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31,291 Article Results

Improving Hierarchical Decision Approach for Single Image Classification of Pap Smear

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp5415-5424
Dwiza Riana , Yudi Ramdhani , Rizki Tri Prasetio , Achmad Nizar Hidayanto
The single image classification of Pap smears is an important part of the early detection of cervical cancer through Pap smear tests. Unfortunately, most classification processes still require accuracy enhancement, especially to complete the classification in seven classes and to get a qualified classification process. In addition, attempts to improve the single image classification of Pap smears were performed to be able to distinguish normal and abnormal cells. This study proposes a better approach by providing different handling of the initial data preparation process in the form of the distribution for training data and testing data so that it resulted in a new model of Hierarchial Decision Approach (HDA) which has the higher learning rate and momentum values in the proposed new model. This study evaluated 20 different features in hierarchical decision approach model based on Neural Network (NN) and genetic algorithm method for single image classification of Pap smear which resulted in classification experiment using value learning rate of 0.3 and momentum of 0.2 and value of learning rate of 0.5 and momentum of 0.5 by generating classification of 7 classes (Normal Intermediate, Normal Colummar, Mild (Light) Dyplasia, Moderate Dyplasia, Servere Dyplasia and Carcinoma In Situ) better. The accuracy value enhancemenet were also influenced by the application of Genetic Algorithm to feature selection. Thus, from the results of model testing, it can be concluded that the Hierarchical Decision Approach (HDA) method for Pap Smear image classification can be used as a reference for initial screening process to analyze Pap Smear image classification.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 5415-5424
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Defense-in-depth Cybersecurity for Smart Substations

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4423-4431
M. N. Dazahra , F. Elmariami , A. Belfqih , J. Boukherouaa
The increase of cyber-attacks on industrial and power systems in the recent years make the cybersecurity of supervisory control and data acquisition and substation automation systemsa high important engineering issue. This paper proposes a defense in depth cybersecurity solution for smart substations in different layers of the substation automation system. In fact, it presents possible vulnerabilities in the substation automation system and propose a multiple layer solution based on best practice in cyber security such as the hardening ofdevices, whitelisting, network configuration, network segmentation, role-based account management and cyber security management and deployement.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4423-4431
Publish at: 2018-12-01

FPGA Realizations of Walsh Transforms for Different Transform and Word lengths into Xilinx and Altera Chips

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4981-4994
Zulfikar Zulfikar , Shuja A. Abbasi , Abdulrahman M. Alamoud
This paper presents FPGA realizations of Walsh transforms. The realizations are targetted for the system of arbitrary waveform generation, addition/ subtraction, multiplication, and processing of several signals based on Walsh transforms which is defined in term products of Rademacher functions. Input signals are passing through the system in serial, the output either signals or coefficients are also passing out in serial. To minimize the area utilization when the systems are realized in FPGA chips, the word lengths of every processing step have been designed carefully. Based on this, FPGA realizations of those various applications into Xilinx and Altera chips have been done. In Xilinx realizations, Xilinx ISE was used to display the results and to extract some critical parameters such as speed and static power. Meanwhile, the realizations into Altera chips have been conducted using Quartus. Comparisons of speed and power among Xilinx and Altera chip realizations are presented here even though this is not an apple to apple comparison. Finally, it can be concluded that Walsh transforms can be realized not only for the applications that have been done here, but it is potential can be used for other applications.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4981-4994
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Augmented Reality Design of Indonesia Fruit Recognition

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4654-4662
Dewi Agushinta R. , Ihsan Jatnika , Henny Medyawati , Hustinawaty Hustinawaty
Augmented Reality (AR) is one of the popular technologies nowadays. Along with the technological advances, Augmented Reality is an effort to combine the real world and virtual worlds created through computers so that the boundary between the two becomes very thin because Augmented Reality allows users to interact in real-time with the system. Augmented Reality can be applied in various fields according to the needs of each user. One application is on Android-based mobile hardware applications. This research developed the Augmented Reality battle with some of the features more interactive, interesting and clearer information to facilitate the user in its operation. This Augmented Reality is applied to the Android mobile device with the name of FruitGarden. This paper presented of designing Augmented Reality for recognizing the fruit of Indonesia archipelago which will give a different view of performing the fruit image and information.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4654-4662
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Controller Design of UPQC for Enhancing Power Quality in Distribution System

