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31,377 Article Results

Designing cantilever dimension for low power wireless applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp758-764
Md Rabiul Awal , Muzammil Jusoh , R. Badlishah Ahmad , Thennarasan Sabapathy , M. Najib M. Yasin , Mohd Hafizuddin Mat
This paper presents the effect of cantilever width on the displacement pattern for low power acoustic energy propagation. A single layer cantilever configuration is used to design the harvester with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-5H). The device is designed with 10×(1 to 10)×0.62 mm dimension. The displacements of the cantilever are obtained through the simulation analysis. The maximum displacements are found of 9.80E-28 mm with the smallest width while minimum displacement is found from 5 mm width. From the results, it is obvious that, smaller width can result larger displacements, however, rectangular and square cantilever shape can be advantageous for low power applications.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 758-764
Publish at: 2019-05-01

The effect of insulator geometrical profile on electric field distributions

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp618-627
Ali A. Salem , R. Abd-Rahman , M. S. Kamarudin , H. Ahmed , N.A. M. Jamail , N. A. Othman , M.F. M. Yousof , M. T. Ishak , S. Al-Ameri
In recent years, silicone rubber (SIR) insulators are use widely on high voltage transmission lines, particularly in heavy polluted environment. The performance of SIR in highly dependent on electric field profile that may lead to other serious problem such as ageing and flashover phenomenon. In this paper, electric field and potential distribution around insulator profile were computed using finite element method approach. Insulator geometrical profile i.e. shed radius, inclination angle, width and length has been varied and analyzed. Simulation results reveal that electric field is greatest at area near to the ground and high voltage terminal. Several recommendations have been proposed on insulator profile in achieving optimized electrical performance of the insulator.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 618-627
Publish at: 2019-05-01

A concurrent dual-band CMOS low noise amplifier at 2.4/5.2 GHz for WLAN applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp555-563
S.A.Z. Murad , A. F. Hasan , A. Azizan , A. Harun , J. Karim
This paper presents a concurrent dual-band CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) at operating frequency of 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz for WLAN applications. The proposed LNA employed cascode common source to obtain high gain using 0.13-µm CMOS technology. The concurrent dual-band frequencies are matched using LC network band-pass and band-stop notch filter at the input and output stages. The filters help to shape the frequency response of the proposed LNA. The simulation results indicate that the LNA achieves a forward gain of 21.8 dB and 14.22 dB, input return loss of -18 dB and -14 dB at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively. The noise figure of 4.1 dB and 3.5 dB with the input third-order intercept points 7 dBm and 10 dBm are obtained at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz, respectively. The LNA dissipates 2.4 mW power at 1.2 V supply voltage with a chip size of 1.69 mm2.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 555-563
Publish at: 2019-05-01

An approach to building energy clusters using particle swarm optimization algorithm for allocating the tasks in computational grid

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp826-833
Rashedul Islam , Md Nasim Akhtar , Badlishah R Ahmad , Utpal Kanti Das , Mostafijur Rahman , Zahereel Ishwar Abdul Khalib
The proper mapping in case of allocation of available tasks among particles is a challenging job to accomplish. It requires proper procedural approach and effectual algorithm or strategy. The deterministic polynomial time for task allocation problem is relative. The existence of proper and exact approach for allocation problem is void. However, for the survival of the grid and executing the assigned tasks, the reserved tasks need to be allocated equally among the particles of the grid space. At the same time, the applied model for task allocation must not consume unnecessary time and memory. We applied Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for allocating the task. Additionally, the particles will be divided into three clusters based on their energy level. Each cluster will have its own cluster header. Cluster headers will be used to search the task into space. In a single cluster, particles member will be of same energy level status such as full energy, half energy, and no energy level. As a result, the system will use the limited time for searching task for the remaining tasks in it if a particular task requires allocating half task to a particle.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 826-833
Publish at: 2019-05-01

The impact of electronic payment on electronic shopping decision in Jordan

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp1018-1024
Khaled Aldiabat
Rapid changes in the world of the Internet have led to changes in the electronic markets, especially the speed of information creation compared to normal markets, the reduction of the time between the search and the product, and the ability of the seller and buyer to deal with each other despite the distance between them, The electronic shopping decision depends on the method of payment. This study attempts to measure the effect of e-cards on the decision of e-shopping in Jordan through four aspects, namely: use and reliability, trust and safety, type of e-card and perception. The study reiterated that there is a positive relationship between the use and reliability of electronic cards and the decision of electronic shopping, where the use of electronic cards increases the decision of online shopping, the study also concluded that the type of electronic card and payment method affects the electronic purchase decision (credit card, debit card, prepaid card, cash on delivery).
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1018-1024
Publish at: 2019-05-01

