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29,922 Article Results

A proactive metaheuristic model for optimizing weights of artificial neural network

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp976-984
Ali Hakem Alsaeedi , Ali Hussein Aljanabi , Mehdi Ebady Manna , Adil L. Albukhnefis
This paper proposes the  Particle Swarm Optimization model for enhancing the performance of an Artificial Neural Network. The learning process of Artificial Neural Network requires a long time to satisfy requirements because of processing complexity of the backpropagation algorithm that has been used in training Artificial Neural Network. It is a nonlinear complex model that can be used to configure and train an artificial neuron system. Both Artificial Neural Network and Particle Swarm Optimization model have been managed to solve and optimize several nonlinear models. Heuristic optimization weight of artificial neural network (HNN) is a proactive metaheuristic model proposed to optimize the performance of Artificial Neural Network. The proposed system applies Particle Swarm Optimization to find the optimum weights of the Artificial Neural Network instead of using the Backpropagation algorithm. Experimentally, the proposed system has required less processing time (average of 76.91 Sec.) than Backpropagation (average of 93.32 Sec). Furthermore, It has provided better classification accuracy (start from 80% to 97.20%) comparing with  Backpropagation (start from 75.32% to 94.32%).
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 976-984
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Low power design of ultra wideband PLL using 90 nm CMOS technology

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp727-735
Fadhilah Binti Noor Al Amin , Nabihah Ahmad , Siti Hawa Ruslan
The rapid growth of the electronic system has become one of the challenges in the high performance of very large scale integration (VLSI) design and has contributed to the evolution of phase locked loop (PLL) system design as one of the inevitable and significant necessities in the modern days. This design focus on the development of PLL system that can operate at a high performance within the ultra-wideband (UWB) frequency but consume low power that may be useful for future device implementation in the communication system. All proposed sub modules of PLL is highly suitable for low power and high speed application as each of them consumes overall power consumption around 2 µW until 1 mW with frequency from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. All the design architecture, schematic, simulation and analysis are implemented using Synopsys Tool in 90 nm CMOS technology. Through the overall analysis, it can be concluded that this proposed sub modules design of the PLL system has better performance compared to previous work in terms of power consumption and frequency.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 727-735
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Arduino based outing and attendance system for boarding school students

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1053-1061
Matthew Khoo Kah Wen , Nabihah binti Ahmad , Siti Hawa binti Ruslan
The continuous flourishing of boarding schools in Malaysia have prompted a need for the development of outing systems that can manage the outing activities of students whilst ensuring their safety and security. In this project, a smart outing and attendance system that accurately records the details of all students and their respective outing activities is proposed. The development of this system via the XAMPP platform allows the information regarding students’ outing activities to be saved in an online database, whereby it is closely monitored and managed by the school authorities. Students who attend authorized outing activities have to scan their student ID card at an RFID reader which is installed at the main entrance of the school compound, where the information regarding their departure and arrival time at the school will be transmitted via an Arduino controller to the database. At the same time, this system sends a notification in the form of a WhatsApp message to the phone number of all the students’ parents. The system is a well-rounded approach to adequately manage the outing activities of students as each activity has to be registered beforehand with its implementation undergoing strict monitoring by the school authorities.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 1053-1061
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Compare encryption performance across devices to ensure the security of the IOT

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp894-902
A.YU. Pyrkova , ZH.E. Temirbekova
The internet of things (IoT) combines many devices with various platforms, computing capabilities and functions. The heterogeneity of the network and the ubiquity of IoT devices place increased demands on security and privacy protection. Therefore, cryptographic mechanisms must be strong enough to meet these increased requirements, but at the same time they must be effective enough to be implemented on devices with disabilities. One of the limited devices are microcontrollers and smart cards. This paper presents the performance and memory limitations of modern cryptographic primitives and schemes on various types of devices that can be used in IoT. In this article, we provide a detailed assessment of the performance of the most commonly used cryptographic algorithms on devices with disabilities that often appear on IoT networks. We relied on the most popular open source microcontroller development platform, on the mbed platform. To provide a data protection function, we use cryptography asymmetric fully homomorphic encryption in the binary ring and symmetric cryptography AES 128 bit. In addition, we compared run-time encryption and decryption on a personal computer (PC) with Windows 7, the bluetooth low energy (BLE) Nano Kit microcontroller, the BLE Nano 1.5, and the smartcard ML3-36k-R1.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 894-902
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Decentralize power sharing control strategy in islanded microgridsDecentralize power sharing control strategy in islanded microgrids

