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28,188 Article Results

Physical activity, sleeping pattern, and road accidents among Saudi population in Najran Province during the month of Ramadan

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25685
Hatem Mohamed , Ramzi Naim Nasser , Anass M. Abbas , Manar G. Shalabi , Lienda Basheir Eltayeb , Walid Gaafar Hamid Babikr
This study examined the impact of Ramadan fasting on physical activity and sleep patterns among Saudis in Najran, Saudi Arabia. Seventy-three male and female volunteers completed a self-reported questionnaire over five days at Najran University Hospital. Data collected included demographics, physical activity levels, sedentary behaviors, sleep duration, social activities, and mood changes. Results showed that only 29 participants (39.9%) considered themselves physically active, while 44 (60.3%) were sedentary. The mean age of the active group was 41.60±8.21 years. Among females, only 7 (31.8%) were physically active, while 15 (68.2%) were inactive. Factors such as night work, mood changes, and indoor social activities significantly influenced physical activity levels (p<0.005). Regarding sleep, the physically active group had a mean daily sleep duration of 7.43±1.52 hours, while the sedentary group slept an average of 10.20±2.11 hours, showing a statistically significant difference. These findings suggest that Ramadan fasting influences both physical activity and sleep patterns, potentially affecting overall health and well-being.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1515-1523
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Global stability of SEIM tuberculosis model with two infection phases and medication effects

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25899
Jovian Dian Pratama , Anindita Henindya Permatasari
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains a significant global health issue, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates despite being a preventable and curable disease. The dynamics of TB transmission and the effects of treatment are critical to improving disease management. This study aims to analyze the global stability of a susceptible, exposed, infected, medicated (SEIM) model for TB transmission, incorporating the effects of medication and infection phases on disease progression. A deterministic SEIM model is proposed, dividing the population into four compartments: susceptible, exposed, infected, and medicated. The model accounts for treatment effects, including non-permanent immunity and the potential dormancy of MTB. Stability analysis was conducted using Lyapunov functions to evaluate equilibrium points, and the basic reproduction number (ℜ0) was derived to determine disease dynamics. The analysis reveals that when ℜ0 < 1, the system is globally asymptotically stable at the non-endemic equilibrium, indicating disease eradication. Conversely, when ℜ0 >1, the system converges to the endemic equilibrium, signifying sustained transmission within the population. These findings highlight the critical role of treatment and infection dynamics in controlling TB spread. The SEIM model provides a comprehensive framework for understanding TB transmission dynamics and emphasizes the importance of reducing (ℜ0) through effective public health interventions. Further research is recommended to validate the model with empirical data and explore its applicability in different epidemiological settings.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1137-1150
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Exploring the role of swimming in enhancing diet-based weight loss programs for athletes

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25330
Cherkaoui Sidi Hassan , Mouane Nezha
This study explores the synergistic effects of customized dietary strategies and aerobic exercise, specifically swimming, on achieving weight loss while preserving muscle mass in athletes. The research highlights the importance of a holistic approach to weight management, integrating personalized diet plans with tailored exercise regimens. The study segmented participants into two groups, one following a standard diet for weight maintenance and another adhering to a similar diet augmented by regular swimming sessions aimed at weight loss. Results indicate that the diet-plus-swimming group exhibited significantly greater reductions in weight and body mass index (BMI) compared to the diet-only group, suggesting that incorporating swimming enhances the effectiveness of dietary interventions. These findings emphasize the potential of combining physical activities such as swimming with dietary modifications to achieve optimal weight management outcomes, providing a comprehensive approach to athlete health management. The study also underscores the need for personalized strategies that consider individual characteristics and preferences to support sustainable weight loss and improved health outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1452-1458
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Thai E-sarn dance on balance and muscle strength in elderly women with falls risk

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25067
Warangkana Chompoopan , Worawut Chompoopan , Saowaluk Seedaket , Duangruedee Chotklang , Siratorn Pongjan , Tivapron Kombusadee
The risk of falls, which is a significant contributor to mortality among the elderly population, is increasing due to declining balance and muscle strength. A quasi-experimental design was used in this study to examine the effects of traditional Thai E-sarn on balance and muscle strength in older women living in the community. The experimental or control group consisted of 35 people. The experimental group participated in a 12-week fitness regimen utilizing Thai E-sarn. The control group avoided participating in any type of physical activity. The experimental group exhibited notable enhancements in their balance, muscle strength, and health parameters as compared to the control group. In the experimental group, the timed up and go test (TUG) score was reduced by 1.91 seconds (95%CI: 0.67 to 3.16), p=0.003, while the 30-second chair stand test (30CST) increased by 3.15 (95%CI: 1.24 to 5.04), p<0.002. Systolic blood pressure dropped by 6.58 mmHg, diastolic by 5.57, and heart rate by 5.29 beats per minute. These findings suggest regular Thai E-sarn dance may improve balance, muscle strength, and all other parameters. Additional investigation is required to elucidate the impact of exercise on enhancing the general health of older adults.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1267-1275
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design and implementation of Internet of Things-enabled long-range autonomous surveillance bot for LPG leak detection and environmental safety monitoring

