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29,922 Article Results

Constraint length inflation in fixed high rate convolutional codes and their impact on performance of O-IDMA

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp837-844
Ravi Prakash , Ajay Kumar Maurya , Rakesh Kumar Maurya , B. B. Tiwari
To cope up with the higher data rate existing in modern communication systems multiple access technologies has been investigated OIDMA (optical interleave division multiple access technology) is one of the prominent technology use to fulfill this demand. Convolutional codes used in OIDMA systems enhance the performances and reduces the bit error rate of the system. In the present paper, the convolutional codes with increasing number of memory elements are used, the constraint length which depends on number of memory elements are increased with a systematic manner and their combined effect on response of OIDMA system has been observed. Tree inter-leavers in taken into account for analysis purpose and BER with increasing number of users is plotted in graphical and tabular manner.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 837-844
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Characterization of the koch fractal hexagonal loop frequency selective surface for X-band application

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp878-886
Nur Biha Binti Mohamed Nafis , Mohamad Kamal Bin A. Rahim , Osman Bin Ayop , Huda Bin A MAjid , Sunti Tuntrakool
This paper presented the bandstop Koch fractal hexagonal loop frequency selective surface (FSS) for the X-band application. The simulated transmission coefficient response (S_21) had been obtained by using CST software. The proposed Koch fractal hexagonal loop FSS structure is highly insensitive towards angular stability and also incident polarization up to 60 degree , with deviation of resonant frequency,  f_r below than 1%. The parametric analysis on the effect of the periodicity, width, and height of the fractal FSS structure on the S_21 has been illustrated and discussed thoroughly.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 878-886
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Load power and energy management system using proteus visual design software

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1044-1052
Chitra Venugopal , Thershen Govender
At present, there is a serious energy crisis around the globe which impacts greatly on the power grid. A smart and user friendly energy management system can control the energy consumption. In this paper, load power and energy management system is developed and simulated using Proteus Visual Design software.  The load analysis and measurement techniques are developed for single phase and three phase loads and implemented using Arduino Mega 2560 board.  User friendly controls are developed using the visual design feature of the software to control the energy consumption. The load power management system is simulated by measuring the power consumed by various residential loads such as lights, fans, air-conditioners, heaters. The industrial loads are simulated by squirrel cage induction motor. The load analysis summary is displayed on the Arduino 2.8 inch TFT display shield in a table format. The simulaion model is created for future hardware implementation and is tested under various practical input conditions. The Proteus Visual Design software is chosen in this resesarch due to its advantages such as professional PCB layout package, availability of nearly 800 microcontrollers in the library package etc.The developed model successfully measured the energy consumption of several loads and assist the user in controlling the energy usage through automation control techniques. The accuracy of the results shows that the technique and the model developed in this research can be used by engineers, students and hobbyists who are working with energy monitoring systems and smart home applications directly. This is an ongoing project where in the next stage, the hardware design of the simulation model will be implemented and tested in real time application.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 1044-1052
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Electrical breakdown and chemical properties of polypropylene/calcium carbonate nanocomposites

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp563-568
A. Azmi , K. Y. Lau , N. A. Ahmad , Z. Abdul-Malek , C. W. Tan
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is an inorganic material which has been introduced in polymeric insulation to improve the thermal and electrical properties of insulation. In this research, a comparative study was performed between unfilled polypropylene (PP) and PP nanocomposites containing 5 wt% of CaCO3 nanofiller. The electrical breakdown performances of unfilled PP and nanocomposites were investigated. The chemical content of the material was carried out using fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The findings showed that the introduction of CaCO3 to the PP altered the chemical bonding of the material, where two additional characteristic absorption bands appeared in the FTIR spectra of PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites. In addition, PP/CaCO3 nanocomposites had slight changes on the AC breakdown strength compared to unfilled PP. Meanwhile, the DC breakdown performance of the nanocomposites was apparently lower than that of unfilled PP. These were attributed to the agglomeration of CaCO3. 
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 563-568
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Online social network relationships influenced on a retweeting

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1037-1043
Iman K. Abbood , Saad Talib Hasson
Social network users spending a lot of time to post, search, interact and read the news on blogging platforms. In this era, social media is becoming a suitable place for discovering and exchanging new updates. However, Common social media helps the user to share his news online by a one-click. The ease-of-use leads to present novel breaking news to show up first on micro blogs. Twitter is one of the well-known micro blogging platforms with more than 250 million users, in which retweeting is a manageable way to share and sawing news. It is significant to foretell the retweeting and influence in a social relationship. The Correlation Coefficient formula has been used to determine the level of correlation between a user and his retweeters (followers, friends, and strangers) in social networks. Such correlation can be reached by utilizing the collected user information on Twitter with some features which have a main effect on retweet behavior. In this study, the focus is on particular friends, followers, and a retweet to be the promising source of relationships between users of social media. Experimental results based on twitter dataset showed that the Correlation Coefficient formula can be used as a predicting model, and it is a general framework to gain better fulfillment in calculating the correlation between the user, friends, and followers in social networks..  Their influence on the accuracy in predicting a retweet is also accomplished.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 1037-1043
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Circuit-based grounding electrode considering frequency dependence for different input current

