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31,377 Article Results

Enhancing road damage detection performance using the YOLOv9 model

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp616-624
Muhammad Farkhan Adhitama , Sutikno Sutikno , Rismiyati Rismiyati
Roads are essential infrastructure that support community mobility, and their condition significantly impacts road user safety. However, manual road damage detection remains inefficient, time-consuming, costly, and prone to human error. To address this issue, this study proposed the YOLOv9 model for automated road damage detection and explored parameter combinations to optimize its performance. The proposed solution leverages the YOLOv9 model, which offers enhanced detection speed and accuracy compared to previous YOLO versions, due to its improved backbone and dynamic label assignment techniques. The method uses pre-trained weights and performs parameter tuning to adapt the model for identifying common road defects, including potholes, longitudinal, lateral, and alligator cracks. A publicly available dataset of road condition images was used for training and evaluation. Experimental results demonstrated that the optimized YOLOv9 model achieved a mean average precision (mAP) of 62.8%, indicating a promising ability to detect multiple types of road damage accurately. This study highlights the potential of YOLOv9 as an effective tool for road monitoring systems, contributing to proactive maintenance strategies and more efficient infrastructure management.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 616-624
Publish at: 2026-06-01

When web apps heal themselves: a MAPE-K based approach to fault tolerance and adaptive recovery

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp729-740
Sales G. Aribe Jr. , Rov Japheth G. Oracion
Ensuring the reliability and resilience of modern web applications remains a critical challenge due to increasing system complexity and dynamic runtime environments. This study proposes a modular self-healing framework based on the monitor–analyze–plan–execute over a shared knowledge base (MAPE-K) model, integrated with an AutoFix-inspired mechanism for adaptive fault recovery. Using a design and development research (DDR) approach, the system was implemented and evaluated through controlled fault injection experiments across twenty runtime failure scenarios, including service crashes, memory leaks, and database disconnections. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved a mean fault detection F1-score of 90.7% and a recovery success rate of 93.2%. The AutoFix module reduced the average time-to-recovery (TTR) by 56.2%, achieving an average recovery time of 3.92 seconds. System throughput was maintained between 88% and 95% during fault conditions, with only a 3.1% increase in response time. Additionally, iterative feedback mechanisms improved recovery efficiency by 18.6% over multiple cycles. These findings indicate that the proposed framework provides a practical and extensible approach to enhancing fault tolerance in web applications through feedback-driven adaptation. While the current implementation relies on predefined recovery strategies, the integration of learning-oriented feedback establishes a foundation for future development of more autonomous self healing systems.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 729-740
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Android mobile 3D augmented reality engineering devices design using marker-based technique

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp683-698
Mohamad Azim Ibrahim , Murizah Kassim , Jasni Mohammad Zain , Suhaili Beeran Kutty , Marina Mohd Yusoff , Barokah Isdaryanti , Farid Ahmadi , Nor Syazwani Mohd Pakhrudin
Engineering teaching and learning utilizing using augmented reality (AR) technologies is crucial with new technology adaptation. This study has developed an Android mobile based augmented reality of engineering device (ARED) with description using marker-based technique. Unity 3D, Vuforia, and Blender Animation were used to design 3D models of engineering devices on AR platforms. ARED is used to scan a marker and display an AR 3D model of engineering devices with its information. Ten engineering devices models were created using Blender Animation Tools and exported to Unity 3D which are Ups Power, Infrared Thermometer, Cisco Router, Multi meter, Poe Switch, Clamp Meter, Power Supply, Arduino Uno, Raspberry Pi and Oscilloscope. ARED mobile app is successfully tested which presents users can interact with the 3D model using touch input to enhance their learning experience. Result presents user’s evaluation analysis at 86.2% of ARED’s effectiveness and impact for future education. The technical analysis shows that ARED can handle the optimum distance range between 35 to 100 cm, operation angle is best between 45 and 135 degrees and occlusion average maximum of 55%. The significance of the research is to improve the quality and process of engineering education by using AR and promotes the learning society’s transition to digital learning with mixed reality in engineering, which creates a borderless learning environment.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 683-698
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Physics-informed reinforcement learning for adaptive high-frequency injection in encoderless low-voltage PMSM drives

