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27,404 Article Results

Viral hepatitis morbidity and mortality data in major urban cities in the Philippines

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24577
Rael S. Manriquez , Mark Anthony J. Torres , Cesar G. Demayo
This study investigates the transmission, impact, and prevention of viral hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV) in the National Capital Region (NCR) and Region 7, Philippines, from 1960 to 2020. These infections significantly contribute to liver complications, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, affecting mental well-being and posing risks to pregnant women. Although hepatitis mortality is notable, complete treatment can mitigate the risk. Transmission occurs through various routes, such as blood products, body secretions, and perinatal routes. The study underscores the importance of understanding transmission and implementing screening and prevention measures. Vaccination, particularly for Hepatitis A and B, is crucial, reshaping disease epidemiology through universal infant immunization. Challenges like low vaccination coverage persist, especially among children and healthcare workers. Analyzing mortality data reveals a significant recent decrease attributed to government efforts and vaccination programs since 1995. Despite regional variations, mortality remains relatively low. The study recommends prioritizing and expanding vaccination programs, raising awareness, improving healthcare accessibility, and strengthening surveillance systems. Coupled with community engagement, these measures promise sustained success against viral hepatitis, reinforcing the observed trend in mortality reduction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1015-1021
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Maternal and child factors of stunted children: a case control study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24473
Apriyani Puji Hastuti , Tintin Sukartini , Yuni Sufyanti Arief , Nursalam Nursalam , Ratna Roesardhyati , Elyk Dwi Mumpuningtias , Syaifurrahman Hidayat , Ardhiles Wahyu Kurniawan
Due to the transition or weaning process and infant feeding patterns, infants under the age of five (IYCF) are susceptible to nutritional problems, especially with regard to food diversity, diet quality, availability, and accessibility. According to fundamental health research, the mother’s capacity to supply nourishment (sources from animal and vegetable protein) and the main meal as an energy source during the first two years of life is associated. Community based case-control study was conducted among children 6-24 month. The study participant used multistage random sampling procedure, with a sample size of 180 mothers who have stunted children. This study used a questionnaire as its data research instrument, which was examined for validity and reliability utilizing data analysis methods like linear regression and SPSS 16.0 statistical software. Factor associated the role of mothers in the feeding of stunted children to nutritional status are age, educational level, occupation, motivation, mobility, decision making, knowledge, self-esteem, self-efficacy, family type, family role, stress of family, coping of family, family social support, weight of birth, responsive feeding. The all of factors can affected roles of mothers in the feeding of stunted children to nutritional status with p-value <0.005. While the child’s age, birth length, breastfeeding, feeding children are not factors associated with the role of mothers in the feeding of stunted children to nutritional status.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 852-859
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Antioxidant and anticancer activity of Canarium ovatum Engl. (Pili) ethanolic leaf extracts

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25343
Rafael Joseph Itao Terrazola , Djamae Librado Manzanares , Lady Jane Gacasan Morilla , Loren Grace Jaranilla Anunciado , Lilybeth Flores Olowa , Olive Anies Amparado
The Pili (Canarium ovatum Engl.) tree, native to the Philippines, has been reported to have medicinal properties because of the biological and chemical properties it exhibits. This paper aimed to investigate the presence of phytochemicals, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of C. ovatum. To determine the phytochemicals, present in the extract, standard procedures for qualitative phytochemical screening were performed. The antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed in vitro using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The anticancer activity of the extract was assessed in vitro using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay against the HCT116 cancer cell line. Phytochemical screening of C. ovatum ethanolic leaf extract detected alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. The extract had extremely high antioxidant activity (IC50=11.44 mg/L). The MTT assay revealed moderate cytotoxic activity of the leaf extract to HCT116 cancer cell line (IC50=94.43 mg/L). These findings suggest that the C. ovatum ethanolic leaf extract has therapeutic potential because of the presence of beneficial phytochemicals, strong antioxidant activity, and anticancer capacity. Futher research is recommended to comprehensively evaluate the medicinal potential of Pili leaf extracts, including exploring other biological activities using various assays and employing different solvents for leaf extraction.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 827-835
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Understanding HIV transmission and prevention among men who have sex with men in a sexual health clinic