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp752-760
Mubashir Hayat Khan , Shamsul Aizam Zulkifli , Erum Pathan , Elhassan Garba , Ronald Jackson , Haider Arshad
Droop control technique is one of the renowned techniques which does not need any communication connection between distibuted generations (DG), hence the cost, as well as the reliability of the microgrid (MG) system can be reduced. MG is operated in two modes as their functionality and structure is concern. These are the grid connected or islanded (stand-alone) mode. DGs operating values may have different ratings of voltage, power and line impedance. The power sharing in these operatng conditions is not shared equally by all DGs connected in the system and also during load changes conditions power sharing accuracy is difficult to achieve. In this paper, a droop power control is used to balance the power sharing in islanded mode. As from the results, the active power sharing is equally shared from all DGs connected in the microgrid system. However, reactive power sharing accuracy always disturbed when there is impedance mismatch among the different DG feeders. The accuracy is done by monitoring the effects when load changes for low load to high load or vice versa. The proportional integral (PI) controller has been used to minimize the reactive power errors. At the end, the power droop is capable to share power accurately and results prove the stability and reliability of the proposed technique.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 752-760
Publish at: 2020-11-01

An efficient traffic contention and control mechanism to improve QoS in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp968-975
Kavitha Ganesh , P. Latchoumy , A. Sonya
Heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSN) gathers information from a cooperative network. In HWSN, the sensor nodes are scattered and the major challenges are topology control, battery optimization, packet loss and link lifetime. The existing techniques do not concentrate on all the mentioned issues. The objective of this work is to provide congestion-free data transfer with higher throughput and increased packet delivery ratio. In the proposed methodology, three protocols are designed and developed, namely, hop by hop rate adjustment protocol (HHRA), energy efficient data transfer protocol (EEDT) and alternative routing congestion control protocol (ARCC). The HHRA protocol senses the traffic in the channel and adjusts the transmission rate accordingly to avoid congestion. Secondly, the EEDT protocol is used to find specific nodes that are more efficient and transfer packets through those nodes to improve throughput. The ARCC protocol is used to redirect the path of transmission during the occurrence of congestion. Thus, the proposed traffic contention and control mechanisms ensures congestion free transmission and increases the packet delivery ratio by 23% and average throughput by 20% compared to the dynamic contention window based congestion control (DCWCC) algorithm. 
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 968-975
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Control of a variable speed asynchronous wind turbine dedicated to isolated site

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp627-637
Taoufik Ouchbel , Smail Zouggar , M. L. Elhafyani , Mohammed Mokhtari , Mohamed Oukili , Fatima Zahra Kadda
This paper focuses on the study of the asynchronous generator self-excited during operation in isolated mode. It concerns the analysis of a robust control of the asynchronous machine in order to improve the quality of the electrical energy produced in different environmental circumstances, and to promote the use of renewable energies in rural areas to improve education, the supply of drinking water, livestock and agriculture, access to information and communication. The present work concerns the description and modeling of the various mechanical parts of the wind turbine. It also tackles the steady-state and transient modeling of the asynchronous generator under self-excitation conditions. The practical results and the simulation ones have shown the influence of the self-excitation capacity on the output quantities of the wind system (voltage, current and torque) in vacuum and under charge (resistive and inductive). In the case where the asynchronous wind turbine is connected to a network, it imposes amplitude, waveform and frequency. But in the case of isolated sites, the asynchronous machine has a low power factor, what means it requires reactive energy. To correct this irregularity, we can improve the power factor by using variable capacitors. The excitation current (reactive power) must be permanently supplied according to the load connected. This requires an intelligent system that regulates the electrical energy produced. 
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 627-637
Publish at: 2020-11-01

A variant of hybrid conjugate gradient methods based on the convex combination for optimization