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp873-884
Surendar Aravindhan , Manoharan Kavitha , J. Karthika
It is difficult to control permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives running at extra-low voltages with encoderless control because the back-EMF signal to estimate rotor position is weak, and this requires the injection of high-frequency (HF) signals. Traditional methods use constant or manually tuned injection levels, and these tend to cause large torque ripple, inaccurate estimation when under dynamic loading, and an inability to counteract parameter drift. The paper is related to the issue of online optimal HF injection amplitude choice in the encoderless 48 V PMSM drives and proposes a physics-inspired reinforcement learning (PIRL) system. This is aimed at obtaining the right low-speed positioning and reducing the torque ripple and power losses on different operating conditions. The suggested approach incorporates directly into the reinforcement learning reward terms the PMSM electromagnetic voltage equations, which restrict exploration to physically consistent space and enhance stability in the learning process. The PIRL agent is trained in a deep deterministic policy gradient architecture in a MATLAB/Simulink-Python co-simulation environment, based on which the PIRL agent adjusts the injection amplitude of HF in real time. Simulation outcomes show that the suggested methodology reaches approximately four times faster convergence with conventional reinforcement learning and reaches up to 65 percent of torque ripple reduction without a disturbed position estimation when operated in a speed range of 0-500 rpm. The findings show that physics-informed learning offers an efficient and energy-saving solution to adaptive encoderless control in extra-low-voltage PMSM drives, which has better resilience to changes in parameters with a low computational cost.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 873-884
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Mitigating gender bias in STEM study field classification using GRU and LSTM with augmented dataset technique

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp447-455
Devi Fitrianah , Sarah Safitri , Nadzla Andrita Intan Ghayatrie
This study examines gender bias in artificial intelligence (AI), focusing on the classification of high school students into science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and non-STEM fields. Using Indonesian student Computer Science Department, BINUS Graduate Program – Master of Computer Science, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, 11480 data, conditional variational autoencoder (CVAE) and multilabel synthetic minority over-sampling technique (MLSMOTE) were employed for data augmentation to mitigate bias before training gated recurrent unit (GRU) and long short-term memory (LSTM) models for prediction. The combination of MLSMOTE and GRU demonstrated superior performance, achieving accuracies of 93% for female students and 94% for males. These results indicate that MLSMOTE and GRU effectively predict fields of study while addressing gender bias. The findings contribute to advancing fairness in AI systems for education and beyond, ensuring equitable opportunities across diverse applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 447-455
Publish at: 2026-06-01

A mHealth adoption model for diabetes self-management: patient-centered insights from UNRWA clinics

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp553-564
Saleem Mohammad Faraj , Haw Yuan Kang , Raja Rina Raja Ikram , Lizawati Salahuddin
This study develops and validates a mobile health (mHealth) adoption model to enhance diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in UNRWA primary healthcare clinics across Palestinian refugee camps. This study fills a gap in research on mHealth adoption in low-resource settings by combining the technology acceptance model (TAM), task-technology fit (TTF), and self-efficacy theory (SET). A descriptive, cross-sectional design was employed using a structured, validated questionnaire administered to 503 T2DM patients. Reliability analysis yielded high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.808–0.966). Structural equation modeling (SEM) using SPSS and AMOS validated the model fit, evidenced by a comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.941 and a root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) of 0.048. Out of the eleven factors that were examined, Perceived Usefulness had the most positive impact on self-care management (β = 0.67, p < 0.001), while Task Requirement had the least. Notably, Perceived Self-Efficacy showed no significant effect on behavior (p > 0.05). These findings highlight usability, usefulness, and tool functionality as central to promoting mHealth use. The validated model can be modified for other chronic disease settings in comparable healthcare environments and provides practical advice for creating patient-centered mHealth interventions.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 553-564
Publish at: 2026-06-01

A novel Lucas-based adaptive sampling optimization for enhancing network lifetime

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp607-615
Kanaka Raju Rajana , Shanmuk Srinivas Amiripalli
This paper introduced to enhance network lifetime using a novel Lucas based adaptive sampling methodology by sampling network condition to dynamically modifying sampling intervals using the Lucas sequence, this sequence not only used for sampling but also used to modify data collection, optimizing accuracy and energy efficiency. This technique aims to reduce superfluous data transmissions and conserve network resources by monitoring network utilization and adjusting sample with low medium and high rates. We enhance the network performance and longevity using Lucas based technique via simulation and demonstrating its potential. This may effectively approach novel address to challenges associated with constrained networks, particularly in the domain of IoT and wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 607-615
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Designing a flutter-based community recipe mobile application

