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28,188 Article Results

An Improved Photovoltaic Array Configuration for Photovoltaic System in the Presence of Maximum Power Point Tracking during Partial Shading Condition

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp301-309
K. Burhanudin , N.A. Kamarzaman , A.A.A. Samat , A.I. Tajudin , S.S. Ramli , N. Hidayat
Power-Voltage (P-V) curve and Current-Voltage (I-V) curve determine the performance of the PV system. In this work, the arrangements of the PV module were reconstructed by adding the number of PV module in 3 strings configuration from 5 to 45. This method enhance the performance of the PV system as it able to show the characteristic of the P-V and I-V curve during partial shading and maximum irradiance despite higher number of PV panel. This study focuses on improving the PV array configuration and simulation speed of the PV panel. The simulation of small size PV array is possible, but the problem lies when the number of string and PV module used increases. New PV array configuration is flexible and easy to add string and increase the number of PV module. PV array configuration was modeled using MATLAB/SIMULINK software.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 301-309
Publish at: 2017-05-01

Symbiotic Organisms Search Technique for SVC Installation in Voltage Control

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp318-329
Mohamad Khairuzzaman Mohamad Zamani , Ismail Musirin , Saiful Izwan Suliman
Increasing demand experienced by electric utilities in many parts of the world involving developing country is a normal phenomenon. This can be due to the urbanization process of a system network, which may lead to possible voltage decay at the receiving buses if no proper offline study is conducted. Unplanned load increment can push the system to operate closes to its instability point. Various compensation schemes have been popularly invented and proposed in power system operation and planning. This would require offline studies, prior to real system implementation. This paper presents the implementation of Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm for solving optimal static VAr compensator (SVC) installation problem in power transmission systems. In this study, SOS was employed to perform voltage control study in a transmission system under several scenarios via the SVC installation scheme. This realizes the feasibility of SOS applications in addressing the compensating scheme for the voltage control study. Minimum and maximum bound of the voltage at all buses have been considered as the inequality constraints as one of the aspects. A validation process conducted on IEEE 26-Bus RTS realizes the feasibility of SOS in performing compensation scheme without violating system stability. Results obtained from the optimization process demonstrated that the proposed SOS optimization algorithm has successfully reduced the total voltage deviation index and improve the voltage profile in the test system. Comparative studies have been performed with respect to the established evolutionary programming (EP) and artificial immune system (AIS) algorithms, resulting in good agreement and has demonstrated its superiority. Results from this study could be beneficial to the power system community in the planning and operation departments in terms of giving offline information prior to real system implementation of the corresponding power system utility.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 318-329
Publish at: 2017-05-01

Wireless Power for Mobile Battery Charger

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp278-285
M. Fitra , Elvy S
This Wireless Mobile Battery Charger project is using technique of inductive coupling. The basic concept of his technique was applied in transformer construction. With this technique, the power from AC or DC can be transfer through the medium of magnetic field or air space. In this project, the method is divided into two major activities which is to purpose circuit construction and to fabricate the prototype. The result is to evaluate the distance of power that can be transferred using technique of inductive coupling.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 278-285
Publish at: 2017-05-01

Development of an Automated Three-Phase Distribution Box System

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i2.pp233-240
N M Nor , N S Zemri , S A Daud , T Ibrahim , H Daud
Most electrical appliances require continuous power supply. For domestic use, crucial appliances such as refrigerator, aquarium and alarm system highly depend upon the continuity of power supply. However, if they are left without electricity due to power outage or blackouts caused by internal or external disturbance, the discontinuity of power supply could be a critical issue to some involving party. Blackouts may be due to short circuit, fault or the overloading of electricity mains. During power outage, Residual Current Device (RCD) detects fault currents from live to the neutral wire within circuit and will trip to prevent shock. This circumstance can increase safety when a house is left unoccupied. Be that as it may, the power will remain switched off until manually reset by man. Thus, this paper presented a new concept of Three-Phase distribution box system in order to overcome tripping problem. This system will be able to identify and isolate the fault using measurement of current flow into each Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB) of appliances and current flowing out from each of the load. The measured current value will be compared and the maximum allowable difference is 30mA. If the current difference exceeds the maximum limit then the fault MCB will be detected. Hence RCD will be automatically close the circuit after determining the fault location via the motor operation to make sure of power stability and evade any property loss.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 233-240
Publish at: 2017-05-01

