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27,404 Article Results

The effect of psychoeducation on parents of autistic children in Malaysia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24602
Lee Jye Ling , Crendy Tan Yen Teng
Parents have reported a lack of support from professionals in Malaysia, which results in a lack of knowledge in supporting their children, leading to negative attitudes towards their child’s condition, a lack of empowerment, and psychological problems. This study aimed to determine the effect of psychoeducation on the knowledge, attitude, empowerment, and psychological well-being of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The design of this study was true experimental design. The study focused on parents of ASD-diagnosed children aged 2 to 7 years. Nineteen parents participated and were randomly allocated to the intervention group and control group. Pre and post-tests questionnaires assessed knowledge, attitude, psychological well-being, and empowerment. Independent and paired t-tests were used for data analysis. The results showed that there were no significant differences between the control and intervention groups in their knowledge (t (17)=-.186, p=.854), attitude (t(14.9)=1.26, p=.227), psychological wellbeing (t(13.44)=.221, p=.828) and empowerment (t(15.45)=.047, p=.96). There were no significant differences in the pre and post-sessions of the knowledge (t(9)=1, p=.329), attitude (t(9) =.536, p=.605), and psychological well-being (t(9)=.67, p=.521). However, there was a significant difference in the pre and post-session parent’s empowerment (t(9)=-2.5, p=.032). These findings suggest that other interaction factors may affect the effectiveness of psychoeducation sessions in parent’s knowledge, psychological wellbeing, attitude and empowerment.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1060-1067
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Enhancing self-care adherence in tuberculosis patients through family support: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24749
Miftahul Falah , Tukimin Sansuwito , Regidor III Dioso , Faridah Mohd. Said , Lilis Lismayanti
Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent and widespread chronic disease, posing a significant global health challenge and ranking as a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Indonesia, in particular, bears the fourth-highest TB burden globally, especially within the South-East Asia (SEA) region. Alarmingly, TB incidence rates increased by 13% from 2020 to 2021. This research utilized a systematic review methodology, sourcing data from four reputable English databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, OpenAlex, and Dimensions. Both quantitative and qualitative studies published in the last five years (2019-2023) were included. A comprehensive search strategy across the specified databases yielded a total of 1,201 articles. These articles underwent meticulous screening, resulting in six articles being deemed relevant for inclusion in the review. The inclusion criteria focused on studies examining the association between family support and self-care adherence among TB patients. The systematic review identified and analyzed these six pertinent articles, highlighting the pivotal role of family support in influencing TB patients’ adherence to self-care during treatment. Enhanced family support was found to correlate positively with improved adherence levels among TB sufferers. In summary, this literature review underscores the critical importance of family support in enhancing self-care adherence for individuals undergoing tuberculosis treatment. The positive correlation between robust family support and improved adherence levels emphasizes the influential role of the family unit in the overall well-being and treatment outcomes of TB patients.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 661-671
Publish at: 2025-06-01

The effect of family resilience intervention program for caregivers of schizophrenia patient

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25029
Puji Lestari , Liyanovitasari Liyanovitasari , Heri Prabowo
Caregivers with schizophrenia face physical, psychological, and financial burdens. Although existing research supports the efficacy of interventions to improve the mental health and wellbeing of caregivers living with schizophrenia patients, there are a number of limitations to the existing evidence. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of a family resilience intervention program for caregivers with schizophrenia using a randomized controlled trial in Central Java, Indonesia. This is a non-blinded study with two parallel arms and an active control group. The intervention group received a combination of face-to-face and interactive online delivery strategies for six weeks. The conner–davidson resilience scale and McMasters family assessment device (FAD) were used to measure study outcomes. The study uses repeated measures analysis of variance, Cohen' d test, and general estimate equations to analyze the data. The study involved over 230 caregivers and found that the family resilience intervention program significantly improved resilience and family functioning scores after the intervention. The study also revealed a moderate effect size on resilience and family functioning. The study suggests that primary healthcare centers should be involved in early detection and monitoring of psychosocial issues within families to maintain and improve their mental health.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 709-717
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Adaptation of parental expectation of children’s future scale in Indonesian version

