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Religious literary literacy in pesantren: a phenomenological study of moral and spiritual learning

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39013
Lamri Lamri , Else Liliani , Sri Harti Widyastuti
This study explores how santri (student) in pesantren (Islamic boarding school) education experience and interpret religious literary practices as a medium for moral and spiritual learning and conceptualizes these experiences into a religious literary literacy (RLL) model. Using a qualitative interpretative phenomenological approach through interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), the study examines santri’s lived experiences and meaning-making processes. Data were generated through in-depth semi-structured interviews with eight santri from four pesantren in East Java and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, supported by analysis of student literary works and pesantren literacy archives. The analysis involved iterative stages of close reading, coding, thematization, and hermeneutic interpretation. The findings reveal three interconnected dimensions of RLL: i) literature as spiritual and moral reflection; ii) transformative selfhood and moral consciousness developed through reflective reading and writing; and iii) pesantren as a pedagogical ecosystem integrating faith, ethics, and creative expression. These dimensions form the RLL model, which conceptualizes literary practice as a cyclical process of devotion, reflection, and self-transformation. The study contributes theoretically by extending the concept of religious literacy beyond textual competence toward experiential and interpretative moral formation. Practically, the model offers a conceptual framework for designing reflective literacy programs in Islamic education that support character development and address contemporary moral challenges among youth.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2806-2813
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Mathematical mindset shift: reducing math anxiety and enhancing attitudes in secondary school students through growth mindset intervention

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.32397
Noor Atiqah Mohd Noh , Aini Marina Ma'rof , Yusni Mohamad Yusop
This study examines the effectiveness of a growth mindset intervention (GMI) in improving mathematical mindset, reducing math anxiety, and enhancing attitudes toward mathematics among secondary school students. A true-experimental design was employed, involving 69 Form Two students from secondary schools in Kedah, Malaysia. Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group (n=35) or a control group (n=34). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results revealed significant differences in math anxiety (p=0.000) and attitudes toward math (p=0.000) between the treatment and control groups after controlling for covariates (math scores and gender). However, no significant difference was observed in mathematical mindset between groups (p=0.292). Within the treatment group, significant improvements were noted in mathematical mindset (p=0.001), math anxiety (p=0.000), and attitudes toward math (p=0.000), while the control group showed no significant changes across these variables. Students in the treatment group experienced reduced math anxiety and improved attitudes toward math following the intervention. These findings suggest that GMI is an effective strategy for mitigating math anxiety and fostering positive attitudes toward mathematics, providing valuable insights for educators seeking to improve students' learning experiences and outcomes.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3182-3192
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Modernizing geography teacher education through STEAM integration to enhance geoecological competence

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39056
Roza Mukhitdinova , Kuat Baymyrzayev , Murat Auyelbek
This study examines the effectiveness of integrating science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM) into geography teacher education to enhance geoecological competence among prospective teachers. A mixed-methods pedagogical experiment was conducted with 178 undergraduate students from two pedagogical universities in Kazakhstan, including an experimental group (n=90) and a control group (n=88). The intervention involved the integration of interdisciplinary STEAM projects, digital modeling, geographic information systems (GIS), and practice-oriented tasks focused on regional geoecological problems. Data were collected through curriculum analysis, tests, questionnaires, project evaluation, reflective reports, and expert assessment. The results revealed statistically significant improvement in the experimental group across the cognitive, activity-based, value-motivational, and reflective components of geoecological competence compared with the control group (p
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2983-2992
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Phono-syntactic error pattern analysis in impromptu speaking among English learners: a content analysis

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39044
Angelie V. Temario , Harold John U. Mamites , April Jane G. Sales , Marcelina S. Deiparine
Second language learners, particularly Filipino learners of English, often experience linguistic difficulties in producing accurate phonological and syntactic forms, especially during spontaneous speaking tasks. This study examines the dominant phono-syntactic error patterns found in impromptu speaking performances and explores their pedagogical implications using Corder’s error analysis framework. Employing a qualitative descriptive research design, the study analyzed recorded impromptu speaking performances of 36 Bachelor of Arts in English Language (BAEL) students. The analysis revealed that in the phonological aspect, segmental errors were more prevalent than suprasegmental errors, with vowel substitution emerging as the most frequent error type, accounting for 22 errors (57.1%). In the syntactic aspect, misformation was identified as the most dominant error category, with 164 errors (54.88%). These findings suggest that while learners demonstrate emerging grammatical awareness, they still encounter difficulties in maintaining phonological and syntactic accuracy during spontaneous speech production. The study highlights the importance of integrating pronunciation and grammar instruction within communicative speaking activities. Furthermore, impromptu speaking tasks serve as an effective diagnostic tool for identifying learners’ linguistic challenges and guiding instructional strategies aimed at improving spoken language proficiency.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3646-3657
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Social support for hearing parents raising deaf children in Kazakhstan: challenges and solutions

