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29,939 Article Results

Effect of Deposition Temperature on Self-Catalyzed ZnO Nanorods via Chemical Vapour Deposition Method

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp209-214
Shafinaz Sobihana Shariffudin , Puteri Sarah Mohamad Saad , Hashimah Hashim , Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
The morphological, structural, optical and electrical properties of ZnO nanorods are investigated as a function of deposition temperature. The ZnO nanorods were grown on ZnO seed catalyst layer at temperatures between 750oC – 825oC using thermal chemical vapour deposition method.  Sample deposited at 825oC showed the highest crystalline orientation. The FE-SEM micrographs and the intense peak along (002) direction in the XRD spectra of this sample implied that the nanorods possess c-axis orientation. PL spectra showed two common ZnO peaks which centered at 380 nm and 540 nm. Two-point probe I-V measurement revealed ohmic behaviour with the gold metal contact, whereby the current increase with the deposition temperature.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 209-214
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Lightning Effect on Scaled Protected and un-Protected Building Structures and the Air Terminal Bypasses

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp182-186
Irshad Ullah , MNR Baharom , H. Ahmad , H.M. Luqman , Zainab Zainal
Lightning strikes affect the building structures by producing high electric field on the surface and around the building structure. Lightning air terminal is a traditional enemy of the thunder storm as it captures the lightning flashes. Effect of lightning flash on the building structure when the lightning air terminal was not installed and when it was installed on different building structure was studied in this paper.  Similarly most of the time Lightning Air Terminal (LAT) bypasses take palce on different building structures and thus a lot of building structures get damage. The phenomenon of bypasses was also studied in this paper. When thunder storm strikes a building the electric field effect is propagated throughout the building surface and it damages the entire building. When the air terminal is places on the corners/edges it captures the lightning flashes on certain points and discharges it into the ground and the building remains safe. This phenomenon was studied in detail in this paper and it was proved that by installing the air terminal the remaining building structure was safe and the electric field intensity was concentrated on the installed air terminal rather than the whole roof top and the rest of the building.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 182-186
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Soil Moisture Monitoring Using Field Programmable Gate Array

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp169-174
Muhammed Ihsan Husni , Mohammed Kareem Hussein , Mohd Shamian Bin Zainal , Anuar Bin Hamzah , Danial Bin Md Nor , Hazwaj Bin Mhd Poad
This paper presents a solution for remote monitoring and sensing of different agricultural parameters that effect the plant growth and productivity. Hardware descriptive language has been used for the implementation of proposed topology on Field Programmable Gate Arrays. The hardware used for this purpose is an Altera board. The simulated results take into consideration the environmental factors such as the humidity, soil moisture content and the temperature. The proposed system continuously monitors the environmental changes for any updates. The system also controls a water motor that is turned on as the system senses the reduction in moisture content. The system implementation on hard wave level show promising results and have been discussed in detailed.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 169-174
Publish at: 2018-07-01

A Proposed Java Static Slicing Approach

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp308-317
Basem Alokush , Mohammad Abdallah , Mustafa Alrifaee , Mosa Salah
Program slicing is to abstract a part of source code depending on the point of interest. It used widely in maintenance, debugging and testing. There are many slicing techniques such as static, dynamic, and amorphous. In this paper, we choose to develop a new approach applying static slicing on Java programs. The new approach simplifies the data dependency using arrays. A new Tool called Java Multi-Slicing Tool (JavaMST) has been introduced to apply this approach.JavaMST presents new ways to slice any simple java code segment, it allows you to extract the variables and its direct and indirect dependencies from the code, using backward, forward or both slicing techniques to produce the needed code. This tool is a simple tool designed to deal with simple java code segments. JavaMST can be run under any operating system and does not require a specialized platforms or plug-ins. Therefore, it is useful to be used for educational purposes.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 308-317
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Multi objective Adaptive Tumbling Bacterial Foraging in VAR Solutions for Sustainable Power System Operation

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp129-136
E. E. Hassan , T. K. A. Rahman , Z. Zakaria , N. Bahaman , M. H. Jifri
The application of the developed optimization technique Multi Objective Adaptive Tumbling Bacterial Foraging (MOATBFO) was introduced to solve the multi objective Reactive Power Planning (RPP) problems. The objective of conventional RPP problems is to minimize the total power losses in a system. However, in this study, the aspect of security was also taken into consideration in terms of voltage stability condition in solving RPP problems. Hence, the RPP problem is now termed as security constrained RPP (SCRPP) and generalized into a multi objective function via weighted sum method that labeled as MOSCRPP. The best minimum voltage solution for the network is aimed in ensuring the sustainable power system operation.  In order to verify the performance of the proposed technique were used for MOSCRPP in the IEEE 57 bus system thus the comprehensive analyses were also conducted with other multi objective Meta heuristic Evolutionary Programming (Meta-EP). From the results it shows that the multi objective ATBFO optimization is able to give better overall improvement in the objective functions for SCRPP problems.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 129-136
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Black Phosphorus Saturable Absorber for Pulse Generation Using Q-switched Teachnique