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25209
Novia Solichah , Nur Ainy Fardana , Samian Samian
Parental expectations play a crucial role in shaping a child's developmental trajectory, serving as a primary motivator for the attainment of future aspirations. Researchers conducted a literature review on parental expectations toward their children, utilizing ten instruments developed in journal literature from 2008 to 2020. Of particular interest was the Parent Questionnaire containing the Chinese Parental Expectation on Child’s Future Scale (CPECF), it constitutes a fundamental framework for comprehending parental anticipations in the realm of child development. This study aimed to adapt and validate the PECF scale, employing established validation procedures endorsed by the International Test Commission. Initially, a cohort of 987 parents participated; however, after data cleansing procedures aimed at eliminating incomplete responses and ensuring accuracy, the analysis focused on 593 respondents. The participants’ ages ranged from 21 to 78 years, with a mean age of 35.93 years. Confirmatory Factor Analysis revealed 17 valid and reliable items. The model demonstrated a good fit. These findings suggest that the PECF scale effectively measures parental expectations, aligning with the original scale. It is anticipated that this scale will serve as a valuable tool for research concerning parental expectations in Indonesia, aiding in understanding and addressing the dynamics.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1040-1051
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Grid connected solar water pumping system

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp412-420
Mula Sreenivasa Reddy , Banda Srinivas Raja , Movva Naga Venkata Kiranbabu , Muzammil Parvez , Syed Inthiyaz , Nelaturi Nanda Prakash , Bodapati Venkata Rajanna , Guntukala Surendher
A grid-connected solar water pumping system (SWPS) uses solar power to pump water while simultaneously drawing power from the grid when necessary. These systems can benefit farmers in a variety of ways, including reliable power, lower electric bills, increased income, and improved economic viability. This study explores a solar photovoltaic (SPV) water pumping system designed to function with a single-phase distribution network. It utilizes an induction motor drive (IMD) and incorporates an advanced power-sharing technique for optimal performance. In addition to transferring power from SPV to IMD, a DC-DC boost converter functions as a grid interface and power factor adjustment device. Maximizing the power extracted from the SPV array is critical for optimizing its utilization. To do this, a control mechanism based on incremental conductance is implemented to track maximum power points. Simultaneously, the IMD connected to the power source inverter is regulated using a simple volt/frequency approach. The suggested system, which includes standalone, grid-interfaced, and mixed-mode situations, is developed and validated in a lab.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 412-420
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Speed control of induction motor using fuzzy logic based on internet of things

10.11591/ijape.v14.i2.pp488-497
Charles Ronald Harahap , F. X. Arinto Setyawan , Desi Budiati
The aim of this research was to propose an innovative method of controlling the speed of an induction motor (IM) using fuzzy logic, integrated with internet of things (IoT). To achieve this aim, fuzzy logic was used to increase the performance of IM in order to obtain stable speed and high system response even in the presence of disturbances. Moreover, fuzzy logic relied on rules that used linguistic variables, and its main advantage was simple yet highly accurate, enabling the system to be efficient for determining parameters compared to the time-consuming and inefficient trial-and-error method. In this research, IoT implementation used Blynk platform to control and monitor IM speed remotely. Additionally, the components used in this research included an inverter, gate driver, Arduino Mega 2560, and NodeMCU ESP8266. Pulse width modulation (PWM) was required to obtain rotational speed of the motor through MOSFET switching process. The gate driver amplified PWM signal from Arduino Mega 2560, allowing MOSFET to operate. As a result, IM achieved a stable speed, and the system response followed the reference using fuzzy logic. In addition to this process, the system could be controlled and monitored remotely. Finally, the control system was successful, and the results were presented to show the viability of the proposed method.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 488-497
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among informal garment workers in Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24285
Wipa Chuppawa , Wisit Thongkum , Wittaya Yoosuk , Kukiat Tudpor
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs), characterized by abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system, pose a significant health concern with increasing trends in illness and injuries. Informal workers are not covered by the social security scheme of insurance, preventing them from immediate healthcare services. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and environmental risk factors influencing WRMDs among non-agricultural informal garment workers in Kalasin, totaling 296 individuals. Data were collected using the standardized Nordic questionnaire, descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression. Results revealed 79.7% and 82.8% prevalence for WRMD symptoms in the past seven days and 12 months, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that improper workstations were the most influential (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=6.257, p=0.002, 95% confidence of interval (CI) [1.921, 20.388], followed by work-related stress (WRS) (adjusted OR=4.248, P=0.007, 95% CI [1.475, 12.231]. Moreover, inadequate lighting (adjusted OR=3.693, P<0.001, 95% CI [1.819, 7.497] and prolonged repetitive tasks lasting 3 5 minutes (adjusted OR=2.686, p=0.023, 95% CI [1.143, 6.309] were also contributing factors to the WRMDs symptoms. In conclusion, the prevalence of WRMDs among informal garment workers in Kalasin was high, mainly due to improper workstations and WRS.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 773-778
Publish at: 2025-06-01