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38135
Zhansaya Janpeisova , Assel Sarsenova , Karlygash Yessenamanova , Kulmarash Kashkinbayeva
In Kazakhstan, social support for families with hearing-impaired children remains a pressing issue requiring further research and improvement. The aim of this study is to assess the social support provided to families of hearing parents with children who have hearing impairments in Kazakhstan. The study involved 176 families from Kazakhstan, in which the parents are hearing, and the children have hearing loss. This study employed a convergent mixed-methods approach, combining the simultaneous collection and analysis of qualitative (interviews) and quantitative (surveys) data with the subsequent integration of the findings to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. The results showed that 89% of respondents were aware of existing social assistance programs; financial and medical support were considered particularly important, while psychological support was deemed insufficient. Socioeconomic and geographic factors significantly influenced access to services. The data also showed that income level and type of settlement significantly influence families’ access to social services and awareness of support programs, while the age of parents and children has less influence, although the needs of children of different ages vary. The practical significance of the study lies in identifying problems within the social assistance system, such as low information accessibility, long waiting times, inadequate support, and service quality fluctuations. The obtained data can be used to improve social support mechanisms and raise awareness among families with children who have hearing impairments. These findings can be used to improve social support mechanisms and raise awareness of this issue among families with hearing-impaired children.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2931-2945
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Immersive technology in English language learning: a bibliometric analysis

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.37947
Zhou Bo , Lim Seong Pek , Nahdia Kabir , Mohamed Bouteraa , Asna Asna
This bibliometric analysis, drawing on data from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection, explores the expanding role of immersive technologies in English language education. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) have shown strong potential to improve learner motivation, engagement, and communicative competence, yet their integration into formal English language settings remains uneven. By analyzing 248 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025, this study finds significant trends, influential contributors, and emerging areas of interest within the field. The findings show a steady increase in publications and citations, reflecting growing recognition of the educational value of immersive environments. Prominent themes include emotional engagement, lowered language anxiety, and improved performance in vocabulary, speaking, listening, and cultural understanding. Much of the literature underlines authentic and situated learning, VR-based interactive environments, VR-supported problem-based learning, and AR-assisted vocabulary development. The analysis also identifies leading countries, with China and the United States producing the largest share of research, a pattern supported by strong institutional participation worldwide. These insights help guide educators and policymakers as they consider how to bring immersive technologies into English instruction. The study also establishes a foundation for future research on effective, engaging, and sustainable immersive language learning practices. Overall, these findings clarify how research on immersive technologies in English language education has evolved between 2021 and 2025 and identify influential studies and key contributors. They also point to persisting gaps, such as equity, teacher readiness, and cognitive-load–informed design, that warrant further investigation.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3623-3635
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Culturally grounded student engagement in global citizenship education in Philippine higher education

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39524
Airyn M. Arbuliente , Erwin B. Berry , Alvin O. Cayogyog , El Dixon G. Plazo
Global citizenship education (GCE) is increasingly integrated into higher education; however, student engagement remains limited, often characterized by superficial participation rather than meaningful involvement. This study addresses this gap by examining how students experience engagement in GCE within a developing-country context. Using an interpretive phenomenological approach, data were collected from 25 undergraduate students in a Philippine state college through in-depth interviews and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings reveal that engagement becomes meaningful when students participate in authentic community-based activities, develop emotional connections to real-world issues, engage in critical reflection on complex systems, and exercise voice and initiative in learning. Importantly, the study identifies culturally grounded engagement as a key dimension, showing that Filipino values such as bayanihan (communal unity), pakikipagkapwa-tao (shared humanity), and malasakit (profound care) function as resources that shape how students interpret and engage with global issues. These findings suggest that engagement in GCE is not only multidimensional but also culturally embedded. The study contributes to the literature by extending existing student engagement frameworks to incorporate cultural context as a core dimension. Practically, it highlights the need for culturally responsive and experiential pedagogies to enhance meaningful engagement in higher education.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2919-2930
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Enhancing students’ environmental literacy through STEM and project-based learning