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp707-718
Nik Ahmad Uzair , Zarina Che Embi
This study focuses on developing a cross-platform mobile application for community-based recipe sharing, addressing the increasing role of mobile technology in daily life. Although recipe apps are globally popular, their adoption in Malaysia remains limited. The proposed application aims to fill this gap by providing users an interactive platform to explore, share, and try new recipes within a cooking-focused community. Key features include personalized recipe suggestions, and an intuitive, easy-to-use interface designed for all devices, enhancing user engagement and promoting community interaction. A background study is conducted to understand the existing landscape and user needs. It is followed by a design phase, which will lay the groundwork for addressing the identified challenges. Based on the insights gained from the background study and design outline, a mobile application is developed, aligning with the analyzed requirements and system design. This paper reports on the design and usability evaluation of this study. Based on the design guidelines, it has been found that this application could provide an intuitive and seamless user experience. Future works include the integration of smart kitchen features and personalized machine learning for better user experience.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 707-718
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Designing self-healing database fabrics for real-time payment rails

10.11591/ijece.v16i3.pp1360-1368
Raghu Gollapudi
Real-time payment platforms operating at scale face an unforgiving operational reality: even brief outages translate directly into failed transactions, regulatory exposure, and eroded customer trust. Database replication and failover automation have matured considerably over the past two decades, yet a troubling blind spot remains. Recovery frameworks built for general-purpose distributed systems were never designed with settlement finality in mind, and that design omission leaves payment operators exposed to split-brain scenarios that generic high-availability tooling cannot reliably prevent. This paper addresses that omission head-on through a self-healing database fabric purpose-built for payment rail environments. The proposed autonomous resilience fabric architecture (ARFA) operates across three coordinated layers: a continuous monitoring layer that harvests telemetry from compute, storage, and network subsystems; a decision layer that fuses rule-based heuristics with an ensemble of isolation forests, recurrent neural networks, and gradient boosting classifiers to separate genuine fault conditions from transient noise; and a deterministic action layer that executes recovery procedures anchored to explicit settlement finality constraints. In fault injection trials covering node crashes, network partitions, replication lag, and performance degradation, the architecture cut average recovery times by 88% against manual baselines, restoring service in roughly 8 seconds rather than the 180 seconds that human-driven remediation typically requires. False positive rates held below 2% across all failure categories, and the system achieved a 98% recovery success rate. Taken together, these results make a practical case that autonomous resilience and regulatory compliance reinforce rather than conflict with each other when the regulatory constraints are designed in from the start.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1360-1368
Publish at: 2026-06-01

A critical review of information retrieval techniques: current trends and challenges

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp456-464
Sanket D. Patil , Zahir Aalam
The realm of information retrieval is witnessing transformative advancements, driven by the integration of deep learning techniques, specialized algorithms, and domain-specific applications. Information retrieval systems play an important role in many applications including in the Artificial Intelligence powered systems that can be seen in many applications. Information Retrieval, generally, acts an important task in the knowledge discovery phase of any query based intelligent system. This paper presents a comprehensive review by conducting a detailed analysis of the technological nuances, dataset specifications, and pivotal findings. This detailed review has been done with the special emphasis on the kind of technology used to achieve accurate information retrieval, domain of the study, and the system’s ability to retain or work with tables and figures, among other parameters. Navigating through the rich tapestry of methodologies, the paper underscores the pivotal role of deep learning frameworks in revolutionizing traditional retrieval paradigms. Furthermore, it sheds light on the innovative integration of textual information, algorithmic advancements, and specialized datasets to enhance the efficacy and granularity of information retrieval mechanisms.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 456-464
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Advanced machine learning for enhanced abdominal organ segmentation

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp759-768
Rohini Pawar , Rohini Jadhav , Rohit Jadhav
This research evaluates the ResUnet model’s performance in using computed tomography (CT) images to segment various abdominal organs. Weak boundaries, computing efficiency, and anatomical diversity are the current obstacles in abdominal multi-organ segmentation. By merging residual networks with U-Net, ResUnet overcomes obstacles by increasing precision and effectiveness, which qualifies it for use in medicine. The model’s effectiveness was assessed on a number of organs, and the segmentation accuracy was measured using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC). The ResUnet model’s ability to precisely segment organs with distinct borders was proved by its exceptional accuracy in segmenting important organs, such as the liver (mean DSC: 0.880) and spleen (mean DSC: 0.830). However, the model struggled to separate the esophagus correctly (mean DSC: 0.000) and struggled with smaller and more complex organs like the pancreas (mean DSC: 0.429) and gallbladder (mean DSC: 0.143). These results highlight the method’s limitations when handling organs with asymmetrical shapes or hazy borders.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 759-768
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Real-time emotion prediction system using big data analytics