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp613-618
Ruqayyah Othman , Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
This paper presents a simulation work of circuit-based grounding electrode considering frequency dependence of soil parameters for three input currents which are impulse, AC 50 Hz, and DC. The circuit parameters were determined by using Dwight and Sunde equations where a single horizontal grounding electrode was considered. Scott model was used for the frequency dependent model, to determine the frequency dependent soil resistivity and relative permittivity. It is found that the voltage response of the impulse current was highly affected (75.2%) by the frequency compared to the voltage response of AC 50 Hz and DC. The impulse current response also gave the lowest peak in the analysis by the influence of frequency which make it better compared to the two other inputs. Therefore, it can be concluded that the frequency dependent of soil parameters is crucial and need to be considered in the transient analysis for any kind of input current to obtain accurate results.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 613-618
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Method to implement K-NN machine learning to classify data privacy in IoT environment

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp985-990
Qahtan Makki Shallal , Zaid Alaa Hussien , Alaa Ahmed Abbood
Internet of Things technology allows many devices to connect with each other. The interaction could be between humans and devices or between devices itself. In fact, the data are traveling between the devices through the media within the boundary, and it could be traveling outside the boundary when it required to be analyzed or stored in the cloud through the internet. Due the transmission media and internet, the data are vulnerable to attacks. Thus, the data need to be encrypted strongly for the purpose of protection. Usually, most of the encryption techniques will consume computer resources. In this work, we divide the data that are used in the IoT environment into three levels of sensitivity which are low, medium and high sensitive data to leverage the computer resources such as time of encryption and decryption, battery usage and so on. A framework is proposed in this work to encrypt the data depends on the level of sensitivity using the machine learning K nearest neighbors (K-NN).
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 985-990
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Reduction cost and energy consumption for LED smart lighting street technology in Iraq

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp662-669
Jabbar K. Mohammed
The idea of replacing the old lighting system with energy-efficient ones has been given excessive attention, particularly in the territorial and Arabic world. This move is significant for its helpful effects on both the economy and the environment, especially in Iraq which smarts from light-related problems. It correspondingly aids the light distribution offices as it will save them from several light generation troubles and their effects on the hours of electrical power supply. The light consumers will also benefit from reduced bills due to approximately 50% reduction in power consumption by the energy-efficient system. The energy-efficient lighting system has replaced the traditional technical lighting owing to its energy saving capability and environmental friendliness. These problems would enhance the use of efficient energy programmer to reduce energy consumption as the world switches to the use of renewable energy. This study presents the use of modernized lighting system with an emphasis on its economic and environmental benefits. The results are applied by MATLAB version17b prototypical is built to evaluate the behavior of smart lighting street technology and renewable energy to reduce cost and energy consumption. During the study, 100 modernized LED electric lamps of 150W capacity were used to replace 100 high pressure sodium (HPS) lamps of 400W. The economic cost of the replacement was calculated based on the price of the LED lamps compared to those of the HPS lamps. The environmental impact was determined by calculating the global cost of the electrical energy consumed by the LED lamps compared to those consumed by the HPS lamps in Iraq.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 662-669
Publish at: 2020-11-01

A high performance grid connected PV system based on HERIC transformerless inverter

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp602-612
Essam Hendawi
This paper presents an effective single phase grid connected photovoltaic PV system based on High Efficiency and Reliable Inverter Concept HERIC transformerless inverter. Dc-dc boost converter controlled by incremental conductance IC maximum power point tracker MPPT is employed to achieve the maximum extraction power of the PV panels. Proportional integral PI controller controls the output voltage of the boost converter to meet the utility grid requirements. LCL filter is utilized to keep the inverter voltage very close to sinusoidal shape. Employing the HERIC transformerless inverter reduces significantly the ground leakage current beyond safe limits. Semiconductors losses are studied to investigate the efficiency of the proposed system at different insolation levels. Simulation results verify the high performance of the proposed system when considering leakage current and system efficiency.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 602-612
Publish at: 2020-11-01

A comprehensive study on smart cities: recent developments, challenges and opportunities

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp575-582
V. Sandeep , Pallavi V. Honagond , Pooja S. Pujari , Seong-Cheol Kim , Surender Reddy Salkuti
This paper presents the importance and applications of smart cities in view of taxonomy in urbanization particularly in Asia and Africa economies. It describes the characteristics and architecture of smart cites and reviews on the recent technological developments. The paper analyses the social impacts due to up-gradation of existing cities. The implementation goals like policies and standards are still in progressive state. The international organizations like IEEE, ISO, IEC etc are focused in this emerging area and prepared road map for successful deployment of technologies in cities. In this way of development, there are some interesting challenges like visualization, integration, privacy etc, need to be addressed with specific and innovative solutions. The paper highlights the opportunities in developing and governance of smart cities.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 575-582
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Leakage current signal parameter of various surface roughness conditions of field-aged polymer insulators