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1591-1606
Kittaya Somsai
This paper presents the procedure of PI controller design of Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) for improving power quality in the distribution system. A mathematical model of the distribution system with the UPQC is thoroughly explained in this paper. The mathematical model that is founded has been used for designing the PI controller. In order to investigate the dynamic performance and design the controller, linear approximation technique is used. Linearization of the systems that is around the operating point provides a set of linear equations, and then multi-input multi-output (MIMO) transfer functions of the systems are obtained. Two controller design techniques are presented and compared. One is the sequential loop closure controller design with parameter tuning through the Bode diagram (SLC-BD). The other one is the controller optimization design with the genetic algorithms (CO-GA). The performances of these techniques are verified and compared by using MATLAB program. Simulation results reveal that the power quality in the distribution system can be enhanced by using UPQC with the proposed controller design.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 1591-1606
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Energy Harvesting on Footsteps Using Piezoelectric based on Circuit LCT3588 and Boost up Converter

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/9782
Iswanto Iswanto , Slamet Suripto , Faaris Mujaahid , Karisma Trinanda Putra , Noor Pratama Apriyanto , Yosi Apriani
Piezoelectric utilization as a generator is an effort to obtain electrical energy that refers to the concept of energy harvesting referring the development of piezoelectric as a generator that converts the pressure or vibration generated from steps into electrical energy that can be used on low-power electronic devices. Because the use of piezoelectric as a generator allows the use in charging low voltage, a larger resource is required in different series. Based on the problem, an energy harvesting device and a voltage amplifier are created to increase the voltage of the pizoelectric output. An arduino microcontroller is used to control the energy harvesting device and voltage booster. It is required approximately 10 steps to charge four AA 1.2 Volt batteries and 80 steps to charge two 12 volt batteries respectively.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4104-4110
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Selective Harmonic Elimination of an Eleven Level Inverter Using Whale Optimization Technique

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1944-1951
Srikanta Kumar Dash , Byamakesh Nayak , Jiban Ballav Sahu
Reduction of total harmonic distortion in multilevel inverters is a difficult optimization problem that includes nonlinear transcendent equations having more than one local minima.This paper deals with the harmonic elimination of cascaded multilevel inverter with equal D.C. sources using a new optimization technique. The objective of this paper is to find the best combination of switching angles to minimize the lower order harmonics and the total harmonic distortion is reduced. For this purpose, a new optimization techniques i.e. whale optimization technique is considered.This algorithm is applied to an 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter.Results shows that WOA gives better results and effectively minimizes the THD and lower order harmonics
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 1944-1951
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Novel Design of Voltage Controlled Oscillator By using the Method of Negative Resistance

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4496-4504
Ayoub Malki , Larbi El Abdellaoui , Jamal Zbitou , A. Errkik , A. Tajmouati , Mohamed Latrach
The objective of this paper is to develop a new design of a voltage controlled microwave oscillator by using the method of negative resistance in order to fabricate VCO with very good performance in terms of tuning rang, phase noise, output power and stability. The use of hybrid microwave integrated circuit technology’s (HMIC) offers a lot of advantage for our structure concerning size, cost, productivity, and Q factor. This VCO is designed at [480MHz; 1.4GHz] frequency for applications in the phase locked loop (PLL) for signal tracking, FM demodulation, frequency modulation, mobile communication, etc. The different steps of studied voltage controlled oscillator’s design are thoroughly described. Initially designed at a fixed frequency meanwhile the use of a varactor allow us to tune the frequency of the second design. It has been optimized especially regarding tuning bandwidth, power, phase noise, consumption and size of the whole circuit. The achieved results and proposed amendment are the product of theoretical study and predictive simulations with advanced design system microwave design software. A micro-strip VCO with low phase noise based on high gain ultra low noise RF transistor BFP 740 has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The VCO delivers a sinusoidal signal at the frequency 480 MHz with tuning bandwidth 920 MHz, spectrum power of 12.62 dBm into 50 Ω load and phase noise of -108 dBc/Hz at 100 Hz offset. Measurement results and simulation are in good agreement. Circuit is designed on FR4 substrate which includes integrated resonators and passive components.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4496-4504
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Developing an Enhanced High-Speed Key Transmission (EHSKT) Technique to Avoid Fraud Activity in E-Commerce