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39227
Akylbekova Turar , Bebolat Ibashev , Salih Çepni , Zhazira Mukataeva , Klara Sarsekova , Ibraimov Aibat
Amid escalating global environmental challenges and the increasing emphasis on sustainable development, enhancing students’ environmental literacy has become a critical priority in higher education. However, conventional instructional approaches remain predominantly theory-oriented and insufficient in fostering interdisciplinary thinking and real-world problem-solving competencies. Addressing this gap, this study proposes the integration of the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics–project-based learning (STEM–PjBL) model, which combines STEM education with PjBL to promote active engagement in authentic environmental problem-solving contexts. This study offers a novel contribution by implementing the STEM–PjBL approach within a Chemical Ecology course, thereby linking interdisciplinary STEM integration with the development of environmental literacy and systems thinking. A quantitative research design was employed involving 70 master’s students from Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University with prior exposure to environmental disciplines. A 15-item diagnostic instrument was developed to assess environmental literacy, with content validity confirmed using Aiken’s V (0.70–0.91). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Student’s t-test. The findings indicate a high level of environmental literacy (mean=85.1) and provide empirical evidence supporting the effectiveness of the STEM–PjBL approach. The results demonstrate improvements in systems thinking and environmentally responsible behavior, highlighting its potential to enhance environmental education practices in higher education.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3557-3566
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Policy–governance–culture dynamics in Myanmar education reform: implications for transformational leadership practice

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39057
Chi Che , Win Pa Pa Tun
Myanmar’s education reform faces a persistent enactment gap because policy intent is filtered through governance feasibility and culturally grounded legitimacy norms. This study examined whether transformational leadership functions as a mediation practice that buffers policy–governance misalignment and under what conditions that buffering is stronger. The novelty of this study lies in proposing and testing an integrated policy–governance–culture (PGC) leadership mediation model that explains reform enactment through the joint effects of structural misalignment, leadership buffering, and culturally conditioned legitimacy. An explanatory sequential mixed-methods design combined a two-wave time-lag survey of teachers and middle leaders from 48 schools (N=720) with semi-structured interviews to clarify mechanisms. Measurement models showed acceptable-to-strong fit (CFA: CFI=0.956, TLI=0.948, RMSEA=0.044, SRMR=0.041). Multilevel SEM (ICC_RE=0.11) indicated that policy–governance misalignment directly reduced reform enactment (β=−0.15, p=.003) while increasing leadership mediation practices (β=0.25, p
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2959-2972
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Beyond narrative: a pedagogical, cultural, and psychological analysis of Saken Zhunusov’s Amanai and Zamanai for higher education

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38486
Tokzhan Igenbay , Gauhar Baltabaeva , Amangaisha Bolsynbayeva , Gulnara Apeyeva , Sarash Konyrbayeva
This study offers a comprehensive pedagogical analysis of Saken Zhunusov’s Amanai and Zamanai, demonstrating that the novella functions as a multilayered educational text suitable for literature, cultural studies, teacher education, and psychology-of-literature curricula in higher education. Using qualitative content analysis, the study identifies six interrelated thematic domains; moral education, cultural learning, developmental psychology, folklore pedagogy, narrative methodology, and emotional literacy, through which the novel teaches readers to interpret emotional, ethical, and cultural meanings embedded in the narrative. The data consisted of the full text of Saken Zhunusov’s Amanai and Zamanai, analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings reveal that the text models moral dilemmas, cultivates empathy, preserves Kazakh cultural knowledge, exposes structural inequalities, and illustrates childhood cognition and trauma through symbolic and myth-infused storytelling. The study connects these themes to established theoretical perspectives including Vygotsky’s symbolic mediation, Bruner’s narrative cognition, Rosenblatt’s reader–response theory, and cultural-historical views of oral tradition. By developing a detailed codebook and pedagogical framework, the research provides a replicable model for analyzing culturally embedded literature and demonstrates the relevance of Amanai and Zamanai to contemporary Kazakh social issues such as poverty, gendered burden, and generational trauma. The study concludes that the novel offers rich opportunities for interdisciplinary teaching and contributes significantly to the integration of Kazakh literature into modern higher education pedagogy.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3591-3603
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Online collective efficacy and its relationship with organizational sustainable development in higher education

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38721
Ashraf Ragab Ibrahim , Ibrahim Mohammed Ibrahim , Billal Mohamed Aboelhasayb , Mohammed Maher Mohammed , Ahmed Metwally Eissa , Mohamed Ali Nemt-allah
Digital transformation in higher education has intensified reliance on online collaboration, yet the role of shared digital capability beliefs in driving institutional sustainability remains underexplored. This study examined the relationship between online collective efficacy (OCE) and organizational sustainable development (OSD) among faculty members in Egyptian higher education. Using a quantitative correlational design, a purposive sample of 647 faculty members and teaching assistants from Al-Azhar University completed two validated instruments: the OCE scale and the OSD questionnaire. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses revealed exceptionally strong positive associations between all OCE dimensions and OSD outcomes (r=.887, p
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2775-2785
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Motivational and normative drivers of generative AI substitution in academic work: a mixed-methods study from Saudi higher education