An analysis of the maternal health referral system: a case study of the BAKSOKUDA system in Central Lombok, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24349
Sastrawan Sastrawan , Lalu Sulaiman , Eva Erawati
Maternal mortality remains a critical concern in Central Lombok, with over 50% of maternal deaths in hospitals involving cases referred through the BAKSOKUDA referral system. This suggests potential failures within the referral process, raising concerns about systemic issues compromising maternal health emergencies. This research uses a qualitative case study methodology to investigate the BAKSOKUDA system, aiming to identify the challenges contributing to high maternal mortality and provide insights for improving healthcare outcomes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven participants: midwives, doctors, nurses, and a hospital manager. Thematic analysis identified several critical issues: communication breakdowns, inconsistent adherence to protocols, difficulties in securing family cooperation, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of community support for blood donation. These findings highlight four interrelated components—human resources, the professional environment, patients and families, and community support—as central to effective maternal health systems. To address these challenges, the study recommends enhancing communication and protocol adherence, providing comprehensive midwife training, promoting cultural sensitivity, and addressing systemic issues like ambulance availability. Strategic planning, resource allocation, and regional coordination are essential to improving infrastructure and ensuring effective referrals. The findings stress the need for a holistic approach, continuous improvement, and active community engagement to optimize maternal care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 740-748
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Addressing the challenges of overweight and obesity: strategies for promoting a healthier future

https://ijphs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJPHS/article/view/24677
Irfan Chaudhuri , Md. Shahidul Islam
The prevalence of overweight and obesity among over 1 billion people worldwide constitutes a major public health concern. There is an increased risk for the onset of noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and various types of cancer, while productivity and life quality are diminished. The social, environmental, and behavioral influences on obesity and overweight can be mitigated through targeted interventions, as these conditions are largely avoidable. This study explores the latest findings on the causes, consequences, and remedies for overweight and obesity, with a global perspective. Additionally, it outlines several effective measures and strategies that have been put into place or are being considered in various contexts, including financial constraints, marketing limits, primary healthcare options, and school-based initiatives. To change the obesity epidemic and promote healthy eating and active living for everyone, the research calls for immediate action and a useful strategy that promotes healthy eating and diet, increased physical exercise, and modifications to environmental elements.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 936-950
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Determinants of anemia among adolescents girls in district Banggai, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.23992
Risma Risma , Veni Hadju , Andi Zulkifli , Healthy Hidayanti , Syamsiar S. Russeng , Apik Indarty , Yustiyanty Monoarfa , Mohammad Syakir
The problem of anemia among adolescent girl in Indonesia is still very high. Many factors cause anemia in adolescent girl. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and its determinants in Banggai district. The research design was cross-sectional, with a sample of adolescent girls aged 12–18 years (n=326). Hemoglobin concentration was measured using a Hemocue hemoglobinometer. The Chi-square test and linear regression analysis were used for data analysis. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia was 48.8%, of which 44.0% had mild anemia and 48.4% had moderate anemia. From the bivariate analysis, anemia was significantly related to adolescent age, father's education, and eating habits (p<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression shows that the factors that most influence the occurrence of anemia are age OR=1.7 (95% CI OR=0.20-0.05) and eating habits OR=2.2 (95% CI OR=0.29-0.81). It was concluded that the prevalence of anemia was high in adolescent girls. Intervention steps are needed to improve the anemia status of adolescent girls in Banggai district.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1008-1014
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Bibliometric analysis of research trends in college students' mobile phone addiction from 2013 to 2023

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24755
Ruifeng Wang , Sairah Abd Karim , Jacquline Tham
Mobile phone addiction (MPA) among college students is a growing concern affecting physical and mental well-being. This study employs CiteSpace 6.2.R6 to analyze research trends on MPA. A total of 957 articles published between 2013 and 2023 were analyzed, with key contributors including Griffiths, Mark D, and institutions like Nottingham Trent University and Toledo University. "Computers In Human Behavior" emerged as the most cited journal. Research focal points include the prevalence of MPA, its health effects, and its association with social media usage. Future research should focus on understanding the MPA-mental health correlation, improving methodologies, and conducting diverse intervention studies. This study identifies research hotspots and emphasizes the need for further investigations to expand understanding of MPA among college students. Collaboration between institutions and authors is crucial, along with diversification of research methods and tools.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 603-621
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Relationship between iron deficiency anemia and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetes patients