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp638-645
A. Din , M. A. M. Piah , A. R. Abdullah , N. Norddin , F. S. Abdullah
This paper presents the signal parameter of leakage current based on various surface roughness degradation conditions for field-aged high voltage polymer insulators. The arithmetical mean of surface roughness is measured accordingly, and also the surface leakage current signal is captured effectively using data acquisition device via the electrical stress test. With the variation of field-aged insulators ages which include 6-year, 12-year and 18-year, they have been mechanically tested using a surface roughness tester along with electrical testing by using the standard method of inclined plane test. The surface roughness data are recorded meanwhile the leakage current signals are further analyzed using Spectrogram to extract the signal parameter. These include the instantaneous root mean squared current, the instantaneous total harmonic distortion, the instantaneous total non- harmonic distortion and the instantaneous total waveform distortion. From the results of the comparative study, it has shown that the statistical quantity of leakage current signal parameters is responding in an increasing trend with respect to the incremental of the surface roughness. Thus, the signal parameters of the leakage current are able to indicate the degradation conditions of insulator surface.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 638-645
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Human face recognition methods based on principle component analysis (PCA), wavelet and support vector machine (SVM) : a comparative study

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp991-999
Eman A. Gheni , Zahraa M. Algelal
Human face Recognition systems are increasingly gaining more importance and can be utilized throughout many applications like video surveillance, Security, human-computer intelligent interaction, etc. this paper presents performance comparison between three feature extraction techniques for an automatic face recognition system. In the first step, we benefit from wavelet Transforms, principal component analysis (PCA) and combining Wavelet with PCA as feature extracting methods. After feature vectors generation, linear and nonlinear support vector machines (SVM) are usually used for implementing the classification or recognition step. These methods are compared on accuracy in an ORL database for face recognition applications including 400 images of 40 people.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 991-999
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Economic power dispatch for an interconnected power system based on reliability indices

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp777-787
Falah Abodahir Athab , Wafaa Saeed Majeed
Reliability indices are always one of the most important factors in the  power systems. In this paper, the problem of the economic load dispatch (ELD) and the problem of economic emission load dispatch (CEELD) have been improved taking into account reliability indices. That is, the problem and reliability of ELD are proposed as  combined economic load dispatch reliability (CELDR) and the problem CEELD is suggested as (CEELDR). In solving CELDR and CEELDR problems, tried to use power generators in a very reliable way to save system load, as well as minimum fuel and emission costs. In this effort, the ELD of power plants is successfully implemented in a single system containing 6 generating units, taking into account the reliability and emissions of the system with and without system power loss, inequality and inequality constraints, and valve point effects using the exchange market algorithm (EMA). The results suggest that reliability indicators in ELD can be used to create greater reliability in providing consumers with uninterrupted power.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 777-787
Publish at: 2020-11-01

A comparative study of hyperspectral unmixing using different algorithm approaches

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp813-821
Ain Zat Mohd Yusof , Redzuan Abdul Manap , Abdul Majid Darsono
Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) is an important technique for remotely sensed hyperspectral data exploitation. Hyperspectral unmixing is required to get an accurate estimation due to low spatial resolution of hyperspectral cameras, microscopic material mixing, and multiple scattering that cause spectra measured by hyperspectral cameras are mixtures of spectra of materials in a scene. It is a process of estimating constituent endmembers and their fractional abundances present at each pixel in hyperspectral image. Researchers have devised and investigated many models searching for robust, stable, tractable and accurate unmixing algorithm. Such algorithm are highly desirable to avoid propagation of errors within the process. This paper presents the comparison of hyperspectral unmixing method by using different kind of algorithms. These algorithms are named VCA, NFINDR, SISAL, and CoNMF. The performance of unmixing process is evaluated by calculating the SAD (spectral angle distance) for each endmembers by using same input of hyperspectral data for different algorithm.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 813-821
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Acehnese traditional clothing recognition based on augmented reality using hybrid tracking method

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1030-1036
Ahmad Ihsan , Nurul Fadillah , Chicha Rizka Gunawan
Aceh's traditional clothing is cultural heritage in Indonesia. In today's, the problem faced is the lack of media to introduce cultural heritage in Aceh. Therefore was formed a media which could recognition Acehnese traditional clothing using Augmented Reality technology. Augmented Reality technology is used to users can add virtual objects to real environments. In this research, the method used is the Hybrid Tracking method, a Hybrid Tracking method is a combination tracking system of two or more tracking techniques, hybrid tracking is used to get a better tracking system and to get tracking speeds based on better distances. The results showed that the reading of markers by the cameras was greatly influenced by distance, light intensity, marker angle, and size of the device's RAM. The closest distance from the marker to the camera that can display 3D objects is 20 cm while the farthest distance cannot display 3D objects is 100 cm. And the angle of reading the marker is only around 0° an angle of 45°. The average distance that can detect markers is 0.5 m, the average time that can be detected is 0.068 sec, and the average speed obtained is 7.505 m / sec.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 1030-1036
Publish at: 2020-11-01
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