2.45 GHz wearable rectenna array design for microwave energy harvesting

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp677-687
Syahirah Shawalil , Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani , Hasliza A. Rahim
This paper presents a design of a wearable textile microstrip patch rectifying antenna (rectenna) array operating for wireless body area network (WBAN) at the center frequency, fc of 2.45 GHz.  Precisely, jeans or denim with the relative permittivity,  = 1.70 and thickness of 1.00 mm is chosen as a substrate attached to SheildIt Super as a conductive material with the thickness, h of 0.17 mm and conductivity of 6.67  105 S/m, respectively. In the first stage, a microstrip patch antenna array layout with the inset fed technique is designed and simulated by using the Keysight Advanced Design System (ADS) software.  In the second stage, a wearable textile microstrip patch antenna array is fabricated, integrated, and hidden inside the jeans fabric.  In the third stage, the rectifier circuit layout on the flame retardant-4    (FR-4) printed circuit board (PCB) with the dielectric constant,  = 4.7, thickness, h = 1.6 mm, and loss tangent, δ = 0.018 that can generate radio frequency-direct current (RF-DC) conversion is designed and simulated using the ADS software  Each simulation result and fabrication measurement shows that the designed antenna array characteristics are suitable for an industrial, scientific, and medical radio (ISM) band by having the reflection coefficient, S11 less than -10 decibel (dB) at the respective resonant frequency, fr.  Moreover, through simulation, the output DC voltage for the bridge rectifier circuit is from 132 mV to 5.01 V with the corresponding power conversion efficiency (PCE) between 3.48% and 50.20% whereas for the voltage doubler rectifier, the output DC voltage is from 417 mV to 2.91 V with the corresponding PCE between 34.78% and 53.56%, respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 677-687
Publish at: 2019-05-01

An overview of available metamaterial-based antenna for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer treatment

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp697-705
Nabilah Abdul Jaffar , Norlida Buniyamin , Kasumawati Lias
This paper presents the outcome of a literature review that an overview of various types of antenna and metamaterial applicator performance towards cancerous tissue or cell for non-invasive hyperthermia cancer treatment (NIHCT) procedure. From the review, it shows that when LHM lens integrated with an antenna, focusing capabilities of the antenna towards the cancerous area can be improved. However, current applicators have a poor focusing effect when directed towards the actual tumor area. In conjunction with that, this paper proposes a new design of modified applicator that is microstrip antenna integrated with left-handed metamaterial (LHM) lens. The antenna termed microstrip-LHM (M-LHM) lens antenna is proposed for use in NIHCT. It is expected to improve the focusing capabilities of an antenna which is used to kill the cancerous area and thus improve the hyperthermia cancer treatment procedure success rate. In addition, this paper provides an overview of heating techniques used in hyperthermia to enhance focusing capabilities and a few metamaterial advantages that can improve the focusing effect and reduced the hot-spots. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) will be investigated to evaluate the focusing abilities of the proposed applicator using the SEMCAD X Solver.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 697-705
Publish at: 2019-05-01

A hypothesis of state covariance decorrelation effects to partial observability SLAM

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp588-596
H Ahmad , N.A Othman , M M Saari , M S Ramli , M M Mazlan , T Namerikawa
This paper analyze the performance of partial observability in simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM) problem. The study focuses mainly on the effect of having a decorrelation technique known as Covariance Inflation to the estimation. The matrix inversion will be the main element to be investigated through two conditions with respect to some defined environment namely as unstable partially observable SLAM and partially observable SLAM via matrix norm analysis. For assessment purposes, the Extended Kalman Filter estimation is referred as the estimator to understand how the conditions can influence the results. The simulation results depicted that, the matrix norm is able to determine the efficiency of estimation and is proportional to the uncertainties of the system.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 588-596
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Surveillance system with motion and face detection using histograms of oriented gradients