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp1007-1015
Basim Abbas Hassan , Ahmed Obeid Owaid , Zena T. Yasen
On some studies a conjugate parameter plays an important role for the conjugate gradient methods. In this paper, a variant of hybrid is provided in the search direction based on the convex combination. This search direction ensures that the descent condition holds. The global convergence of the variant of hybrid is also obtained. Our strong evidence is a numerical analysis showing that the proposed variant of hybrid method is efficient than the Hestenes and Stiefel method. 
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 1007-1015
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Mathematical analysis of cost function and reliability condition for new proposed multilevel inverter topology

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp654-661
D. Karthikeyan , K. Vijayakumar , D. Senthil Kumar , Daki Krishnachaitanya
In this paper cost function and reliability analysis of classic novel symmetric multilevel inverter topology has been presented. Cost function and reliability analysis are the economical factors of the effieciency of an inverter, this made the intrest in this area.cost function deneotes the cost of the inverter based on the power flow, reliability explain the mean time failure propotional to the life span. Firstly the cost function of the novel topology has been proposed using mathematical calculation using various current rating and the results are validated compared with exiting topology. Secondly reliability approach is used to evaluate the reliability of the switch with respect to the failure rate and mean time period of the switch using fedis and markow reliability analysis equations and the results are evaluated for all the switches present in the topology. And the results are the compared with the conventional multilevel inverter, cost function and reliability analysis of the proposed multilevel inverter.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 654-661
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Reliable data transmission: An IoT health-based paradiam

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp924-931
Dalal Abdulmohsin Hammood , Mahmoud Shuker Mahmoud , Ahmed Alkhayyat , Hasliza A. Rahim , R. Badlishah Ahmad
A WBAN can be spread over a person's body, so; posing, dressing, moving of muscles, degree of heat of bodies as well as weather changes in general affect connections among sensors as well as desired point. Secondly, information collected via every sensor can be connected to a person's course of life; so, it can be considered as significant to guarantee that the collected information ought to be given to desired point competently. In this work, a critical cooperating communicating protocol to WBAN established on information has been suggested, called critical data transmission using transmission mode selection (CD-TMS) method established for the architecture of star topology. In the beginning, we performed a studying, also we established a system model can be looked at according to channel los of path, effective transmitting possibility, as well as the out of work time possibility. Thirdly, relaying selecting can be used accompanied by CD-TMS, that lets just the most successful relaying take part in cooperating in a spread manner. Simulating as well as numeral outcomes illustrate that CD-TMS has the ability to develop the performing of a network under common terms comparing with direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA as well as benchmark.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 924-931
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Capacitance-based microfluidic device for early ammonia detection in river water

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp761-767
Muhammad Muhaimin bin Ramli , Mohd Ridzuan bin Ahmad
This paper proposes a design of a microfluidic device for early detection of ammonia in river water based on capacitance measurement. A microfluidic device is designed and simulated to measure the content of ammonia in river water by using the COMSOL finite element analysis (FEA) software. This paper describes the system in detail from the conceptual idea to the hardware implementation. The microfluidic device works by inserting the sample of water into the device to be tested. A pair of electrodes is connected to the electrical circuit and the value of the capacitance of the water sample is measured. The tested samples are normal river water and contaminated river water which have ammonia in it. Several investigations have been done via the simulation, i.e. the size of the electrode, the difference in water flow gap, the distance between the electrode, speed of the water and the capacitance of the water. The results show that the proposed microfluidic design is capable to detect ammonia inside river water under 2 ppm concentration.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 761-767
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Smart home appliances scheduling considering user comfort level

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp593-601
Hui Ming Hoe , Md Pauzi Abdullah
Smart home appliances scheduling, employing optimization optimization algorithms to reduce utility costs, is gaining traction under the introduction of time-of-use tariffs and the development of internet of things (IoT). The prior electricity cost reduction scheduling algorithms, however, causes substantial discomfort to users for restricting users from using the appliances at their desired times. To address the problem, a novel versatile systematic method is proposed by pricing the mismatch of proposed schedule with users’ usage preference pattern to quantify discomfort, coupled with comfort-cost weight factor. The method employing customizable user preference patterns, user-perceived pricing of mismatch and user-specified comfort-savings weightage, not only captures the complex dependence of comfort to individual preference, but the evolution with time by continuous user survey. The proposed method, formulated to be simple enough to be applied on an Excel spreadsheet, demonstrates substantial reduction of electricity cost and users’ discomfort simultaneously. Studies on the algorithm found it to be robust against of fluctuations of parameters, with optimization performance comparable to prior work. The work demonstrates that despite the complex nature of comfort to users’ behaviors and perception, simple pricing surveys can be used to accurately quantify, compare and optimize users’ comfort together with economic savings. 
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 593-601
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Effects of soil profile on the transient performance of substation grounding system

