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28,719 Article Results

Advanced control techniques for performance improvement of axial flux machines

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1095-1107
Kalpana Anumala , Ramesh Babu Veligatla
The topological advancements in twin rotor axial flux induction motors (TRAxFIMs) have spurred the interest in performance optimization and control strategies for electric vehicle (EV) applications in particular. This paper investigates for the enhanced performance of multi-level inverters (MLIs) fed TRAxFIMs with different advanced control techniques. The performance evaluation is done under variable speed conditions at constant torque and vice versa. The TRAxFIMs offer unique advantages like high power density, high efficiency and most suitable for EV applications. The performance analysis of MLIs fed TRAxFIM has been carried out with proportional-integral (PI), fuzzy controllers, and artificial neural network (ANN) controllers. The PI controller provides a conventional control approach, while the fuzzy and ANN controllers serve as advanced control strategies. The integration of MLIs and advanced control techniques with TRAxFIMs aims to enhance dynamic response, stability and efficiency. The proposed control strategies are evaluated through extensive MATLAB simulations and the potential of MLIs fed TRAxFIMs is emphasized for EV applications.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1095-1107
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Review of NLP in EMR: abbreviation, diagnosis, and ICD classification

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp881-891
Nurul Anis Balqis Iqbal Basheer , Sharifalillah Nordin , Sazzli Shahlan Kasim , Azliza Mohd Ali , Nurzeatul Hamimah Abdul Hamid
This review explores state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) methods applied to electronic medical records (EMRs) for key tasks such as expanding medical abbreviations, automated diagnosis generation, international classification of diseases (ICD) classification, and explaining model outcomes. With the growing digitization of healthcare data, the complexity of EMR analysis presents a significant challenge for accurate and interpretable results. This paper evaluates various methodologies, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and potential for improving clinical decision-making. Special attention is given to abbreviation expansion as a crucial step for disambiguating terms in the clinical text, followed by an exploration of auto-diagnosis models and ICD code assignment techniques. Finally, interpretability methods like integrated gradients and attention-based approaches are reviewed to understand model predictions and their applicability in healthcare. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in leveraging NLP for clinical text analysis.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 881-891
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Navigating predictive landscapes of cloud burst prediction approaches: insights from comparative research

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1146-1155
Anil Hingmire , Sunayana Jadhav , Megha Trivedi , Karan Sankhe , Omkar Khanolkar , Yukta Patil
Cloud burst forecasting remains an evolving field that grapples with the complexities of atmospheric phenomena and their impact on local environments. Cloud bursts in hilly regions demand robust predictive models to mitigate risks. This study addresses the challenge of imbalanced cloud burst occurrences, emphasizing the need for accurate predictions to minimize damage. It develops and evaluates a machine learning-based forecasting approach that includes several weather factors such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and atmospheric pressure. The study also tackles the imbalance in cloud burst data. A dual-axis chart visually merges cloud burst occurrences with weather parameters, providing insights into their relationships over time. The model’s overall accuracy is 0.68, with precision and recall for cloud burst events at 0.25 and 0.07, respectively, and an F1-score of 0.11. However, when it comes to forecasting non-cloud burst occurrences, it shows a high precision of 0.72. This study evaluates machine learning models for cloud burst prediction, highlighting random forest as the top performer with an accuracy of 85.43%, effectively balancing true positives and true negatives while minimizing misclassifications. This research contributes to cloud burst prediction, offering performance insights and suggesting avenues for future exploration.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1146-1155
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Design of miniaturized dual-band bandpass filter with enhanced selectivity for GPS and RFID applications

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp993-1001
Thupalli Shaik Mahammed Basha , Arun Raaza , Vishakha Bhujbal , Meena Mathivanan
This article presents a miniaturized interdigital coupled dual-band bandpass filter with multiple transmission zeros/poles. Stepped impedance resonators, interdigital coupled lines, and series coupled lines make up the proposed filter design. A circuit simulator is used to analyze a proposed filter, and the magnitude and bandwidth shifts have been investigated. To confirm the proposed filter design, equations for transmission zero frequencies have been constructed and verified based on even-odd mode analysis and lossless transmission line theory. A working prototype for 2.2 GHz (RFID) and 1.38 GHz (GPS) applications is made and tested. With λg representing the guided wavelength at the first band (1.38GHz), the finished prototype is compact, measuring 0.32 λg×0.27 λg. According to the experimental findings, there is strong selectivity in the first and second passbands, with roll-off rates of 190 and 168 dB/GHz, respectively. Good isolation between the two passbands is indicated by an insertion loss of less than 20 dB.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 993-1001
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Digital control of plant development through sensors and microcontrollers in Kosova