The Correlation between Surface Tracking and Partial Discharge Characteristics on Pressboard Surface Immersed in MIDEL eN

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp631-640
Nur Amirah Othman , Hidayat Zainuddin , Aminuddin Aman , Sharin Abd Ghani , Imran Sutan Chairul
This paper presents the investigation of the surface tracking on pressboard surface immersed in MIDEL eN oil.  In this work, the development of surface discharge was analyzed by correlating the visual records of surface tracking on impregnated pressboard and the partial discharge (PD) activities.  The PD activities during the surface tracking process were analyzed in terms of Phase Resolved Partial Discharge (PRPD) patterns.  Throughout the experiment, surface discharge is found as the development of tree-like patterns in the form of white marks occurring on the oil-pressboard interface.  This phenomenon is generally accepted as the drying out process that involves evaporation and decomposition of the oil molecules in the pressboard pores due to the surface discharge activities on the pressboard surface layer.  The development of surface discharge on the pressboard surface can continue from minutes to months or even years until failure.  Thus, condition monitoring system is important to characterize this type of faulty condition.  The experimental results show that there is the decreasing trend of PD magnitude during the development of white mark hallway of a gap distance which is eventually suffered from an unexpected fault.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 631-640
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Implementation of Algorithm for Vehicle Anti-Collision Alert System in FPGA

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp775-783
Aiman Zakwan Jidin , Lim Siau Li , Ahmad Fauzan Kadmin
Vehicle safety has becoming one of the important issues nowadays, due to the fact the number of road accidents, which cause injuries, deaths and also damages, keeps on increasing. One of the main factors which contribute to these accidents are human's lack of awareness and also carelessness. This paper presents the development and implementation of an algorithm to be utilized for vehicle anti-collision alert system, which may be useful to reduce the occurrence of accidents. This algorithm, which is to be deployed with the front sensors of the vehicle, is capable of alerting any occurrence of sudden slowing or static vehicles ahead, by sensing the rate of distance change. Furthermore, it also triggers an alert if the driver is breaching the safe distance from the vehicle ahead. This algorithm has been successfully implemented in Altera DE0 FPGA and its functionality was validated via hardware experimental tests.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 775-783
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Improved Timing Estimation Using Iterative Normalization Technique for OFDM Systems

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp905-911
Suyoto Suyoto , Iskandar Iskandar , Sugihartono Sugihartono , Adit Kurniawan
Conventional timing estimation schemes based on autocorrelation experience performance degradation in the multipath channel environment with high delay spread. To overcome this problem, we proposed an improvement of the timing estimation for the OFDM system based on statistical change of symmetrical correlator. The new method uses iterative normalization technique to the correlator output before the detection based on statistical change of symmetric correlator is applied. Thus, it increases the detection probability and achieves better performance than previously published methods in the multipath environment. Computer simulation shows that our method is very robust in the fading multipath channel
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 905-911
Publish at: 2017-04-01

DARE Algorithm: A New Security Protocol by Integration of Different Cryptographic Techniques

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp1032-1041
John Mark Espalmado , Edwin Arboleda
Exchange of information between computer networks requires a secure communications channel to prevent and monitor unauthorized access, modification and denial of the computer network. To address this growing problem, security experts sought ways to advance the integrity of data transmission. Security Attacks compromises the security and hence hybrid cryptographic algorithms have been proposed to achieve safe service in the proper manner, such as user authentication and data confidentiality. Data security and authenticity are achieved using these algorithms. Moreover, to improve the strength and cover each algorithm’s weaknesses, a new security algorithm can be designed using the combination of different cryptographic techniques. This design uses Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) for authentic key generation, Data Encryption Standard (DES) for key scheduling, and Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Rivest–Schamir–Adleman Algorithm (RSA) in encrypting data. This new security algorithm has been proposed for improved security and integrity by integration of these cryptographic techniques.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 1032-1041
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Comparative Analysis of Time and Physical Redundancy Techniques for Fault Detection