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1187-1194
A.B. Hajira Be , R. Balasubramanian
E-commerce is an emerging and convergence of numerous main information technologies in business practices. E-commerce is an online website where the sale or buys of merchandise ordered electronically. It gives a simple approach to sell items to customers. In the applications suffers payments issues; for example, electronic transactions utilizing Visas or debit cards, net banking, PayPal or different tokens have more consistency problems and are at expanded hazard from being focused than different sites as they suffer more outcomes if there is information loss or modification. An Enhanced High-Speed Key Transmission (EHSKT) Technique is proposed for secure and efficient payment transactions and avoids fraud activity. The proposed system works based UUID (Universally Unique Identifier) to generate a unique id for payment transactions. Proposed system generates Unique id have a combination of number, alphabets, & special character to avoid fraud users. The proposed design reduces the encryption, decryption time and key complexity. Based on Experimental evaluations, proposed methodology reduces 4.73 AD (Average Delay), 23.91 EC (Energy Consumption), 0.95 ET (Encryption Time), 0.85 DT (Decryption Time) and improves 59.8% (Throughput) compared than existing methodologies.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1187-1194
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Hysteresis Loops for Magnetoelectric Multiferroics Using Landau-Khalatnikov Theory

10.11591/ijece.v8i6.pp4823-4828
Vincensius Gunawan , Ngurah Ayu Ketut Umiati
We present a theoretical discussion of the hysteresis in magnetoelectric multiferroics with bi-quadratic magnetoelectric coupling. The calculations were performed by employing Landau-Khalatnikov equation of motion for both the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phase, then solve it simultaneously. In magnetoelectric, we obtain four types of hysteresis: ferroelectric hysteresis, ferromagnetic hysteresis and two types of cross hysteresis (electric field versus magnetization and magnetic field versus electric polarization). The cross hysteresis has butterfly shape which agree with the result from the previous research. It can also be seen from that hysteresis, that magnetization / electric polarization can not be flipped into the opposite direction using external electric / magnetic field when the magnetoelectric coupling is bi-quadratic type. Overall, the result shows that Landau-Khalatnikov equation is able to approximate hysteresis loops in multiferroics system.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 4823-4828
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Speed Control of PMDCM Based GA and DS Techniques

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1467-1475
Wisam Najm AL-Din Abed , Adham Hadi Saleh , Abbas Salman Hameed
Permanent magnet direct current motors (PMDCM) are widely used in various applications such as space technologies, personal computers, medical, military, robotics, electrical vehicles, etc. In this paper, the mathematical model of PMDCM is designed and simulated using MATLAB software. The PMDCM speed is controlled using rate feedback controller due to its ability of improving system damping. To improve the controller performance, it’s parameters are tuned using genetic algorithm (GA) and direct search (DS) techniques. The tuning process based on different performance criteria. The most four common performance criteria used in this paper are JIAE (Integral of Absolute Error), JISE (Integral of Square Error), JITAE (Integral of Time-Weighted Absolute Error), and JITSE (Integral of Time-Weighted Square Error). The results obtained from these evolutionary techniques are compared.  The results show an obvious improvement in system performance including enhancing the transient and steady state of PMDCM speed responses for all performance criteria.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 1467-1475
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Intelligent Information System for Suspicious Human Activity Detection in Day and Night

10.11591/ijict.v7i3.pp117-123
J L Mazher Iqbal , S. Arun
The detection of human beings in a camera attracts more attention because of its wide range of applications such as abnormal event detection, person counting in a dense crowd, person identification, fall detection for care to elderly people, etc. Over the time, various techniques have evolved to enhance the visual information. This article presents a novel 3-D intelligent information system for identifying abnormal human activity using background subtraction, rectification, morphology, neural networks and depth estimation with a thermal camera and a pair of hand held Universal Serial Bus (USB) camera to visualize un-calibrated images. The proposed system detects strongest points using Speed-Up Robust Features (SURF). The Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) algorithm match the strongest points detected by SURF. 3-D object model and image stitching from image sequences are carried out in the proposed work. A series of images captured from different cameras are stitched into a geometrically consistent mosaic either horizontally/vertically based on the image acquisition. 3-D image and depth estimation of un-calibrated stereo images are acquired using rectification and disparity. The background is separated from the scene using threshold approach. Features are extracted using morphological operators in order to get the skeleton. Junction points and end points of the skeleton image are obtained from the skeleton. Data set of abnormal human activity is created using supervised learning such as neural network with a thermal camera and a pair of webcam. The feature vector of an activity is compared with already created data set, if a match occurs the classifier detects abnormal human activity. Additionally the proposed algorithm performs depth estimation to measure real time distance of objects dynamically. The system use thermal camera, Intel computing stick, converter, video graphics array (VGA) to high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI) and webcams. The proposed novel intelligent information system gives 94% maximum accuracy and 89% minimum accuracy for different activities, thus it effectively detects suspicious activity during day and night.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 117-123
Publish at: 2018-12-01