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24552
Suriya Kumareswaran , Bala Murali Sundram
This comprehensive study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) concerning human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission and prevention among men who have sex with men (MSM) in a sexually transmitted infections (STI)-friendly clinic in Johor, Malaysia. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, the study analyses data from 421 MSM patients, emphasizing the critical role of sociodemographic factors in influencing HIV-related behaviours. The majority of participants, mostly with tertiary education, displayed a sound understanding of HIV, with 71% showing good knowledge on HIV prevention and transmission. However, there remain gaps in knowledge, particularly among those with lesser education, and in practices related to condom use and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). The study highlights a stark disparity in HIV-related attitudes and practices based on education level, employment status, and income. Notably, those with higher education and income levels demonstrate more responsible practices and better knowledge, underscoring the need for tailored educational programs. The findings call for comprehensive and targeted interventions, considering the diverse backgrounds of individuals, to effectively mitigate the risk of HIV infection. This research is vital in the absence of a definitive cure for HIV and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), emphasizing preventive measures based on accurate information and positive attitudes towards the disease.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 569-575
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Artificial intelligence model for the prediction of cannabis addiction

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25786
Abdelilah Elhachimi , Mohamed Eddabbah , Abdelhafid Benksim , Ibanni Hamid , Mohamed Cherkaoui
A novel approach for predicting cannabis addiction has been introduced by integrating combined machine learning (ML) algorithms, specifically K-means clustering and linear regression (LR). The study, conducted in Marrakech, Morocco, at a center linked to the National Association for drug-risk reduction (DRR), involved 146 participants. Among those with prior cannabis use, one subgroup included passive users, while another exhibited cannabis dependence. The research utilised features derived from patient data, emphasising psycho-cognitive state, addiction status, and socio-demographic factors. The goal was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combined ML algorithms (K-means + LR) in distinguishing between addicted and non-addicted individuals using real-world data from a primary care addiction center. The findings indicate that the proposed method delivers balanced results, achieving an overall accuracy of 70%, a sensitivity of 65%, and a specificity of 86%. These results are particularly noteworthy when compared to other ML studies in addiction research. The combined algorithm demonstrates promising potential with competitive accuracy and high specificity. Further efforts to improve sensitivity and validate the model in diverse settings will be essential for advancing predictive modeling in this field. Our findings contribute to existing research by developing simple and effective tools for early detection of cannabis addiction, potentially aiding in the creation of preventive and therapeutic strategies to reduce its prevalence.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1076-1087
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Green synthesis of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles from chicken eggshell waste as antibacterial agent

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.23869
Agus Purnomo , Rodhiansyah Djayasinga
Chicken eggshell waste, though abundant in CaCO3 that can be converted into various products like calcium hydroxide nanoparticles (NPs), has received limited attention. This study aimed to synthesize calcium hydroxide NPs from eggshell waste and evaluate their antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The researchers employed a top-down approach with thermal decomposition to produce environmentall-friendly calcium hydroxide NPs, and conducted in vitro tests to assess their antibacterial activity, with and without exposure to sunlight. The minimum inhibitory concentration and disc diffusion methods were used to evaluate the antibacterial effects. X-Ray diffraction analysis confirmed the synthesis of calcium hydroxide NPs. Further, a paired T-test showed that the calcium hydroxide NPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against both bacterial through photocatalytic mechanisms, in comparison to their performance without such techniques. The utilization of green synthesis techniques to produce materials with potential antimicrobial applications presents significant developmental opportunities for the future.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 927-935
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Knowledge, attitude, and practice among the Indian population regarding COVID-19 using LASI-DAD COVID-19 data