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp361-369
Rajesh Singh , Anita Gehlot , Rahul Mahala , Vivek Kumar Singh
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) accidents pose significant safety risks, requiring continuous monitoring and Internet of Things (IoT) technology to prevent gas leakage and ensure human safety. This work proposes distributed field-oriented IoT gas sensing robots for detecting dangerous flammable gases like Ammonia, Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Carbon Dioxide. The SnoLURk solution enables cost-effective IoT gas leak detection in indoor and outdoor robots using budget-friendly casings and sensors. The study also discusses a robotic system for gas leak detection, aiming to detect and combat burglary using ZigBee and GSM modules. Cloud support allows Wi-Fi zone residents to receive alerts and send investigators via email, enabling remote data analytics monitoring. The IoT-based Worker's Health Monitoring System improves health and safety practices in industrial environments by monitoring workers' health 24/7. It allows on-site and off-site monitoring, enabling quick intervention and avoiding complications. The system's applications include construction, mining, manufacturing, and healthcare. Future versions may include improved sensors and machine learning.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 361-369
Publish at: 2025-09-01

LoRa-enabled remote-controlled surveillance robot for monitoring and navigation in disaster response missions

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp311-321
Anita Gehlot , Rajesh Singh , Rahul Mahala , Mahim Raj Gupta , Vivek Kumar Singh
Rescue missions must be conducted within a strict timeframe, and the safety of all rescuers and civilians is prioritized. The proposed system aims to design a remote-operated aerial surveillance robot for disaster-affected areas for search and rescue missions. Real-time video transmission and RS-232 long-range communication enable operators to navigate rough environments and monitor data collected in real-time. This powerful tool ensures the protection of human life while collecting accurate and meaningful data. Cloud storage for data and surveillance strengthens the system, preventing part failure and fostering collaboration among users. This is a significant step towards using Internet of Things systems alongside remote-controlled robots in disaster response. The robot's key contribution to disaster management is identifying the environment, addressing issues of no visibility, complicated terrains, and speed. Its modification and expansion capabilities make it useful in armed surveillance, industrial monitoring, and environmental studies, making it an important innovation for many other fields.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 311-321
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Robotic mist bath wheelchair: innovations in automated body drying and sanitization for improved patient hygiene

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp301-310
Vijay Mahadeo Mane , Harshal Ambadas Durge , Chin-Shiuh Shieh , Rajesh Dey , Rupali Atul Mahajan , Siddharth Bhorge
This paper presents the development and evaluation of the robotic mist bath wheelchair (MBWC), a multifunctional assistive device designed to enhance hygiene and comfort for individuals with limited mobility. The MBWC integrates mist-based bathing, automated sanitization, and warm air-drying into a compact, wheelchair-mounted system suitable for home and clinical settings. Experimental evaluations demonstrated effective temperature maintenance and a 30% reduction in bathing time compared to conventional methods. User trials with 20 participants indicated a 92% satisfaction rate, reflecting improvements in hygiene, comfort, and operational ease. MBWC provides a cost-effective, hygienic alternative to traditional bathing methods, addressing critical challenges in eldercare and rehabilitation environments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 301-310
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Relationship between employment changes and psychosocial discomfort during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25746
María Teresa Solís-Soto , María Soledad Burrone , Armando Basagoitia , Luna Rojas , Paulina Valenzuela , Catalina Barrientos , Fabiola Molina , Daniela Valdés , Silvina Arrosi , Silvina Ramos , Paulina Rincón , Loreto Villagran Valenzuela
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the containment and prevention measures established at the global and national level, daily life activities were affected, deepening inequities in Chile and impacting the population's mental health. The study's objective was to analyze the relationship between working conditions and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile. For this, a cross-sectional study was implemented using an anonymous and self-administered online questionnaire, reaching a final sample size of 784 people ≥18 years. The questionnaire explored sociodemographics, work, income, and psychological distress information. We computed logistic regression models to assess risk factors associated with psychological discomfort. Data showed that higher percentage of women dedicate more hours per week to household chores, caring for other people, and accompanying schoolwork than men. More than half of the participants (55%) reported psychological discomfort, with household income reduction as the main risk factor. Our results reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Chile, with a severe decrease in household income, a risk factor for psychological discomfort. It is important to implement strategies to protect mental health during health emergencies, considering more vulnerable populations.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1201-1209
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Attitude as a mediator between socio-ecological factors and non-communicable disease management: a study protocol