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp66-71
Namita Arya , Amit Prakash Singh
The integration level in today’s world is continuously increasing in VLSI chips. VLSI circuit verification is a major challenge in these days. Integration capacity of VLSI circuits mimics the testing complexity of circuits. There is a significant chunk of the testing cost with respect to the whole fabrication prices. Hence it is important to cut down the verification cost. Time required during testing is a main factor for the cost of a chip. This time is directly proportional to the number of testing in the circuitry. So the test set should be very small. There is one way to generate a small test set is to compact a large test set parameters. The main drawback of the compaction results on the quality of the original test set. This aspect of compaction has motivated the work present here with some methods of fault detection and avoidance techniques via redundancy logic as Time redundancy and physical redundancy.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 66-71
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Synthesis of Germanium Dioxide Microclusters on Silicon Substrate in Non-aqueous Solution by Electrochemical Deposition

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp193-199
Mastura Shafinaz Zainal Abidin , Shahjahan Shahjahan , Abdul Manaf Hashim
We report the formation of crystalline germanium dioxide (GeO2) microclusters on n-Si (100) electrodeposited in non-aqueous electrolyte (a mixture of 5 vol.% germanium tetrachloride (GeCl4) and dipropylene glycol (C6H14O3) ) at current density of 20 mA/cm2 for 200 sec. Pt, C and Ge are used as an anode while Si acts as a cathode. Field- emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images show that the deposited GeO2 microclusters are having rounded-mushroom-shaped particles with the smallest size of 660 nm. Energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectra reveal that the particles are only composed of Ge and O elements. Raman spectra confirm the formation of crystalline GeO2 with trigonal bonding structures in all samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra show two significant emission peaks in visible range at 2.27 eV and 2.96 eV, which seems to be attributed by GeO2 and Si defects. C6H14O3 seems to contribute to the formation of GeO2 due to its hygroscopic nature. Such microcluster structures shall provide some potential applications for electronic and optical devices on Si platform.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 193-199
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Layout Effects on High Frequency and Noise Parameters in MOSFETs

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp88-96
Asmaa Nur Aqilah Zainal Badri , Norlaili Mohd Noh , Shukri bin Korakkottil Kunhi Mohd , Asrulnizam Abd Manaf , Arjuna Marzuki , Mohd Tafir Mustaffa
This study reviews related studies on the impact of the layout dependent effects on high frequency and RF noise parameter performances, carried out over the past decade. It specifically focuses on the doughnut and multi- finger layouts. The doughnut style involves the polygonal and the 4- sided techniques, while the multi-finger involving the narrow-oxide diffusion (OD) and multi-OD. The polygonal versus 4-sided doughnut, and the narrow-OD with multi-fingers versus multi-OD with multi- fingers are reviewed in this study. The high frequency parameters, which are of concern in this study, are the cut- off frequency (fT) and the maximum frequency (fMAX), whereas the noise parameters involved are noise resistance (RN) and the minimum noise figure (NFmin). In addition, MOSFET parameters, which are affected by the layout style that in turn may contribute to the changes in these high frequency, and noise parameters are also detailed. Such parameters include transconductance (Gm); gate resistance (Rg); effective mobility (μeff); and parasitic capacitances (cgg and cgd). Investigation by others has revealed that the polygonal doughnut may have a larger total area in comparison with the 4- sided doughnut. It is also found by means of this review that the multi-finger layout style with narrow-OD and high number of fingers may have the best performance in fT and fMAX, owing partly to the improvement in Gm, μeff, cgg, cgd and low frequency noise (LFN). A multi-OD with a lower number of fingers may lead to a lower performance in fT due to a lower Gm. Upon comparing the doughnut and the multi-finger layout styles, the doughnuts appeared to perform better than a standard multi-finger layout for fT, fMAX, Gm and μeff but are poorer in terms of LFN. It can then be concluded that the narrow-OD multi-finger may cause the increase of cgg as the transistor becomes narrower, whereas a multi-OD multi-finger may have high Rg and therefore may lead to the increase of fT and fMAX as the transistor becomes narrower. Besides, the doughnut layout style has a higher Gm and fT, leading to larger μeff from the elimination of shallow trench isolation (STI) stress.
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 88-96
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Modeling and Simulation of VSI Fed Induction Motor Drive in Matlab/Simulink

