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28,719 Article Results

Learning Based Route Management in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp718-723
Rahul M Desai , B P Patil , Davinder Pal Sharma
Ad hoc networks are mobile wireless networks where each node is acting as a router. The existing routing protocols such as Destination sequences distance vector, Optimized list state routing protocols, Ad hoc on demand routing protocol, dynamic source routing are optimized versions of distance vector or link state routing protocols.  Reinforcement Learning is new method evolved recently which is learning from interaction with an environment. Q Learning which is based on Reinforcement learning that learns from the delayed reinforcements and becomes more popular in areas of networking. Q Learning is applied  to the routing algorithms where the routing tables in the distance vector algorithms are replaced by the estimation tables called as Q values. These Q values are based on the link delay. In this paper, various optimization techniques over Q routing are described in detail with their algorithms.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 718-723
Publish at: 2017-09-01

A Survey on Software Estimation Techniques in Traditional and Agile Development Models

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp867-876
B. Prakash , V. Viswanathan
Software projects mostly exceeds budget, delivered late and does not meet with the customer’s satisfaction for years. In the past, many traditional development models like waterfall, spiral, iterative, and prototyping methods are used to build the software systems. In recent years, agile models are widely used in developing the software products. The major reasons are – simplicity, incorporating the requirement changes at any time, light-weight approach and delivering the working product early and in short duration. Whatever the development model used, it still remains a challenge for software engineer’s to accurately estimate the size, effort and the time required for developing the software system. This survey focuses on the existing estimation models used in traditional as well in agile software development.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 867-876
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Comparative Analysis of Carrier based techniques for Single phase Diode Clamped MLI and Hybrid inverter with reduced components

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp687-697
Nunsavath Susheela
The multilevel inverters have highly desirable characteristics in high power high voltage applications. The multilevel inverter was started first with diode clamped multilevel inverter. Later, various configurations have been came into existence for many applications. However the multilevel inverters have some demerits such as requiring higher number of components, PWM control method is complex and capacitor voltage balancing problem. The hybrid multilevel inverter presented in this paper has superior characteristics over conventional multilevel inverters. The hybrid multilevel inverter employs fewer components and less carrier signals when compared to conventional multilevel inverters. It consists of level generation and polarity generation stages which involves high frequency and low frequency switches. The complexity and overall cost for higher output voltage levels are greatly reduced. Implementation of single phase 7-level, 9-level and 11-level diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid multilevel inverter has been performed using sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) strategies i.e., phase disposition (PD), alternate phase opposition disposition (APOD). Also these techniques are compared in terms of total harmonic distortion (THD) for various modulation indices and observed to be greatly improved in case of hybrid inverter when compared to diode clamped inverter. The comparative study of performance for single phase diode clamped multilevel inverter and hybrid inverter is analyzed with different loads.  Simulation is performed using MATLAB/ SIMULINK. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 687-697
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Comparison of Surface Roughness Prediction with Regression and Tree Based Regressions During Boring Operation

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp887-892
S. Surendar , M. Elangovan
Modern manufacturing methods permit the study and prediction of surface roughness since the acquisition of signals and its processing is made instantaneously. With the availability of better computing facilities and newer algorithms in the machine learning domain, online surface roughness prediction will lead to the manufacture of intelligent machines that alert the operator when the process crosses the specified range of roughness. Prediction of surface roughness by multiple linear regression, regression tree and M5P tree methods using multivariable predictors and a single response dependent variable Ra (surface roughness) is attempted. Vibration signal from the boring operation has been acquired for the study that predicts the surface roughness on the inner face of the workpiece. A machine learning approach was used to extract the statistical features and analyzed by four different cases to achieve higher predictability, higher accuracy, low computing effort and reduction of the root mean square error. One case among them was carried out upon feature reduction using Principle Component Analysis (PCA) to examine the effect of feature reduction.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 887-892
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Sliding Mode Observers-based Fault Detection and Isolation for Wind Turbine-driven Induction Generator