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25308
Azrin Shah Abu Bakar , Haliza Abdul Rahman , Ahmad Iqmer Nashriq Mohd Nazan
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have risen in Malaysia, and people with low socioeconomic status are more vulnerable to NCDs. Previous studies on the management of non-communicable disease have focused on aspects of socioeconomic factors, individual factors, and psychosocial factors. However, there is limited information on socio-ecological factors (e.g. intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal factors) and their direct and indirect effect of socio-ecological factors on non-communicable disease management mediated by attitude has not been investigated. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the role of attitude as a mediator between socio-ecological factors and non-communicable disease management among support staff in Putrajaya, Malaysia. A cross-sectional study using cluster random sampling will be conducted at selected Ministries, in Putrajaya Malaysia. The questionnaire will assess respondents’ background information, knowledge of non-communicable disease, attitude towards preventing non-communicable disease and chronic illness resources survey (CIRS) to measure socio-ecological factors. Descriptive and inferential statistics will be used in data analysis using SPSS and SEM with AMOS software. The findings will provide a theoretical model for understanding the various factors that determine towards non-communicable disease management through mediation of attitude.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1387-1393
Publish at: 2025-09-01

The application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card in early detection of the risk of preeclampsia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25375
Syaiful Syaiful , Nurwahidah Nurwahidah , Sulaiman Lalu
Preeclampsia pregnancy complications can negatively impact the fetal in the womb, potentially leading to delayed or non-developmental growth. This study aimed to determine the effect of the application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card on the early detection of preeclampsia risk. The study employed a quasi-experimental design, with an intervention group receiving the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card and a control group receiving counselling on preeclampsia. The study utilized purposive sampling with 100 cadres divided into two groups, focusing on four health centers in Bima, Indonesia, and analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test. Knowledge in the intervention group increased significantly in both knowledge and ability categories. However, in the control group, knowledge and ability did not differ significantly. The application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card in the intervention group was better than counselling conducted by the health center for the early detection of preeclampsia. There was a significant difference between the levels of knowledge and ability in the intervention group (p<0.005). In conclusion, the application of the Dhiana Setyorini Score Card is more effective in increasing knowledge and the ability to detect preeclampsia early than the counselling method conducted by a health center.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1330-1337
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Exploring spatial variations and risk factors associated with cesarean section delivery in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24700
Md. Saiful Islam , Md. Junayeth Bhuiyan , Md. Sharif Miah , Md. Mamunur Rashid
This study was to explore the spatial variations and risk factors of cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was applied to assess the hot spots and cold spots of cesarean delivery, and a multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to determine the risk factors related to cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. This study found that one-third of all births (33%; 95% CI = 30.68-34.66) delivered through cesarean section. The hot spots of cesarean delivery were in Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. The cold spots were in Barisal, Rangpur, and Sylhet divisions. Women with higher education (OR =2 .24, 95% CI = 1.49-3.36), overweight/obese women (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.63–2.63) and women from Khulna division (OR = 1.87, 95% CI= 1.32–2.64) were significantly associated with cesarean section. Therefore, concentrating on factors including women’s education, partner's education, partner’s occupation, age at first birth, wealth index, women’s body mass index (BMI) status, media exposure, and divisions might play a crucial role in reducing the unnecessary cesarean section in Bangladesh.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1367-1374
Publish at: 2025-09-01

The correlation between family empowerment and the role of family health tasks in preventing anemia during pregnancy