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp869-879
Manpreet Kaur Dhaliwal , Rohini Sharma , Rajbinder Kaur
Emotions are an inseparable part of human existence. Emotions have a big impact on the success and failure of the human race. Comprehending human emotions could prove beneficial in creating improved systems for education, security, market sales, production, healthcare and other areas. Big data analytics applied to streamlined real time emotion sensor’s data can give new insights to anticipate stress before it arises and help in making significant choices that improve people's quality of life. This work proposes a framework for big data management and analysis of GSR sensor’s data in real-time for predicting emotions in human participants. Supervised learning techniques, ensemble boosted tree, neural network, Naïve Bayes, support vector machine, decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, and quadratic discriminant analysis are applied to the collected data. Two distinct criteria have been utilized for testing on real-time data one is trained on all participant data, resulting in a generalized system, while the other is trained on participant-specific data, resulting in a personalized system. Hence, the personalized system achieves an accuracy of up to 80.64% across all classes and 100% for binary classes as compare to generalized system achieves 78.12% accuracy. It is concluded that for the purpose of predicting emotions, the personalized model performs better than the generalized model.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 869-879
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Mobile device application design for ThingSpeak interface using flutter

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp850-860
Moehammad Sauqy Ihza Zuliandra , Tigor Hamonangan Nasution , Ainul Hizriadi
The rapid development of internet of things (IoT) is prompting many people to design applications, particularly for monitoring applications based on mobile apps. This includes research designs to monitor electrical parameters from PV and the development of health monitoring applications. Previous research required a separate application to scan each IoT device. In this research, a mobile app-based IoT monitoring system was built using flutter. With this, people no longer need to design separate mobile apps for various IoT devices. This application utilizes the flutter framework, while the cloud component uses ThingSpeak. These research results show that data from multiple IoT devices can be transferred to the user’s mobile app. This application enables the monitoring of various IoT devices through a single mobile app, thereby enhancing the efficiency of IoT device design and management.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 850-860
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Coastline segmentation on Landsat 8 OLI images using majority voting with deep learning models

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp588-596
Nur Nafiiyah , Salwa Nabilah , Nur Azizah Affandy , Rifky Aisyatul Faroh , Esa Prakasa
Coastlines are highly dynamic due to both natural processes and anthropogenic factors, including global warming and sea level rise. Accurate coastline segmentation is essential for effective monitoring and management. Although previous studies have applied deep learning for coastline detection, many existing models still suffer from instability across scenes, blurred boundaries, and segmentation artifacts, indicating that model generalization remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a more robust coastline segmentation approach by introducing an automated majority voting strategy that integrates three deep learning models: ResNet50, ResNet18, and MobileNet-V2. Landsat 8 OLI imagery is used for training and testing. The Jaccard index results show that ResNet18, ResNet50, and MobileNet-V2 achieved scores of 0.96, 0.98, and 0.95 respectively, while the proposed majority voting method also achieved 0.98. Despite the producing a similar numerical score to the best individual model (ResNet50), the ensemble method improves segmentation consistency by reducing artifacts such as unwanted peripheral shapes and cracks within land areas. These findings demonstrate that combining multiple segmentation outputs yields more stable and reliable coastline detection than using single models. Future work will apply this approach to broader Indonesian coastal regions to further assess its generalizability across diverse shoreline conditions.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 588-596
Publish at: 2026-06-01

MLP-DT: a deep learning model for early prediction of diabetes and thyroid disorders

10.11591/ijict.v15i2.pp778-788
Aouatef Chaib , Ouahiba Djama , Sabar Messaoudi
In this paper we present an intelligent and automated system for controlling diabetes and thyroid disorders. This system is designed to self-diagnose autoim mune diseases as early as possible in order to treat them quickly and thus slow down or stop their progression and thus provide a tool for self-control of dis eases. Our system is based on deep neural networks (DNNs), it contains several layers and it is classified as multi-layer perceptron (MLP). The proposed model called MLP model for early prediction of diabetes and thyroid disorders (MLP DT)uses a set of biomedical variables, allowing the system to formulate person alized treatment recommendations. To improve diagnostic accuracy and facili tate early screening, the system also incorporates machine learning techniques. The optimization in MLP-DT is provided by the adam optimizer algorithm, it is always applied to adjust the weights of the three hidden layers and the output layer (Sigmoid or Softmax). Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed MLP-DT model achieves reliable predictive performance and supports effective early screening of diabetes and thyroid disorders. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed approach as an intelligent decision-support tool for personalized healthcare and preventive medicine.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 778-788
Publish at: 2026-06-01
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