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38745
Mazin Mansory , Zilal Meccawy
The rapid integration of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in higher education has intensified tensions between legitimate learning support and unauthorized task substitution, particularly where institutional guidance remains ambiguous. This mixed-methods study investigates how attitudes toward AI, moral rationalization strategies, and perceived institutional clarity interact to shape AI-based substitution behavior among 249 undergraduates at a Saudi university. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) revealed that positive attitudes and rationalization together explained 46% of the variance in substitution behavior, with perceived clarity of institutional guidance significantly moderating the rationalization–substitution link. Complementary interviews with seven students and ten instructors revealed that linguistic burden, peer norms, and fragmented faculty guidance facilitated boundary crossing from scaffolding to shortcutting. By exploring the relationship between moral neutralization and environmental clarity, this research offers a new approach to evaluating the effectiveness of institutional AI guidance beyond common technology acceptance models. The findings can be used to inform the design of multi-tiered, inclusive AI usage policies, assessments that value process over product, and culturally responsive academic integrity education within a multilingual higher education context.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 2946-2958
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Mapping influential CLIL research in English language teaching: a bibliometric SWOT analysis

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.38986
Lim Seong Pek , Fatin Syamilah Che Yob , Azie Azlina Azmi , Desmond Sandum , Gilbert C. Magulod Jr. , Choiril Anwar
Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) has gained increasing attention in English language teaching (ELT); however, existing reviews often describe trends without critically examining both research impact and developmental challenges. This study addresses this gap by investigating the question: what directions and challenges characterize influential CLIL research in ELT? An integrative approach combining document-level bibliometric performance analysis and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis was employed. Using the Scopus database, the ten most-cited CLIL-related studies published between 2021 and 2025 were identified and systematically analyzed. The findings indicate that influential CLIL scholarship centers on pedagogical scaffolding, teacher cognition, learner motivation, and technology-enhanced learning environments. At the same time, recurring challenges include role ambiguity between content and language teachers, policy-practice misalignment in English-medium instruction (EMI) contexts, and limited longitudinal evidence of language outcomes. The study concludes that while CLIL research is increasingly shaped by digital innovation, sustainable implementation depends on pedagogical clarity, teacher preparation, and institutional alignment. By integrating bibliometric evidence with critical qualitative synthesis, this study provides theoretical and practical insights to guide future research, teacher education, and policy development aligned with sustainable development goal 4 (quality education).
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3015-3024
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Digital ecopedagogy-based counseling for cyberbullying prevention among vocational high school students

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39314
Nina Permata Sari , Hendro Yulius Suryo Putro , Muhammad Andri Setiawan
Cyberbullying has become a growing concern among adolescents in vocational high schools, particularly in Indonesian contexts where conventional counseling often struggles to address online aggression effectively. This study evaluated the effectiveness of digital ecopedagogy-based counseling (DEBC), a structured digital counseling intervention that combines interactive online modules, ecological reflection tasks, peer mentoring, and counselor-guided discussions, in preventing cyberbullying among vocational high school students in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental design involved 180 students and six school counselors from three vocational schools, with an eight-week intervention for the experimental group and conventional face-to-face counseling for the control group. Data were collected through pre-test and post-test cyberbullying behavior scales, supported by interviews, focus group discussions, and observations. The experimental group showed significantly greater reductions in cyberbullying behavior (N-Gain=0.45–0.67, p
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3497-3507
Publish at: 2026-08-01

Procrastination trap: how personality traits fuel generative artificial intelligence over-reliance and erode academic performance

10.11591/ijere.v15i4.39382
Mohamad Rizal Abdul Hamid , Chen Jung Ku , Anath Rau Krishnan , Imran Mehboob Shaikh , Yoke Lian Lau , Mohd Zulkifli Muhammad , Saiful Bahri
This study investigates how long-term personality traits contribute to generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) use and whether these traits have an impact on academic procrastination and performance. The Big five personality model was used for this investigation, and a quantitative methodology was employed to analyze data from 200 undergraduate students in East Malaysia via partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Findings indicated that while neuroticism and openness were associated with increased levels of GenAI use, conscientiousness was found to be a protective factor against GenAI dependency. In addition, results showed that when students excessively utilize GenAI, they experience increased levels of procrastination which leads to longer procrastination periods and decreased levels of deep learning engagement. Finally, procrastination was identified as a partial mediator between GenAI use and poor academic performance. Thus, GenAI dependency produces a ‘competence illusion’, causing a decline in students’ academic abilities over time. Ultimately, this study supports the need for interventions designed to help students learn self-regulation and develop critical AI literacy skills to enable technology to serve as a cognitive scaffold as opposed to a replacement for students’ own cognitive efforts.
Volume: 15
Issue: 4
Page: 3362-3374
Publish at: 2026-08-01
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