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.23836
Ala Saritha , Rohit Jangra , Lekha Bhat , Neena Elezebeth Philip
During the COVID-19 pandemic, India was one of the worst-hit countries in terms of the number of cases and deaths. Knowledge, attitude, and practice play an important role in reducing disease transmission. This study uses a nationally represented large data set to understand the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of COVID-19 among the Indian population. This cross-sectional study utilized Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia for the Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI-DAD) COVID-19 data which provides information on respondents’ demographics, socioeconomic effects, health status, behaviour, perceptions, and attitudes toward COVID-19. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and regression were performed to find the results. Out of 3,797 respondents, 1,929 (50.8%) accounted for males and 1,868 (49.2%) for females; rural respondents were 40.3% and urban were 59.7%. The findings show that the respondent’s knowledge about COVID-19 was improved from rounds 1 to 4 and 7, but attitude from round 2 to round 8 and behaviour from round 1 to round 9 were poor. In multivariate analysis, males (AOR=1.855; CI=1.129-3.048; p=0.015) and people residing in urban areas (AOR=1.698; CI=1.050-2.745; p=0.031) had a good level of knowledge towards COVID-19 when compared to their females, and rural counterparts. Despite a good level of knowledge about COVID-19 among the Indian population, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 were poor. There is a need to establish and implement effective policies and interventions to improve people’s behaviour towards COVID-19 and similar pandemics that the world might encounter in the future.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 634-642
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Organizational and leadership factors affecting the quality of nurse performance in hospitals

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.23542
Retno Twistiandayani , Rizki Dwi Prameswari , Daviq Ayatulloh , Diah Priyantini
The purpose of this study was to analyze organizational and leadership factors that affect the quality of nurse performance in hospitals. A cross-sectional study in 162 respondents conducted at Universitas Airlangga Hospital in May-June 2021. Variable organizational factors (resources, rewards, work structure and design), leadership factors (competence, job meaning, autonomy and impact), and the quality of nurse performance were measured using a questionnaire that had been modified by the researcher and declared valid (r table=0.351-1.000) and reliable (0.919-0.980), the data were then analyzed using logistic regression. Organizational factors consisting of resources (p=0.001), rewards (p=0.012), structure (p=0.029) and work design (p=0.013) showed a significant relationship with the quality of work, as well as organizational factors consisting of competence (p=0.043), job meaning (0.035), autonomy (0.021) and impact (0.025). The strongest results are shown in the quality of nurse resources. Improving the quality of performance of nurses must pay attention to organizational factors and influencing leadership factors, with the most dominant factor being the quality of nurse resources.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 790-798
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Hypertensive patients: self-care experience in rural community

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24171
Joko Susanto , Makhfudli Makhfudli , Ilkafah Ilkafah , Anestasia Pangestu Mei Tyas , Ah. Yusuf , Iswatun Iswatun
Hypertension is a chronic disease that often occurs in the world. Individual involvement in self-care is very important, in controlling blood pressure. The inability to carry out treatment will increase the risk and complications. The aim study is to explore the experiences and behavior of self-management and self-care of hypertension patients. The study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The technique for taking participants was a purposive sampling of ten hypertensive patients. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews and then analyzed thematically based on the methodological framework of constructivist basic theory. Participant statements describing patient experiences in self-care include six themes, namely the cause of recurrences, emotional response, social support, self-care behavior, barriers to self-care, access to health facilities. The support factors of social support from family, health workers, and affordability of health services greatly influence self-care. An adequate support system, especially from nurses, is needed by patients because it will increase active participation so that patients will try to improve their care and skills in self-care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 951-958
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Do gender, age, and emotional intelligence affect the emotional regulation of adolescents involved in cyberbullying?