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp869-876
Ri Cerd Ng , Kian Ming Lim , Chin Poo Lee , Siti Fatimah Abdul Razak
With the rapidly increasing crime rate in recent years, community safety issues aroused a wide concern among public community. Various security technologies had been invented and carried out, for example password door lock, alarm system, and closed-circuit televisions (CCTVs). Although the installation of CCTVs is common in most premises, they require extensive man power to manually monitor the videos. Moreover, the reliability of human operator greatly deteriorates when they are in fatigue condition. In view of this, our project aims to develop an automated computer vision based surveillance system. Unlike ordinary CCTV system that requires human operator to manually observe and detect intruder, a computer vision based surveillance system automatically monitor the security of premises and trigger actions once an intrusion is detected. Basically, it is a simple surveillance camera system that will be setup at the entrance of the house. The reliability is being enhanced by applying the motion detection and face recognition algorithm, using histogram of oriented gradients that could detect the existence of people at the main entrance and try to validate the user. Apart from recognizing the user, the propose system also support mobile interaction whereby user can monitor the camera, activate alarm, and even received notification when a stranger was being detected at the entrance of the house. By including such functionalities, proposed system had highly surpassed the existing surveillance system by not only support monitoring, but also try to recognize the people and inform the user at the exact moment when stranger detected, so that user could take immediate action about it, for example activating the alarm or report to police. The project was executed with expected outcome and objectives had been accomplished.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 869-876
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Timing violation reduction in the FPGA prototyped design using failed path fixes and time borrowing techniques

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp628-636
Salahuddin Savugathali , Muslim Mustapa , Mohammed Sharazel Razali , Fazrul Faiz Zakaria
A fascinating property of a latch-based design is that the combinational path delay is allowed to be longer than the clock cycle as it can borrow time from the shorter paths in the subsequent logic states. Time borrowing technique is a common method used to satisfy timing violation in an FPGA prototyped design. The purpose of this paper is to review the current methodology involved in SoC design prototyping using a Synopsys Protocompiler and HAPS-80 platform and propose an approach by fixing the failed path in a latch due to the gated clock conversion (GCC) process during the synthesis stage which could lead to the timing violation. Two techniques are applied in this paper namely time borrowing technique and our proposed technique, Failed Path Fixes to reduce the timing violation in the FPGA prototyped design. The result shows that the applied techniques are able to close the timing violation in the design with an average of 90% improvement.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 628-636
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Using the Object Mapping Approach from Analysis to Implementation for Developing Student Registration System

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp1030-1038
Dhafer AbdulAmeer AbdulMonim , zainab hassan Muhamad , Bashar Alathari
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is the effective standard language of an object-oriented based system analysis and design. The using of object-oriented approach based on UML specification can offer an understandable model, which can reduce the system's complexity. The use-case diagram, class diagram and sequence diagram are important models of the system development during early stages. The object mapping approach between UML class diagram in the analysis phase and source code in the implementation phase is a significant process in the software development life cycle. In order to ensure the consistency of system requirements from analysis to implementation. This paper presents the student registration system by using object mapping based on UML. The UML specification and the generation of Java source code influenced by specific features of class in object-oriented such as inheritance and the association between the classes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 1030-1038
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Manual clock distribution technique in partitioning stage for multi-FPGA prototyping

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp637-645
Salahuddin Savugathali , Muslim Mustapa , Fazrul Faiz Zakaria
As the complexity of ASIC/SoC design is increasing along with the number of logic gates, a prototyping process in the verification stage is facing a challenge when the ASIC/SoC design cannot fit into a single FPGA. A solution to prototyping multi-million logic gates of ASIC/SoC circuit into the FPGA platform for verification purpose is by partition the design into multi-FPGA. There are various implementation tools and platform available in the market which automates an FPGA-based prototype phase such as Cadence Protium Rapid Prototyping Platform, Synopsys and S2C. In this paper, Synopsys protocompiler tool will be used to perform the prototyping process of the large 4 core CPU based circuit into the HAPS-80 FPGA platform. This paper will be focusing on the partition requirement needed to successfully prototype the large SoC circuit into the multi-FPGA. The presence of cut clocks in a circuit after partition stage will resulting to the failure in routing stage due to the congestion error. In this paper, two techniques are used, which is automatic clock replication by the Synopsys Protocompiler tool and our proposed technique which is Manual Clock Distribution technique to solve the presence of the cut clock, so that the circuit is able to meet the partition requirement to complete the prototyping process into multi-FPGA. Obtained result from the proposed technique showing that prototyping the large SoC circuit into the multi-FPGA platform has met the specification by eliminating 100% presence of cut clock.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 637-645
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Passive sensor frequency selective surface for structural health monitoring