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1072-1084
Ragmi M. Mustafa , Kujtim R. Mustafa , Refik Ramadani
The plant monitoring system aims to develop an automated solution for optimizing plant growth. Using the Arduino Uno ATMEGA328P microcontroller module and various sensors, this system regulates environmental conditions to promote optimal plant development. It requires adequate software to operate effectively, enabling the microcontroller to monitor and regulate climatic conditions. The primary goal of this paper is to present a comprehensive system that continuously measures parameters such as light intensity, air humidity, and soil moisture in real time within a vegetable greenhouse or a plastic-covered plant environment. This scientific paper provides an in-depth description of the hardware components used, their electronic connections, and the implementation of program code written in C++. Based on the measured physical parameters, the plant monitoring system performs specific actions, such as watering the plants and regulating the ambient temperature. In conclusion, this system effectively supports healthy plant growth and enhances the quality and yield of plant products. The paper serves as a practical example for improving plant cultivation in the agricultural sector in the Republic of Kosova.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1072-1084
Publish at: 2025-12-01

The relationship between physical activity engagement and internet addiction among students in rural academia

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34969
Jomar Esto , Lara Ivanah C. Nadela , Marichu Calixtro , Cheeze R. Janito , Evangeline Gaspar , Jr., Ruben L. Tagare , Argin A. Gulanes , Michelle R. Dee , Japy O. Sumambot , Pink Floyd M. Boyles , Erika Acera , William R. Pregunta , Jan Lincon Rivas
This study explores the relationship between physical activity engagement and internet addiction among university students in a rural Philippine academic setting—an understudied context where digital reliance and limited physical access converge. Employing a rigorous quantitative approach through a descriptive-correlational design, the study involved 892 respondents selected via simple random sampling from a premier state university. Data were gathered using the culturally adaptable international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and the internet addiction test (InAT), both established and reliable tools for assessing physical activity levels and problematic internet use. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation coefficient, were utilized to analyze patterns and relationships within the data. The results indicate a significant negative correlation between physical activity engagement and internet addiction, suggesting that higher physical activity is associated with lower levels of problematic internet use. This finding underscores the protective role of physical activity against digital overdependence and highlights the need to contextualize behavioral health strategies within rural academic environments. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, educators, and researchers aiming to support student well-being through integrative health and technology-use frameworks.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4937-4947
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Interpersonal conflicts as a predictor of academic performance among secondary school students

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.33799
Abigael Cherono , Ciriaka Gitonga Muriithi , Elizabeth Atieno Obura
There is a global concern about promoting peaceful coexistence in school learning environments. Interpersonal conflicts in schools can lead to academic difficulties and violent interactions among the students. The academic performance among students in Embu East Sub-County has not been satisfactory and has become an issue of concern. The study conducted a quantitative correlational study to determine the relationship between interpersonal conflicts and students’ academic performance. A correlational research design was used, involving a sample of 357 form 2 students sampled through simple random sampling. Data were collected using the interpersonal conflict questionnaire and document analysis. The items in the questionnaire yielded a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient value of 0.759. Data were analyzed using inferential statistics, including Pearson’s correlation and simple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed a weak negative and statistically significant relationship between interpersonal conflicts and academic performance among the students (β=-0.152**, p=0.008). The study concludes that interpersonal conflict engagement among students leads to poor academic performance. Therefore, schools should prioritize integrating programs that build interpersonal and social skills among students to improve interpersonal relationships and academic performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4821-4831
Publish at: 2025-12-01

SHIELD: Security based hybrid autonomous deep learning network for load balancing in cloud