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1345-1358
T. Sellami , H. Berriri , S. Jelassi , A. M. Darcherif , M. F. Mimouni
Inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) faults on the induction machine has received much attention in the recent years. Early detection of such faults in wind turbine systems would allow to avoid fluctuation on wind power output and maintain the reliability level. In this paper, Sliding Mode Observers (SMO)-based fault detection and isolation method is developed for induction generator (IG)-based variable-speed grid-connected wind turbines. Firstly, the dynamic model of the wind turbine and IG was given and then, the control was made based on Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method. The IG closed-loop via Indirect Rotor Flux Oriented Control (IRFOC) scheme was also described. Hence, the performance of the wind turbine system and the stability of injected power to the grid were analyzed under the ITSC fault conditions. The control schemes were proved to be inherently unstable under the faulty conditions. Then, robust SMO were investigated to design an ITSC fault detection and isolation scheme. Finally, simulation results of ITSC detection and isolation in the variable-speed grid-connected wind turbine with affected IG confirm the theoretical development.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1345-1358
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Evaluation of Various Maintenance Strategies for Reliability Assessment of Thermal Power Plants

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp617-624
Sima Zarei , Peiman Ghaedi-Kajuei
In recent years, the world has had a phenomenal economic growth due to the acquisition of innovative technologies and globalization. In the meantime, electrical power plants are regarded as a fundamental element in industrial and production, and any deficiency in supplying may lead to significant financial detriment. Regard to the deep dependency of modern lifestyle to electricity, providing a high-quality and reliable electricity for consumers has taken on paramount importance. The reliability of a power plant depends on the configuration of elements and the reliability of each utility. The reliability, continuous service, flexibility in operation, simplicity, maintenance, development availability, meeting required standards etc. constitute the decisive factors for selection of a utility. Hence, each component of a power system must maintain the adequate level of reliability. In general, the maintenance approaches are classified into two parts: 1- The maintenance which must be carried out within determined and specified time intervals; 2- The maintenance which must be performed when required or in emergencies. To evaluate the maintenance and its effect on reliability, two types of deterministic and probabilistic approaches are presented. In this paper, a comprehensive description of both models is issued, and a detailed comparison is drawn. The results obviously show that the probabilistic models have considerable priority to deterministic models regard to their abilities for maximization of reliability or minimization of costs.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 617-624
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Fractional Order PID Controlled PV Buck Boost Converter with Coupled Inductor

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1401-1407
Vanitha D , M. Rathinakumar
Buck-boost converter is a good interface between PV and the load. This paper deals with comparison between PI and FOPID controlled PV fed Buck Boost Converter with Coupled Inductor (PVBBCCI) systems. Open loop PVBBCCI system, closed loop PI controlled PVBBCCI and FOPID based PVBBCCI systems are designed, modeled and simulated using Simulink and their results are presented. The investigations indicate the superior performance of FOPID controlled PVBBCCI system. The proposed system has advantages like reduced hardware count enhanced dynamic response and improved stability.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1401-1407
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Effect of PWM Duty Cycle and Frequency of Power Supply to the LED Bulb Efficacy

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1011-1015
Andi Pawawoi , Wahyu Prabowo
In this paper described the effect of frequency and duty cycle of the PWM power supply LED bulb light efficacy. Efficacy LED bulb is measured by measuring the light flux and power consumed at standard conditions, the bulb is supplied directly from the network. Then efficacy, the luminous flux and power the bulb is also measured under the conditions given PWM power supply at some frequency and duty cycle value. In the same light flux levels between the two treatment, the use of PWM power supply can increase the efficacy of the light bulb up to 66.2%, with a value of 117.52 light efficacy lumen / Watt. At the level of light flux which is slightly lower, the use of PWM power supply to the LED bulb with a specific frequency and power supply can achieve the efficacy of 397.14 lumens / Watt
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1011-1015
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Optimal Energy Harvesting Scheme for Power Beacon-Assisted Wireless-Powered Networks

10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i3.pp802-808
Dinh-Thuan Do
In this paper, we consider one-way  relay with energy harvesting system based on power beacon (PB), in which the relay node harvests transmitted power from the PB station to forward signals to destination. We also analyse the relay network model with amplify-and-forward (AF) protocol for information cooperation and Power Splitting-based Relaying (PSR) protocol for power transfer. In particular, the outage probability and optimal energy harvesting (EH) power splitting fraction of novel scheme in are presented. We obtain analytical closed-form expression of  optimal energy harvesting (EH) power splitting fraction to minimize the outage probability of system. Using numerical and analytical simulations, the performances of different cases are presented and discussed.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 802-808
Publish at: 2017-09-01

Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System-based Improvement of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic Systems