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25974
Mira Triharini , Sylvia Dwi Wahyuni , Ni Ketut Alit Armini , Elida Ulfiana , Zurinda Dwi Nur Lailiyaturrohmah , Ananda Amalia Ramadhani
Anemia in pregnancy can harm the mother and baby. Prevention of anemia in pregnant women cannot be separated from the role of the family. Increasing the role of the family requires family empowerment, especially from the husband. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between family empowerment and family role in preventing anemia during pregnancy. This study used a descriptive correlational approach. Sample was 150 of pregnant women who received antenatal care at the Klampis Ngasem and Pacar Keling Health Center, East Java, Indonesia, and were selected using a consecutive sampling method. A statistical test to examine the relationship between independent and dependent variables is conducted using Spearman's Rho. and Chi-square. This study indicates a significant correlation between family empowerment and family role in prevention anemia during pregnancy (p = 0.000; r = 0.578). There is a relationship between the components of family empowerment and family function. Motivation (p = 0.000; r = 0.643), cognitive (p = 0.000; r = 0.552), and personal traits (p = 0.000; r = 0.565) correlated with family role in preventing anemia during pregnancy. Health workers need to provide education to increase family empowerment to increase the role of the family in the five family tasks in preventing anemia during pregnancy.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1375-1386
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Interdisciplinary diagnostics and dental treatment: clinical case report of a 13-year-old female patient

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25253
Dobrinka Mitkova Damyanova , Sirma Todorova Angelova , Yoana Rumenova Ruseva
The study was conducted at the Faculty of Dental Medicine, University Medical-Dental Center, Varna, Bulgaria, in 2023, with permission and informed consent from the parents and the patient. Patient K. Vl. Ts., 13 years old from the city of Varna, comes without complaints. The reason for the visit is a desire to consult an orthodontist and start orthodontic treatment. The patient had a hospital stay at the age of 8 due to an operation - adenoidectomy. PLI - Plaque index by Silness and Löe with a value equal to 1.58, which defines oral hygiene as satisfactory to poor. Exogenous prophylaxis was performed. Treatment of plaque-associated gingival inflammation with professional oral hygiene and application of fluoride varnish every 3 months. Treatment of dental caries is operative: Teeth 27, 36, 37, 47 - with caries occlusalis D 2-3, lesions - after minimally invasive operative treatment with a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) placed, a definitive filling was made with photo-composite and sealant application of the healthy pits and fossae of the fissure. Patients and their parents should be trained to practice excellent oral hygiene during orthodontic treatment in order to reduce the risk of developing dental caries.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1276-1283
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Alcohol-based hand sanitizer use among university students in Bangladesh: knowledge, practices, and influencing factors

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25429
Md Ekhtekharul Islam , Monsur Chowdhury , Fahmida Hassin , Hafizur Rahman , Kulsum Ara
Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus epidemic in December 2019, it has become a significant threat to the health and lives of the global population. In 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) as an alternative hand hygiene method to prevent the spread of coronavirus infection. As a result, during the COVID-19 epidemic, the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers expanded rapidly, particularly among students. In Bangladesh, there has been a substantial growth of ABHS producers since the outbreak of coronavirus. Greater emphasis was placed on the necessity to use ABHS for protection but but placed less emphasis on safe use. This research attempts to assess the knowledge, practices, and influencing factors related to ABHS usage among university students in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional online survey was carried out among 800 university students using a semi-structured questionnaire. More than half of the students buy alcohol-based hand sanitizer due to their effectiveness. The multiple regression analysis suggests that age, sex, and family income sources have affected students' knowledge and practice scores associated with alcohol-based hand sanitizers. This study highlights the need for proper ABHS usage, handling, and selection for maximum efficacy against targeted infections and safe ABHS use. Only adequate awareness and knowledge on hand hygiene practices can reduce the risks of pathogen transmission, either directly or indirectly.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1479-1488
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Effectiveness of school-based nutrition education on obesity and nutritional status of adolescent girls: a scoping review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26131
Sehar Iqbal , Saira Zafar , Syed Hassan Bin Usman Shah , Abdul Momin Rizwan Ahmad
School based nutrition education is an effective way to improve nutritional status of adolescent girls through changing their dietary behaviors. This scoping review therefore aimed to summarize the available literature evaluating the effectiveness of school-based nutrition education interventions on anthropometric measures and nutritional status of adolescent girls. A systematic approach following the PRISMA guidelines was adopted to investigate the effects of nutrition education in schools. A search term and an eligibility criterion were applied and 2 databases, i.e., Scopus and PubMed were selected to retrieve the existing literature. After applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, a total of 11 studies and data from 3957 participants were included in this review. School-education intervention was taken as an independent variable to evaluate the effectiveness of the programs. Most of the studies found the beneficial effects of school-based nutrition programs to reduce obesity among adolescent girls. However, a few studies (n = 4) did not show any significant impact of nutrition education programs to improve nutritional status of this age-group girls. Our review reported the beneficial effect of school health-education programs to reduce obesity in adolescent girls. A holistic approach with more professional training for teachers based on health promotion strategies, inclusion of nutrition education into the curriculum, operative follow-up and evaluations are needed to implement more effective school-based nutrition education programs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1243-1255
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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