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24335
Nia Agustiningsih , Ah Yusuf , Ahsan Ahsan , Dwi Indah Iswanti , I Made Moh. Yanuar Saifudin
The objective of this study was to explore how age, gender, and emotional intelligence impact emotion regulation in adolescents participating in cyberbullying. A cross-sectional study was conducted in January 2023, involving 108 teenagers selected through purposive sampling. Data, gathered through a demographic questionnaire, Revised Cyberbullying Inventory II, and an emotional intelligence questionnaire, were analyzed using descriptive and multiple regression methods. The findings revealed that age, gender, and emotional intelligence collectively influence situation modification, accounting for a 2.52% impact (p-value=0.024). Emotional intelligence demonstrated effects on both situation modification and attentional deployment in individuals playing the roles of victims and perpetrators (p-value=0.018). In the case of adolescents acting as perpetrators, age, gender, and emotional intelligence collectively exhibited significant influence on attention deployment, contributing to a 9.83% impact (p-value=0.01). For adolescents who abstain from participating, the modulation response is simultaneously affected by age, gender, and emotional intelligence (p-value<0.001), resulting in a 4.44% influence. Notably, age, gender, and emotional intelligence were identified as factors influencing emotion regulation at various stages, depending on whether adolescents played the roles of victims, victims-perpetrators, or perpetrators. it is recommended that mental health nurses implement tailored emotion regulation interventions for adolescents involved in cyberbullying.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 692-700
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders among informal garment workers in Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24285
Wipa Chuppawa , Wisit Thongkum , Wittaya Yoosuk , Kukiat Tudpor
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs), characterized by abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system, pose a significant health concern with increasing trends in illness and injuries. Informal workers are not covered by the social security scheme of insurance, preventing them from immediate healthcare services. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and environmental risk factors influencing WRMDs among non-agricultural informal garment workers in Kalasin, totaling 296 individuals. Data were collected using the standardized Nordic questionnaire, descriptive statistics, and binary logistic regression. Results revealed 79.7% and 82.8% prevalence for WRMD symptoms in the past seven days and 12 months, respectively. The statistical analysis showed that improper workstations were the most influential (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=6.257, p=0.002, 95% confidence of interval (CI) [1.921, 20.388], followed by work-related stress (WRS) (adjusted OR=4.248, P=0.007, 95% CI [1.475, 12.231]. Moreover, inadequate lighting (adjusted OR=3.693, P<0.001, 95% CI [1.819, 7.497] and prolonged repetitive tasks lasting 3 5 minutes (adjusted OR=2.686, p=0.023, 95% CI [1.143, 6.309] were also contributing factors to the WRMDs symptoms. In conclusion, the prevalence of WRMDs among informal garment workers in Kalasin was high, mainly due to improper workstations and WRS.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 773-778
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Evaluation implementation growth monitoring and promotion: a case study East Lampung district