10.11591/ijpeds.v8.i3.pp1327-1334
Khaled Bataineh , Yazan Taamneh
This paper presents a maximum power point (MPP) tracking method based on a hybrid combination between the fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and the conventional Perturb-and-Observe (P&O) method. The proposed algorithm utilizes the FLC to initialize P&O algorithm with an initial duty cycle.  MATLAB/Simulink models consisting of, the photovoltaic system, boost converter and controllers, are built to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. To accurately illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, comparisons with standalone FLC and P&O are carried out. The performance of the proposed algorithm is investigated difficult weather conditions including sudden changes and partial shading. The results showed that the proposed algorithm successfully reaches MPP in all scenarios.
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Page: 1327-1334
Publish at: 2017-09-01

A New Methodology for Active Power Transmission Loss Allocation in Deregulated Power System

10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1725-1737
Prakash Kumar Hota , Atulya Prasad Naik
This paper presents a new method for transmission loss allocation in a deregulated power system. As the power loss is a nonlinear quantity, so to allocate the loss in a common transmission corrider is a difficult task. It allocates transmission losses to loads based on the actual power flow in the lossy lines due to the concerned load. Each lossy line is subdivided into as many sub-lines as corresponding to the numbers of load attached to it. The tracing of power flow through each sub-line is worked out by using proportional sharing method. The power loss in each lossy line is equal with the total loss due to all the sub-lines under it. Then by using Pro-rata for each lossy line, the individual loss for each sub-line is formulated. As the application of Pro-rata is limited to an individual line of the system, so the error in calculation is minimized. The total loss allocated to a particular load is the sum of losses occurred in each lossy lines through which the power is flowing to the concerned load. As this method is based on the actual flow of power in the transmission line corresponding to the concerned load, hence, the loss allocation made by the method gives proper and justifiable allocations to the different loads which are attached to the system. The proposed method is applied to a six-bus system and finds the mismatch in the commonly used methods. Then, it is applied to higher bus systems in which more accurate results are obtained compared to the other methods.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1725-1737
Publish at: 2017-08-01

Impact of multiple channels on the Characteristics of Rectangular GAA MOSFET

10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp1899-1905
Mohammed Khaouani , Ahlam Guen-Bouazza
Square gate all around MOSFETs are a very promising device structures allowing to continue scaling due to their superior control over the short channel effects. In this work a numerical study of a square structure with single channel is compared to a structure with 4 channels in order to highlight the impact of channels number on the device’s DC parameters (drain current and threshold voltage). Our single channel rectangular GAA MOSFET showed reasonable ratio Ion/Ioff of 104, while our four channels GAA MOSFET showed a value of 103. In addition, a low value of drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) of 60mV/V was obtained for our single channel GAA and a lower value of with 40mv/v has been obtained for our four channel one. Also, an extrinsic transconductance of 88ms/µm have been obtained for our four channels GAA compared to the single channel that is equal to 7ms/µm.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1899-1905
Publish at: 2017-08-01

Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applications

10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2027-2035
S. Elajoumi , A. Tajmouati , A. Errkik , Am. Sanchez , M. Latrach
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 2027-2035
Publish at: 2017-08-01

Distance Estimation based on Color-Block: A Simple Big-O Analysis

10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2169-2175
Budi Rahmani , Hugo Aprilianto , Heru Ismanto , Hamdani Hamdani
This paper explains how the process of reading the data object detection results with a certain color. In this case the object is an orange tennis ball. We use a Pixy CMUcam5 connecting to the Arduino Nano with microcontroler ATmega328-based. Then through the USB port, data from Arduino nano re-read and displayed. It’s to ensure weather an orange object is detected or not. By this process it will be exactly known how many blocks object detected, including the X and Y coordinates of the object. Finally, it will be explained the complexity of the algorithms used in the process of reading the results of the detection orange object.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 2169-2175
Publish at: 2017-08-01

A 300 GHz CMOS Transmitter Front-End for Ultrahigh-Speed Wireless Communications

10.11591/ijece.v7i4.pp2278-2286
Tuan Anh Vu , Minoru Fujishima
This paper presents a 300 GHz transmitter front-end suitable for ultrahigh-speed wireless communications. The transmitter front-end realized in TSMC 40 nm CMOS consists of a common-source (CS) based doubler driven by a two-way D-band power amplifier (PA). Simulation results show that the two-way D-band PA obtains a peak gain of 21.6 dB over a -3 dB bandwidth from 132 GHz to 159 GHz. It exhibits a saturated power of 7.2 dBm and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 2.3%, all at 150 GHz. The CS based doubler results in an output power of 0.5 mW at 300 GHz. The transmitter front-end consumes a DC power of 205.8 mW from a 0.9 V supply voltage while it occupies an area of 2.1 mm2.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 2278-2286
Publish at: 2017-08-01
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