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25569
Saida Fuad Shnaigat , Baha'a M. Abu Salma
The study aimed to investigate the relationship between iron metabolism indicators such as ferritin and transferrin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. Another goal of the current study is to draw the attention of the scientific and medical community to a very important issue regarding diagnostic and follow-up the diabetic patients which is the effect of iron status on HbA1c level. A cross-sectional study was conducted on (n=300) participants. The participant was assigned into three groups: the diabetes group (n=101), the prediabetes group (n=100), and the control group (n=99). A structured questionnaire with sociodemographic data and biochemical tests was applied. The results of the study found that there were significant differences in age among groups (p=0.05), with the diabetic group being younger than other groups. There is a direct positive relationship between HbA1c levels and ferritin (β=2%, p=0.001) and fasting blood sugar (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The findings also show an inverse relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and transferrin (β=0.1%, p=0.001), as well as mean corpuscular volume (MCV) (β=1.8%, p=0.001). The study finding confirms a positive correlation between HbA1c with ferritin levels and a negative association with transferrin. Iron status in diabetes patients' treatment plans should considered while the interpretation of the HbA1c concentrations. In addition, diabetes patients' treatment plans should take ferritin level adjustment into account.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 898-903
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Factors associated with medication adherence in diabetes patients during the COVID-19 pandemic

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25672
Tung Do Dinh , Linh Thuy Thi Phan , Van Thuy Thi Pham , Huong Thi Lien Nguyen , Thao Thi Bich Cao , Thao Thi Nguyen , Son Tu Nguyen , Dua Thi Nguyen , Duy Huu Nguyen , Linh Phuong Nguyen , Toan Quoc Tran , Xuan Nguyen Thanh
Identifying the factors affecting diabetes medication adherence is an important step in establishing interventions to improve prescription compliance and help patients manage their disease effectively and successfully. A cross-sectional study of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) at Saint Paul Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam, used a structured questionnaire. Of the 250 patients, 60% (150) were female. The median age was 67.5 years, and the median duration of diabetes was 9.6 years. The mean medication adherence report scale (MARS-5) score was 23.1±3.1. The mean fear of COVID-19 (FCoVID-19) score was 16.8±6.3. The mean self-efficacy for appropriate medication uses scale (SEAMS) score indicating the patient’s confidence in taking medication correctly was 31.1±5.6. The mean medication literacy measure (MLM), which assesses the patient’s knowledge of diabetes medications, was 8.3±4.9, with 27.2% of patients having high levels. The relationships between adherence to medication and comorbidities, knowledge about medication, and psychological effects of diabetes were statistically significant according to multivariable linear regression. The study showed that intervention programs that focus on factors affecting adherence can be effective at improving patient health outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1096-1108
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Syndemics of coronaviurs disease and aging: the interplay among nutrition, the immune system and health outcomes

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24850
Sehar Iqbal , Inayat Ali
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic revealed “many pandemics”. Right from the beginning of the COVID pandemic and various intimidating waves of new variants seriously affected vulnerable populations, including the elderly. This scoping review aimed to summarize the available data on nutrition and immune response during aging and associations between the immune system and viral infections in the older population. The review particularly emphasizes micronutrients including vitamins C, D, zinc, and selenium and their relations to COVID-19 infection. We have summarized the available literature related to the nutritional management of COVID-19 infection to reduce adverse disease outcomes. The review found that the coexistence of micronutrient deficiencies, immune dysfunction, and high infection exposure increases the risk of mortality in older people with COVID-19. Most studies confirmed a positive association between vitamin D status or supplementation and its effect on COVID-19, whereas a few other studies reported a low zinc and selenium status in COVID-19 infected people. Immediate and adequate nutritional management could help tackle the adverse health consequences in elderly. Hence, the pandemic like this requires a comprehensive approach to understand all related aspects and needs further in-depth investigations related to micronutrient supplements to enhance immunity in COVID-19 infected older population.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 886-897
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Physician acceptability of oral ivermectin versus permethrin in scabies treatment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24960
Rowena F. Genuino , Maria Christina Filomena R. Batac , Alena Marie B. Mariano , Belen L. Dofitas , Francis R. Capule , Fernando B. Garcia Jr. , Mary Ann J. Ladia , Malaya P. Santos , Ailyn M. Yabes , Maria Stephanie Fay S. Cagayan
Oral ivermectin may be a cheaper and more convenient alternative to topical permethrin for classic scabies but its acceptability among physicians in the Philippines is underexplored. This qualitative study aimed to investigate physicians’ experiences and perceptions regarding oral ivermectin, alone or in combination with permethrin, and only permethrin in the treatment of classic scabies. We interviewed 15 purposively sampled Filipino physicians: nine have prescribed only permethrin, one has prescribed either oral ivermectin or permethrin alone, and five have prescribed all three regimens for scabies. Interview data were analyzed and thematically organized using the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA). Our findings reveal mixed awareness and experience with ivermectin among Filipino physicians: while most were generally confident in permethrin as the standard care, combination therapy was reserved as a last resort. These insights highlight the need for ongoing education, clearer guidelines, and further research to improve the efficacy and accessibility of scabies treatments while addressing physicians' varying perceptions and self-efficacy in alternative treatments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 997-1007
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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