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp36-40
Belal Ahmed Hamida , L A Hussein , Sheroz Khan , Mohamed Hadi Habaebi , Ahmad Anwar Zainuddin , T Eltaif , S W Harun
This paper reported a passive Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser (EDFL) using two-dimensional (2D) material of black phosphorus saturable absorber (BP-SA). The maximum output power reached is 3.54 mW, which is generated by pump power of 42.327 mW. The results show that a stable pulse was generated with repetition rate starts at about 9.606 kHz and ends at about 44.72 kHz and very narrow pulse width between 40.01 µs and 9.84 µs and pulse energy 80 nJ. Clearly, the stability of the Q-switched pulse train was achieved because the BP-SA film was inserted in the laser ring cavity.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 36-40
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Microclimate control of a greenhouse by adaptive Generalized Linear Quadratic strategy

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp377-385
Mohamed Essahafi , Mustapha Ait Lafkih
To highlight the conceptual aspects related to the implementation of techniques optimal control in the form state, we present in this paper, the identification and control of the temperature and humidity of the air inside a greenhouse. Using respectively an online identification based on the recursive least squares with forgotten Factor method and the multivariable adaptive linear quadratic Gaussian approach which the advanced technique (LQG) is presented.  The design of this controller parameters is based on state models identified directly from measured greenhouse data. hence the performances of the controller developed are illustrated by different tests and simulations on identified models of a greenhouse. Discussions on the results obtained are then processed in the paper to show the effectiveness of the controller in terms of stability and optimization of the cost of control.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 377-385
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Microwave Planar Sensor for Permittivity Determination of Dielectric Materials

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp362-371
Rammah Alahnomi , Natasha Binti Abd Hamid , Zahriladha Zakaria , Tole Sutikno , Amyrul Azuan Mohd Bahar
This paper presents a single port rectangular ring resonator sensor for material characterizations. The proposed sensor is designed at operating resonance frequency of 4 GHz. The sensor consists of micro-strip transmission line and ring resonator with applying the enhancement method to the coupling gaps. The using of enhancement method is to improve the return loss of the sensor and sensitivity in terms of Q-factor, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed sensor is designed and fabricated on Roger 5880 substrate. Standard materials with known permittivity have been used in order to validate the sensor’s sensitivity. Based on the results, the percentage of error for the proposed rectangular sensor is 0.2% to 8%. It can be demonstrated that the proposed sensor will be useful for various applications such as medicine, bio-sensing and food industry.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 362-371
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Daily Harvested Energy of Cadmium Telluride Thin Film Photovoltaic

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp18-26
Yasmeen H. Sabri , W. Z. Wan. Hasan , S. Shafie , M. A. M. Radzi , A. H. Sabry
The power generated by solar photovoltaic (PV) is highly affected by the weather environment. Thin-Film solar module of cadmium telluride (CdTe) is one of the Semi-transparent PV (STPV) that can be employed in a wide application range as a means to sunlight permeability while supplying solar electrical energy with some shading which also preferable in hot areas. The system behavior and the forecast of a STPV harvested energy requires an accurate and reliable discribtion for the power pattern rate during the day time. This research presents a real-time daily measurements for CdTe PV modules that serve the system design, prediction, and modeling. Multilayer and single installation categories are configured to be experimentally tested at different weather conditions (temperature and irradiance). The measurements were conducted at UPM University, Serdang, Malaysia, where a 6 different modules are expreinced. A wireless monitoring system with high sampling frequency employed for this purose. The results show an efficiency of 2.51 as a maximum  in cloudy day conditions, while the harvested daily energy show that a multi-layer configuration may only be effective when the transparency is high. This new generation of PV module is similar to that for Silicon-based PV but it has threshold value to start power generating and promises for efficient sustainable building materials
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 18-26
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Gbest Artificial Bee Colony for Non-convex Optimal Economic Dispatch in Power Generation

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp187-194
M. N. Abdullah , A. F. A. Manan , J. J. Jamian , S. A. Jumaat , N. H. Radzi
Non-convex Optimal Economic Dispatch (OED) problem is a complex optimization problem in power system operation that must be optimized economically to meet the power demand and system constraints. The non-convex OED is due to the generator characteristic such as prohibited operation zones, valve point effects (VPE) or multiple fuel options. This paper proposes a Gbest Artificial Bee Colony (GABC) algorithm based on global best particle (gbest) guided of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm for solving non-convex OED with VPE. In order to investigate the effectiveness and performance of GABC algorithm, the IEEE 14-bus 5 unit generators and IEEE 30-bus 6 unit generators test systems are considered. The comparison of optimal solution, convergence characteristic and robustness are also highlighted to reveal the advantages of GABC. Moreover, the optimal results obtained by proposed GABC are compared with other reported results of meta-heuristic algorithms. It found that the GABC capable to obtain lowest cost as compared to others. Thus, it has great potential to be implemented in  different types of power system optimization problem.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 187-194
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Real Time Detection of R – Peak in QRS Complex of ECG using Microcontroller