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp870-877
Zulkurnain Adul Malek , Mohammad Shahrin Affendy Yaman , Muhammad Adnan
Lightning transient characteristic of the grounding grid is fundamental for optimum performance of lightning protection of a substation. In order to design an appropriate grounding system for such substation, it is important to study its transient characteristics because the high impulse current is significantly different compared to power frequency current. In this paper, substation grounding grid model was developed using CDEGS software to analyze the grid transient performance in terms of ground potential rise (GPR), touch voltage and step voltage when the grounding system is struck by a lightning impulse current. Several parameters, such as lightning current amplitude, feed point and the number of sub-grids, were altered to study their relationship with the transient performance. The maximum transient GPR, touch voltage, and step voltage increase as the lightning current amplitude increase. The maximum transient GPR and step voltage are the highest at the corner of the grounding grid while the maximum touch voltage is the highest at the centre of the grounding grid. In addition, the maximum transient GPR and step voltage decrease when the number of sub-grid increases. In contrast, the touch voltage slightly increases as the number of sub-grid increases. The maximum transient GPR, and step voltage are the highest at the 2-layer and the lowest at the uniform soil or single-layer soil.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 870-877
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Adaptive random testing with total cartesian distance for black box circuit under test

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp720-726
Arbab Alamgir , Abu Khari A’ain , Norlina Paraman , Usman Ullah Sheikh
Testing and verification of digital circuits is of vital importance in electronics industry. Moreover, key designs require preservation of their intellectual property that might restrict access to the internal structure of circuit under test. Random testing is a classical solution to black box testing as it generates test patterns without using the structural implementation of the circuit under test. However, random testing ignores the importance of previously applied test patterns while generating subsequent test patterns. An improvement to random testing is Antirandom that diversifies every subsequent test pattern in the test sequence. Whereas, computational intensive process of distance calculation restricts its scalability for large input circuit under test. Fixed sized candidate set adaptive random testing uses predetermined number of patterns for distance calculations to avoid computational complexity. A combination of max-min distance with previously executed patterns is carried out for each test pattern candidate. However, the reduction in computational complexity reduces the effectiveness of test set in terms of fault coverage. This paper uses a total cartesian distance based approach on fixed sized candidate set to enhance diversity in test sequence. The proposed approach has a two way effect on the test pattern generation as it lowers the computational intensity along with enhancement in the fault coverage. Fault simulation results on ISCAS’85 and ISCAS’89 benchmark circuits show that fault coverage of the proposed method increases up to 20.22% compared to previous method.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 720-726
Publish at: 2020-11-01

Fuzzy control scheme for energy efficiency and demand management in airports using 3D simulator

10.11591/ijeecs.v20.i2.pp583-592
Mohamed Abdul Raouf Shafei , Mohamed Abdelazeem Tawfik , Doaa Khalil Ibrahim
As the building sector has the largest share of energy consumption in most countries of the world, this paper focused on the study of one of the most important of the buildings which are the airports. Airports can play a major role in reducing the burden on the electrical grid as they have several factors that make them optimum models for applying energy efficiency strategies. Accordingly, the contribution in this paper is achieved by applying a Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC) scheme to improve the energy efficiency of the Egyptian airports without compromising the comfort level of the occupants and validating the obtained results by the aid of “DesignBuilder” software conducted with the “EnergyPlus” simulator, which is a state-of-the-art 3D simulator tool for checking building energy, carbon, lighting, and comfort performance. The applied 3D simulator evaluates the impacts of implementing the proposed fuzzy control system instead of ON/OFF control schemes or Building Management System (BMS). In this context, case studies were conducted at three different Egyptian airports as a high, medium, and low occupancy level airports respectively to discuss the opportunities and challenges of applying the fuzzy logic scheme in airports according to the occupancy level.
Volume: 20
Issue: 2
Page: 583-592
Publish at: 2020-11-01
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