defined four main categories where we presented each paper individually by briefly explaining the underlying data, the proposed hybrid forecasting approach and the evaluation performance metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). In a summary table, we highlight the most used hybrid methods for each domain, concluding which of the statistical and deep learning methods are mostly applied in the specified domains.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2601-2612
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Child-friendly e-learning for artificial intelligence education in Indonesia: conceptual design

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp2622-2633
Dwijoko Purbohadi , Joko Santoso
Due to the widespread use of smartphones, most children in Indonesia are now engaged in playing video games. To make these games more exciting and challenging, video game manufacturers often incorporate artificial intelligence (AI). While various studies have highlighted the benefits of playing video games for children, this research has revealed some significant negative impacts that need to be addressed, as they can affect children's prospects. One of the major detrimental effects is the growing negative perception towards robots and AI, with concerns that they will replace human jobs. To counteract these negative impacts, educational institutions in Indonesia need to proactively plan and prepare for the consequences of gaming through formal learning. Given Indonesia's vast territory, consisting of islands, and its large population, it is crucial to implement appropriate learning technology. This article presents the architectural design of a child-friendly e-learning system that focuses on teaching children about AI. The design considers the available technology in Indonesia, based on our experience. The child-friendly e-learning model for AI education is expected to cultivate an interest in learning about technology, thus diverting children's attention from video game addiction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2622-2633
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Efficient lung disease classification through luminescent feature selection using firefly algorithm

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3099-3108
Anjugam Shanmugavelu , Arul Leena Rose Peter Joseph
Over the past couple of decades, there has been a substantial increase in the prevalence of lung ailments, resulting in 3.5 million fatalities each year. This necessitates the adoption of a lung disease detection technology that is effective, trustworthy, and cost-effective. In this study, we propose an optimized convolutional neural network (CNN) model, used for multiclass categorization of lung ailments based on frontal chest X-rays. The classification includes four categories: COVID-19, viral pneumonia, lung opacity, and non-infectious normal group. We implemented the firefly algorithm to optimize the global efficiency of feature selection of the lung abnormality in the X-ray images of lung disease and COVID-19 to classify the input according to the target class. The proposed algorithm was tested for accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The findings were validated using the transfer learning model VGG-16; the algorithm achieved a superior accuracy of 99.3% compared to that of other cutting-edge models such as Inceptionv3 and ResNet50.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3099-3108
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Human sentiment analytics using multi model deep learning approach

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3241-3252
Anil Kumar Muthevi , Maganti Venkatesh , Pallavi Gaurav Adke , Rajashree Tukaram Gadhave , G L Narasamba Vanguri , Thiruveedula Srinivasulu
For assessing human beings, the measurement of willpower and human emotions plays an important role because human beings are emotional creatures. Emotional analysis, also known as sentiment analysis, is the process of using natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning to determine the emotions expressed in text, speech, or other forms of communication. However, critical emotional analysis is limited to human interactions only. Human emotional artificial intelligence or Human sentimental analytics, a sub domain of NLP seeks to improve this understanding. The Present study develops a model using multi model deep learning approach which is capable of efficiently understanding human emotions and their intentions, closely mirroring human cognition. By extending emotional analysis beyond the traditional limits, this model will collect broad ranging data to uncover clear and hidden emotional details. The primary objective of this paper is to build highly effective model which provides in-depth insights into human emotions, leading to logical conclusions depending on all available factors and reasons. The necessary input data for the current study will be collected from audio-visual media covering a vast range of audio and visual samples.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3241-3252
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Classification of Tasikmalaya batik motifs using convolutional neural networks

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3287-3299
Teuku Mufizar , Aso Sudiarjo , Evi Dewi Sri Mulyani , Agus Ahmad Wakih , Muhammad Akbar Kasyfurrahman , Luthfi Adilal Mahbub
This paper presents a study on the classification of traditional Tasikmalaya batik motifs using convolutional neural networks (CNN). The experiments revealed that the high complexity of batik motifs significantly impacted model performance, as the handling of each class influenced the overall results. Initial experiments with the original dataset demonstrated suboptimal performance, characterized by accuracy and validation curves indicating overfitting, with only 75% accuracy achieved at a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 32, and 50 epochs. To enhance performance, we implemented data segmentation, data augmentation, optimized the choice of the best optimizer, utilized an optimal architecture, and conducted hyperparameter tuning. The best-performing model was trained on data subjected to specific preprocessing for each class, using the Adam optimizer with hyperparameter tuning set to a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 32, and 50 epochs. In the hyperparameter tuning experiment with the visual geometry group network (VGGNet) architecture, it was shown that there is an improvement in the prediction of the kumeli class, achieving an accuracy of 100%.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3287-3299
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Optimized data security and storage using improved blowfish and modular encryption in cloud-based internet of things

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp2667-2675
Saritha Ibakkanavar Guddappa , Sowmyashree Malligehalli Shivakumaraswamy , Naveen Ibakkanavar Guddappa
The increasing development of the internet of things (IoT) has made cloud-based storage systems essential for storing, processing, and sharing IoT data. Ensuring cloud security is crucial as it manages a large volume of sensitive and outsourced data vulnerable to unauthorized access. This research proposes an improved blowfish algorithm and modular encryption standard (IBA-MES) for secure and efficient data storage in cloud-based IoT systems. The block cipher structure in IBA enables scaling for different data sizes, ensuring secure data handling across a wide range of IoT devices. Additionally, IBA-MES adaptability helps maintain data integrity, enhancing both the security and efficiency of data storage in cloud-based IoT environments. Modular encryption standard (MES) reduces latency during encryption operations, ensuring quick data transactions between the cloud server and IoT devices. By combining blowfish’s speed and strength with modular encryption’s adaptability, IBA-MES provides robust data protection. Metrics such as execution time, central processing unit (CPU) usage, encryption time, decryption time, runtime, and latency are calculated for the proposed IBA-MES. For 700 blocks, the IBA-MES achieves encryption and decryption times of 270 and 415 ms, respectively, outperforming the triple data encryption standard (TDES).
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2667-2675
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Personalized virtual reality therapy for children with autism spectrum disorder

10.11591/ijai.v14.i4.pp3444-3451
Ahlam Belmaqrout , Btihal El Ghali , Najima Daoudi , Abdelhay Haqiq
The treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has often relied on broad therapeutic approaches that may not meet each individual's specific needs. This research highlights the importance of personalized therapy to address the unique sensory and emotional requirements of autistic children. We explore recent advances in therapeutic technologies, focusing on serious games and virtual reality (VR) as promising tools in this field. Our proposed solution is a VR application designed to provide a personalized, relaxing experience for children with autism. The application is tailored to accommodate individual preferences and sensory sensitivities, adjusting visual and auditory stimuli to reduce sensory overload and promote emotional regulation. This personalized approach aims to help children manage anxiety and stress more effectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3444-3451
Publish at: 2025-08-01
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