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp439-449
Loga Priyadarshini Kathirmalaiyan , Nithya Muthu
Load balancing in the Internet of Things (IoT) enhances the efficiency of the system by dynamically allocating tasks across devices and cloud resources. However, task scheduling struggles with unpredictable tasks, scalability, security risks, and unauthorized access control. To overcome these limitations, a novel security-based hybrid autonomous deep learning network for load balancing in cloud (SHIELD) framework has been proposed for secure task scheduling in cloud resources. Initially, the data received from the IoT devices is passed under certain security constraints to ensure the authenticity of the data. These privacy-preserved data are fed to the task scheduling module, which is employed by the dual DL Network to generate a schedule for resource management. Finally, cloud resources employ optimal allocation of tasks based on the generated schedule to ensure secure load balancing. The proposed framework is simulated by using Cloud Simulator 7G (CloudSim7G). The SHIELD framework is assessed by such metrics, including accuracy, recall, precision, F1-score, and specificity. In comparison, the proposed SHIELD framework achieves a privacy overhead of 14% outperforms the existing QODA-LB, Best-KFF, SPSO-TCS, and VMMISD techniques by achieving 10%, 11%, 12%, and 13% respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 439-449
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A method integral sliding mode control to minimize chattering in sliding mode control of robot manipulator

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp345-355
Mai Hoang Nguyen , Truc Thi Kim Nguyen
This paper presents an improved sliding mode control (SMC) strategy for robotic manipulators by introducing a novel exponential integral-based adaptive gain law, referred to as integral sliding mode control (ISMC). The proposed approach dynamically adjusts the switching gain KKK in real-time, based on the accumulated system error, thereby effectively reducing chattering while preserving system robustness. Unlike many existing methods, the ISMC strategy eliminates the need for state observers or complex estimation techniques, simplifying implementation. Theoretical analysis is provided using Lyapunov stability theory, ensuring global convergence. Simulation results on 2-DOF and 3-DOF robotic arms demonstrate superior tracking accuracy and smoother control signals compared to conventional SMC approaches. This work contributes a lightweight yet effective SMC enhancement with practical benefits for real-world robotic applications.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 345-355
Publish at: 2025-12-01

STEM teaching competency framework for pre-service teacher: a study in Vietnam

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.35387
Phan Nguyen Truc Phuong , Bui Van Hong , Dinh Van De
Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has been emphasized in Vietnam’s new general education curriculum; however, the teaching competencies of pre-service teachers in this area remain underexplored. This study addresses that gap by proposing and validating a STEM teaching competency framework tailored for pre-service teachers. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including literature review, expert interviews, and surveys. The sample consisted of 400 participants— pre-service teachers, in-service teachers, and lecturers—selected through stratified random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS 24. Reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.724) and construct validity was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Results indicate that pre-service teachers face challenges in interdisciplinary integration, classroom organization, and technology application. The proposed framework includes five key domains: understanding STEM education, designing integrated lessons, organizing learning environments, implementing instruction, and evaluating and improving teaching practices. This study offers a reliable and practical tool to assess and enhance STEM teaching competencies. Its novelty lies in contextualizing competencies for pre-service teachers in Vietnam. The framework has practical implications for teacher training programs and policy development, and further application across teacher education institutions is recommended.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4734-4743
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Digital skills for science-based teaching among Jordanian science teachers: evidence from DiKoLAN framework

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34453
Sameera Alshorman , Saed Y. Aldaraghmeh
This study examines the digital competencies of Jordanian science teachers using the DiKoLAN framework, assessing seven key domains: presentation (PRE), documentation (DOC), data processing (DAP), communication and collaboration (COM), information search and evaluation (ISE), data acquisition (DAQ), and simulation and modelling (SIM). Employing a mixed-methods design, it integrates survey data from 164 teachers with interview insights from 14 participants. The findings show high proficiency in PRE (M=4.48) and DOC (M=4.28), but lower scores in SIM (M=3.53), reflecting limited integration of advanced tools like artificial intelligence (AI) simulations. Private school teachers reported greater access to resources and training, while public school counterparts faced infrastructural and developmental barriers. The results highlight the need for targeted, subject-specific training and equitable resource allocation to support digital integration in science education. These insights inform policy and curriculum development aimed at bridging digital competency gaps.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4874-4886
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Pneumonia detection system using convolutional neural network with DenseNet201 architecture