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp744-750
F.H.W. Mustafa , S.N. Azemi , M.F. Jamlos , A.A. Al-Hadi , P.J. Soh
Structural health monitoring (SHM) technologies have attained attention to monitor civil structures. SHM sensor systems have been used in various civil structures such as bridges, buildings, tunnels and so on. However the previous sensor for SHM is wired and encounter with problem to cover large areas. Therefore, wireless sensor was introduced for SHM to reduce network connecting problem. Wireless sensors for Structural Health monitoring are new technology and have many advantages to overcome the drawback of conventional and wired sensor. This project proposed passive wireless SHM sensor using frequency selective surface (FSS) as an alternative to conventional sensors. The electromagnetic wave characteristic of FSS will change by geometrical changes of FSS due to mechanical strain or structural failure. The changes feature is used as a sensing function without any connecting wires. Two type of design which are circular ring and square loop along with the transmission and reflection characteristics of SHM using FSS were discussed in this project. A simulation process has shown that incident angle characteristics can be use as a data for SHM application.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 744-750
Publish at: 2019-05-01

A coarse-to-fine copy-move image forgery detection method based on discrete cosine transform

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp843-851
Mas Elyna Azol , Nur Hidayah Ramli , Y.S. Lee Lee , Siti Azura Abuzar
Copy-move forgery is a type of image forgery where one part of an image is copied and pasted in other regions of the same image, and it is one of the most common image forgeries to conceal some information in the original image. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is one of the detection techniques which the detection rate relies intensely on the size of block used. Small block size is known for its ability to detect fine cloned objects, but the drawback is it produces too many false positive and requires high execution time. In this research, a method to overcome the weaknesses of using small block size by applying the coarse-to-fine approach with the two-tier process is proposed. The proposed method is evaluated on fifteen forged images on the CoMoFoD dataset. The results demonstrated that the proposed method is able to achieve high precision and recall rate of over 90% as well as improves the computation time by reducing the overall duration of forgery detection up to 73% compared to the traditional DCT method using small block size.  Therefore, these findings validate that the proposed method offers a trade-off between accuracy and runtime.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 843-851
Publish at: 2019-05-01

Electronic controlled CMOS inductor with patterned metal ground shields for fine inductance tuning application

10.11591/ijeecs.v14.i2.pp937-948
Nur Syahadah Yusof , Norlaili Mohd Noh , Jagadheswaran Rajendran , Asrulnizam Abd Manaf , Shukri Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd , Yusman Mohd. Yusof , Harikrishnan Ramiah , Mohamed Fauzi Bin Packeer Mohamed
This paper is on an inductance fine tuning technique which benefits from the idea of varying the number of metal plates of an inductor’s pattern ground shield (PGS) shorted to ground to change its magnetic fields. This technique is unique because the geometry and physical shape of the inductor remains untouched from its form in the process design kit (PDK) while the inductance is being tuned. The number of metal shields shorted to ground was controlled by an electronic circuit which consists of analog-to-digital converters and active switches. Both Sonnet EM simulator and Cadence Virtuoso were used for the inductor and circuit simulations. From the simulation, it was found that the inductance increased while the Q-factor decreased as more metal shields were shorted to ground. For instance, at 1.6 GHz, the simulated inductance was 8.8 nH when all metals were floated and 9.4 nH when all metals were shorted to ground. On the other hand, the simulated Q-factor was 10.4 when all metals were floated and 9.8 when all metals were shorted to ground. From both simulation and measured results, both inductance and inductance tuning range increased with frequency. From the measured results too, the inductance observed was 9.4 nH at 1.6 GHz, 10.8 nH at 2 GHz, and 13.5 nH at 2.5 GHz when all the metal shields were shorted to ground. The inductance tuning range was 6.2% at 1.6 GHz, 12.5% at 2 GHz, and 20% at 2.5 GHz. The measured results showed good correlation with the simulated results trend, but with smaller value of inductance, inductance tuning range and Q-factor.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 937-948
Publish at: 2019-05-01
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