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp372-376
Santipriya N , Venkateswara Rao M , Arun V , R Karthik
Real-time detection of R peaks in QRS complex of ECG signal is the first step in the processing of ECG waveform. Based on this, various other ECG parameters can be extracted. These parameters provide substantial information about various heart diseases. In this paper, we are proposing a method to detect R – peaks of ECG signal dynamically. The most prominent role in the R – peak detector is executed by the microcontroller. This method originates by acquiring signal from the subject and necessary pre-processing is carried out on the signal in order to achieve the denoised signal. Subsequently, this filtered signal is handed over to microcontroller where a pulse is generated for each R – peak that is found in the QRS complex of ECG signal. The microcontroller is embedded with a signal processing algorithm. The algorithm used to determine the R – peaks is double differentiation method which is straightforward and robust.  
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 372-376
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Modeling of 120W Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Module using MATLAB Simulink

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp74-81
Siti Amely Jumaat , Adhwa Amsyar Syazwan Ab Majid , Mohd Noor Abdullah , Nur Hanis Radzi , Rohaiza Hamdan , Suriana Salimin
This project aims to model a solar Photovoltaic (PV) Module using MATLAB Simulink. In Renewable Energy (RE) field, many studies have been carried out to determine the level of efficiency and performance of a specific PV module. Therefore, this research will carry out the modeling of the 120W Monocrystalline Photovoltaic Module by Su-Kam Solar using MATLAB Simulink to determine the efficiency and performance. The input parameters that consists of Solar Irradiance (G) and Temperature (T) data will be collected at location 1.8635° N, 103.1089° E which is in Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor. The results are shown in I-V curve and P-V curve and compared with the theory of I-V and P-V curve. Other than that, the PV module have different performance in different value of irradiance and temperature. Lastly, the PV Module is work efficiently and full performance at Standard Test Conditon (STC).
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 74-81
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Advanced Active Power Filter Performance for Grid Integrated Hybrid Renewable Power Generation Systems

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp60-73
S. Guru Prasad , K S Srikanth , B V Rajanna
An active power filter implemented with a four leg voltage-source inverter using a predictive control scheme is presented. The use of a four leg voltage-source inverter allows the compensation of current harmonic components, as well as unbalanced current generated by single-phase nonlinear loads. A detailed yet simple mathematical model of the active power filter, including the effect of the equivalent power system impedance, is derived and used to design the predictive control algorithm. The compensation performance of the proposed active power filter and the associated control scheme under steady state and transient operating conditions is demonstrated through simulations and experimental results.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 60-73
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Intelligent Lighting Control System for Energy Savings in Office Building

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp195-202
Khairul Rijal Wagiman , Mohd Noor Abdullah
Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.Lighting system is a crucial sub-system and consumes substantial electricity energy in the buildings. This paper proposes an intelligent lighting control system using artificial neural network (ANN). The minimization of dimming levels of luminaires has been considered as an objective function of the controller. Moreover, the light sensor field of view is also taken into consideration in objective function formulation. The proposed ANN controller has been tested on an actual office room of the Department of Mechanical Technology, Institute of Industrial Training, Selandar, Melaka, Malaysia. The simulation has been carried out using DIALux simulation lighting software. Based on the results, the proposed controller showed great performance in terms of adaptive less light sensor data and achieving dimming levels target that complies the European Standard EN12464-1. Furthermore, it can save energy up to 34%.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 195-202
Publish at: 2018-07-01

Wireless Environment Aware Adaptive Scheduling Technique For Cellular Networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i1.pp318-332
Anand Reddy , Jitendranath Mungara
It is now well known that employing channel knowledge based on signaling techniques in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) system can yield large improvements in almost all performance metric. Here we proposed the adaptive scheduling, in which the work done is based upon the bandwidth information of channel to provide better quality of service (‘QoS’) to the cell-edge mobile stations. Channel information is critical based on which scheduling is carried out. The bandwidth channel information contains estimation delay, the pilot channel noise and pilot contamination. Afterwards, Zero Forcing precoding methodology has applied for removing the interference at user nodes, destination nodes and gateway side. By extending the characteristics of ZF, the modified Zero Forcing (MZF) has proposed to achieve higher throughput rate and higher spectrum efficiency. The achievable-rates of the ZF and MZF has derived under the comprehensive model of imperfect bandwidth information.
Volume: 11
Issue: 1
Page: 318-332
Publish at: 2018-07-01
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