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp584-595
D. Uma , K. Vijayarekha
The theory of reference frames and switching functions are effective in analyzing the performance of the induction motor fed from VSI (Voltage Source Inverter). In this work, mathematical model of Adjustable Speed Drive (ASD) is developed by taking synchronous reference frame equations for induction motor, switching function concept for VSI and non-switching concept for diode bridge rectifier.  The developed model is implemented using MATLAB/Simulink as it is an important tool for the validation of the proposed model. The performance of induction motor is analysed for different frequencies. The developed model is tested for the steady state behavior of machine drive. The proposed mathematical model is validated by the simulation results.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 584-595
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Focusing Properties of a Modified Retarding Structure for Linear Electron Accelerators

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp741-747
Vladimir Kuz'mich Shilov , Aleksandr Nikolaevich Filatov , Aleksandr Evgen'evich Novozhilov
When using accelerators in industry and medicine, important are the dimensions of the device used, especially the radial ones. In the linear electron accelerators based on a biperiodic retarding structure, which operates in the standing wave mode, there is a possibility to provide focusing of the accelerated particles with the help of high-frequency fields without the use of external focusing elements. In the accelerating cell, due to the presence of the far protruding drift sleeves, the electric field lines become strongly curved, which leads to the appearance in the regions adjacent to these sleeves of a substantial in magnitude radial component of the electric field. The particles entering the accelerating gap experience the action of a force directed toward the axis of the system, and at the exit, of a force directed away from the axis. Under certain conditions, alternation of the focusing and defocusing fields can lead to a general focusing effect. In the paper we study the focusing properties of a modified biperiodic structure with standing wave. The main attention is paid to the possibility of using the focusing properties of the electromagnetic accelerating field for guiding the electron beam through the aperture of the accelerating system, which will lead to a significant reduction in the accelerator sizes. The proposed method can be applied in the calculation and design of linear electron accelerators.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 741-747
Publish at: 2017-04-01

Harmonic Suppression of Shunt Hybrid Filter Using LQR-PSO based

10.11591/ijece.v7i2.pp869-876
Nor Shahida Hasan , Norzanah Rosmin , Saifulnizam Abd Khalid , Dygku. Asmanissa Awg. Osman , Baharuddin Ishak , Aede Hatib Mustaamal
In linear quadratic regulator (LQR), two different weighting matrices play an important role in presenting the performance of this controller. Instead of using classic common approach, which is trial and error method, this study proposes a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to track the best solution of the weighting matrices. The proposed algorithm is tested on shunt hybrid active power filter (APF) to mitigate the harmonic contents in voltage and current signals in a nonlinear load system. The modeling work of this proposed system is simulated using MATLAB/Simulink software. From the simulation, the obtained results proved that using PSO in tuning the LQR controller produce smoother nonlinear voltage and current signals. In fact, the amount of current to be injected into network can be reduced up to 95%. Besides, less time is consumed during searching the optimum weighting matrices using the proposed approach.
Volume: 7
Issue: 2
Page: 869-876
Publish at: 2017-04-01

An Adaptive Cross-Layer Architecture to Optimize QoS Provisioning in MANET

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i1.pp16-25
Asha Asha , G. Mahadevan
Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of mobile nodes, which dynamically form a temporary network, without using any infrastructure like wireless access points or base-stations. The provision of QoS guarantees is much more challenging in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. There are many interesting applications such as multimedia services, disaster recovery etc can be supported if Quality-of-Service (QoS) support can be provided for MANETs. But QoS provisioning in MANETs is a very challenging problem when compared to wired IP networks. This is because of unpredictable node mobility, wireless multi-hop communication, contention for wireless channel access, limited battery power and range of mobile devices as well as the absence of a central coordination authority. So, the design of an efficient and reliable routing scheme providing QoS support for such applications is a difficult task. In this paper we studied the challenges and approaches for QoS aware routing techniques.   
Volume: 6
Issue: 1
Page: 16-25
Publish at: 2017-04-01
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