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1172-1178
Muhammad Qomaruddin , Andi Riansyah , Hildan Mulyo Hermawan , Moch Taufik
The diagnosis of pneumonia remains a significant challenge for medical practitioners worldwide, particularly in regions with limited healthcare resources. Traditional interpretation of chest X-rays is time-consuming and often subjective, especially when images are of low quality. This study presents the development of a web-based system utilizing the DenseNet201 architecture to address these challenges. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate three optimizers Adam, Adamax, and Adadelta over fifty epochs. Among them, Adamax yielded the best performance, achieving a training accuracy of 93.67% and a validation accuracy of 94.20%. When tested on new data, the system consistently delivered high performance, with accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score all reaching 96%. These results suggest that the proposed system has the potential to significantly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of pneumonia diagnosis based on chest X-rays.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1172-1178
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Electric load forecasting using ARIMA model for time series data

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp830-836
Balasubramanian Belshanth , Haran Prasad , Thirumalaivasal Devanathan Sudhakar
Any country's economic progress is heavily reliant on its power infrastructure, network, and availability, as energy has become an essential component of daily living in today's globe. Electricity's distinctive quality is that it cannot be stored in huge quantities, which explains why global demand for home and commercial electricity has grown at an astonishing rate. On the other hand, electricity costs have varied in recent years, and there is insufficient electricity output to meet global and local demand. The solution is a series of case studies designed to forecast future residential and commercial electricity demand so that power producers, transformers, distributors, and suppliers may efficiently plan and encourage energy savings for consumers. However, load prognosticasting has been one of the most difficult issues confronting the energy business since the inception of electricity. This study covers a new one–dimensional approach algorithm that is essential for the creation of a short–term load prognosticasting module for distribution system design and operation. It has numerous operations, including energy purchase, generation, and infrastructure construction. We have numerous time series forecasting methods of which autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) outperforms the others. The auto–regressive integrated moving average model, or ARIMA, outperforms all other techniques for load forecasting.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 830-836
Publish at: 2025-12-01

The bootstrap procedure for selecting the number of principal components in PCA

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp1136-1145
Borislava Toleva
The initial step in determining the number of principal components for both classification and regression involves evaluating how much each component contributes to the total variance in the data. Based on this analysis, a subset of components that explains the highest percentage of variance is typically selected. However, multiple valid combinations may exist, and the final choice is often made manually by the researcher. This study introduces a novel yet straightforward algorithm for the automatic selection of the number of principal components. By integrating ANOVA and bootstrapping with principal component analysis (PCA), the proposed method enables automatic component selection in classification tasks. The algorithm is evaluated using three publicly available datasets and applied with both decision tree and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Results indicate that this automated procedure not only eliminates researcher bias in selecting components but also improves classification accuracy. Unlike traditional methods, it selects a single optimal combination of principal components without manual intervention, offering a new and efficient approach to PCAbased model development.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1136-1145
Publish at: 2025-12-01

An artificial intelligent system for cotton leaf disease detection

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp950-959
Priyanka Nilesh Jadhav , Pragati Prashant Patil , Nitesh Sureja , Nandini Chaudhari , Heli Sureja
This study aims to develop a deep learning-based system for the detection and classification of diseases in cotton leaves, with the goal of aiding in early diagnosis and disease management, thereby enhancing agricultural productivity in India. The study utilizes a dataset of cotton leaf images, classified into four categories: Fusarium wilt, Curl virus, Bacterial blight, and Healthy leaves. The dataset is used to train and evaluate various CNN models such as basic CNN, VGG19, Xception, InceptionV3, and ResNet50. These models were evaluated on their accuracy in identifying the presence of diseases and classifying cotton leaf images into the respective categories. The models were trained using standard deep learning frameworks and optimized for high performance. The results indicated that ResNet50 achieved the highest accuracy of 100%, followed by InceptionV3 with 98.75%, and VGG19 and Xception both with 97.50%. The basic CNN model showed an accuracy of 96.25%. These models demonstrated strong potential for accurate multi-class classification of cotton leaf diseases. This study emphasizes the potential of deep learning in agricultural diagnostics. Future research can focus on improving model robustness, incorporating larger datasets, and deploying the system for real-time field use to assist farmers in disease management and improving cotton production.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 950-959
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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