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24094
Kiki Kamilah , Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati , Noormarina Indraswari
The implementation of growth monitoring and promotion (GMP), which functions to monitor the growth and development of toddlers, is carried out by integrated service post community health volunteers (CHVs) (in Indonesia called Posyandu), allegedly has not been implemented properly. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of GMP, its barriers, and supporting factors. The research design is concurrent mixed methods. Quantitative data collection was carried out using GMP practice observation sheets with a sample of 30 CHVs. GMP practice observations were carried out by three observers and the results were analyzed using multi facet Rasch measurement (MFRM). Qualitative data was collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with 27 informants. The research results show that GMP practices in the components of growth measurement, plotting measurement results, interpretation of growth indicators, and counseling still need to be improved. Barriers to implementing GMP are human resources, facilities, and infrastructure, lack of motivation, attitude of mothers of toddlers, inadequate capacity of CHV Posyandu, and lack of village government support. Supporting the implementation of GMP is the participation, monitoring, and role of CHVs in human development. The research concludes that the practice of implementing GMP in these four components is considered not optimal. It is recommended that Posyandu CHVs need to increase their capacity in implementing GMP so that the growth and development of children under five can be properly monitored to prevent early malnutrition and stunting.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 622-633
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Millet consumption in type 2 diabetics in urban slums of India: a pilot study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.25422
Pooja Sohil , Sudhanshu Mahajan , Rupeshkumar Deshmukh , Jayashree Gothankar , Saibal Adhya
Diabetes is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, affecting people regardless of their country, age group, or sex. Considering the growing prevalence of diabetes among low socioeconomic groups in developing countries like India, the present study aims to determine the prevalence of millet consumption in urban slums in Pune, India. A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted at a private medical college’s field practice area in Pune from January to March 2024. The study focused on individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A pre-designed, pretested semi-structured paperless questionnaire in the Kobo tool app was used to collect information on socio-demographic information, consumption of millet, and diabetes-related information. A total of 30 type 2 diabetics were interviewed as a pilot study. Of these, 53.57% were females, and 46.43% were males. The prevalence of millet consumption was 93% in type 2 diabetics. Sorghum was the most consumed millet amongst all other millet. Age >50 years, education >10th pass, and non-alcoholics were significantly associated with satisfactory consumption of millet. Diversifying diets with nutritious foods like millet can help reduce health-related burdens, including type 2 diabetes. This is important for policy-making and prioritizing diabetes self-care interventions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 904-911
Publish at: 2025-06-01

An analysis of the maternal health referral system: a case study of the BAKSOKUDA system in Central Lombok, Indonesia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24349
Sastrawan Sastrawan , Lalu Sulaiman , Eva Erawati
Maternal mortality remains a critical concern in Central Lombok, with over 50% of maternal deaths in hospitals involving cases referred through the BAKSOKUDA referral system. This suggests potential failures within the referral process, raising concerns about systemic issues compromising maternal health emergencies. This research uses a qualitative case study methodology to investigate the BAKSOKUDA system, aiming to identify the challenges contributing to high maternal mortality and provide insights for improving healthcare outcomes. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with eleven participants: midwives, doctors, nurses, and a hospital manager. Thematic analysis identified several critical issues: communication breakdowns, inconsistent adherence to protocols, difficulties in securing family cooperation, inadequate infrastructure, and lack of community support for blood donation. These findings highlight four interrelated components—human resources, the professional environment, patients and families, and community support—as central to effective maternal health systems. To address these challenges, the study recommends enhancing communication and protocol adherence, providing comprehensive midwife training, promoting cultural sensitivity, and addressing systemic issues like ambulance availability. Strategic planning, resource allocation, and regional coordination are essential to improving infrastructure and ensuring effective referrals. The findings stress the need for a holistic approach, continuous improvement, and active community engagement to optimize maternal care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 740-748
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Relationship quality and its effects on college student’s psychological well-being

10.11591/ijphs.v14i2.24698
Afinnisa Rasyida , Maria Angelisa Siregar , Alifiah Nur'izza Rachmah , Raden Roro Fitria Rachmawati , Ivena Nathania Victor , Kezia Jeni Hindrawan
The field of psychological well-being is extensively studied globally, encompassing positive relationships as a notable facet. Presently, there is a discourse emphasizing the need for research on relationships to encompass both positive and negative aspects, along with their effects on an individual’s overall well-being. The study aimed to identify the impacts of relationship qualities of three sources (parental, friendship, and romantic relationships) on college students’ psychological well-being. The 251 college students in Surabaya (Indonesia) and 139 college students in Hangzhou (China), selected using purposive sampling technique, were involved in this research. All participants have at least three social networks/sources of relationship, i.e., parents, best friends, and romantic partners. The network of relationships inventory -relationship quality version (NRI-RQV) was given to identify the qualities of relationship participants have from the three sources. Participants’ psychological well-being was observed using the PERMA-Profiler. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). In both countries, students highlight that the quality of the relationship between parents and college students has the most substantial influence on their psychological well-being, with parental approval being one of the key components. This finding provides valuable insights for developing an effective support system for college students.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 978-988
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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