A Novel Approach for Phishing Emails Real Time Classification Using K-Means Algorithm

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/11257
Vidya Mhaske-Dhamdhere , Sandeep Vanjale
The dangers phishing becomes considerably bigger problem in online networking, for example, Facebook, twitter and Google+.. In this paper we are mainly focus on a novel approach of real time phishing email classification using machine learning algorithm. We use random forest, Decision tree with J48 ,naïve Bayes we use spam base dataset. On spam base dataset random forest algorithm work best which give true positive 97.2% and falsie negative is 0.88% and give correctly classification 94.82% and incorrectly classification 5.17%.
Volume: 8
Issue: 6
Page: 5326-5332
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Cost Effective Solution for a Shunt Hybrid Filter Using Enhanced Current Controller

10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i4.pp1685-1692
Y. Lalitha Kameswari , O. Chandra Sekhar
The increasing demand of energy and development of distributed generation systems have led to great progress in medium voltage high-power inverters. On the other side, due to more intransigent regulations in the area of power quality and appearance of new grid codes, which limit the harmonics’ amounts in ac grids, special attention has to be made to restrict the harmonics. The recently proposed selective harmonic mitigation pulse width modulation method reduces the values of specific harmonics to meet the grid codes, instead of making them zero. In this way, there are much more solutions for mitigating the same harmonics which in the Selective Harmonic Eliminated Pulse-Width Modulation (SHEPWM), are completely eliminated. The SHMPWM was first introduced in, where a waveform  having 750 Hz switching frequency was employed to mitigate harmonics up to 49th to satisfy the grid codes EN 50160 and CIGRE WG 36-05 without using any filtering system. In this contribution a solution to the parallel resonance problem that can be present in practical applications of shunt Active Power Filter (APF) compensation is proposed. The proposed solution involves turning the shunt APF scheme of compensation into a Shunt Hybrid Filter (SHF) configuration. A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR)-based switching controller was specifically designed for this hybrid scheme of compensation, maintaining stringent performance requirements on the tracking of filtering currents and the draining of the harmonic ripple currents.
Volume: 9
Issue: 4
Page: 1685-1692
Publish at: 2018-12-01

Event-Concept Pair Series Extraction to Represent Medical Complications from Texts

10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1320-1333
Chaveevan Pechsiri , Sumran Phainoun
This research aims to determine an event-concept pair series as consequent events, particularly a Cause-Effect-concept pair (called ‘CEpair’) series on disease documents downloaded from hospital-web-boards. CEpair series are used for representing medical/disease complications which benefit for Solving system. Each causative/effect event concept is expressed by a verb phrase of an elementary discourse unit (EDU) which is a simple sentence. The research has three problems; how to determine each adjacent-EDU pair having the cause-effect relation, how to determine a CEpair series mingled with non-causeeffect-relation EDUs, and how to identify the complication of several extracted CEpair series from the documents. Therefore, we extract NWordCo-concept set having the causative/effect concepts from EDUs’ verb phrases including a support vector machine to solve each NWordCo size. We apply the Naïve Bayes classifier to learn and extract an NWordCoconcept pair set as a knowledge template having the cause-effect relation from the documents. We then propose using the knowledge template to extract several CEpair series. We also apply the intersection of the NWordCo-concept sets to identify the commoncause/effect for representing the complication-development parts of the extracted-CEpair series. The research results provide the high percent correctness of the CEpair-series determination from the documents.
Volume: 12
Issue: 3
Page: 1320-1333
Publish at: 2018-12-01
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