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28,812 Article Results

A Comparative study on Handoff Algorithms for GSM and CDMA Cellular Networks

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1219-1227
S. Neeraja , G. Sasibhushana Rao
The GSM, CDMA cellular systems are most trendy 2G and 3G digital cellular telecommunications systems, which is widely used throughout the world. These systems have many advantages such as high security, higher quality of call transmission over the long distances, low transmitted power, and enhanced capacity with more efficient utilization of the frequency spectrum. With these advantages these cellular systems have attracted more subscribers with more attention in the field of mobile communications. One of the most attractive features of cellular system is handoff which is a continuation of an active call when the mobile is moving from one cell to another without disconnecting the call. Usually, continuous service is achieved by efficiently designed handoff algorithms. So, efficient handoff algorithms are necessary for enhancing the capacity and QoS of cellular system. In this paper, the handoff analysis for GSM, CDMA cellular networks are done under various propagation models. Various handoff algorithms of GSM are described and also a novel received signal strength (RSS) based GSM handoff algorithm with adaptive hysteresis is analyzed. CDMA Soft handoff algorithm is analyzed and effective soft handoff parameters are estimated for better performance. The Comparison of handoff algorithms is studied based on results.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1219-1227
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Novel Approach for Qualitative Imaging of Buried PEC Scatterers

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5822
Martina Teresa; Università Mediterranea di Reggio Calabria, DIIES Bevacqua
A new linear approach for support reconstruction of impenetrable objects is described and tested in case of scattered field data collected in Ground Penetrating Radar measurement configuration. Starting from the considerations that in high conductivity scatterers the currents induced inside the scatterers are only localized on its boundary and that they take up only few pixels of the entire investigation domain, a sparsity promoting inversion technique is formulated. The flexibility of the approach allows to counteract the specific difficulty to work under “aspect limited” measurement configurations, as the one at hand. Examples with numerical noisy data are given to demonstrate and validate the effectiveness of the method in localizing and in retrieving the shape of the unknown objects buried in lossy soil.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 622-627
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Predicting the Level of Emotion by Means of Indonesian Speech Signal

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.3965
Fergyanto E.; Bina Nusantara University Gunawan , Kanyadian; Bina Nusantara University Idananta
Understanding human emotion is of importance for developing better and facilitating smooth interpersonal relations. It becomes much more important because human thinking process and behavior are strongly influenced by the emotion. Align with these needs, an expert system that capable of predicting the emotion state would be useful for many practical applications. Based on a speech signal, the system has been widely developed for various languages. This study intends to evaluate to which extent Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features, besides Teager energy feature, derived from Indonesian speech signal relates to four emotional types: happy, sad, angry, and fear. The study utilizes empirical data of nearly 300 speech signals collected from four amateur actors and actresses speaking 15 prescribed Indonesian sentences. Using support vector machine classifier, the empirical findings suggest that the Teager energy, as well as the first coefficient of MFCCs, are a crucial feature and the prediction can achieve the accuracy level of 86%. The accuracy increases quickly with a few initial MFCC features. The fourth and more features have negligible effects on the accuracy.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 665-670
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Adverse Impact of STATCOM on the Performance of Distance Relay

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp528-536
Elhadi Emhemad Aker , Mohammad Lutfi Othman , Ishak Aris , Noor Izzri Abdul Wahab , Hashim Hizam , Osaji Emmanuel
FACTS devices like the Static synchronous Compensator (STATCOM), are mostly used to enhance the maximum power transfer capability of the transmission Line (TL) system. A Matlab simulation model of Distance Relay protection of TL, with connected STATCOM at the mid-point for optimum power transfer is presented. The STATCOM’s impact on the operation of the relay is assessed with the effects on the relay misoperation in the third zone of protection coverage, during fault conditions, in four different locations.The wrong measured fault impedance by relay resulted to misoperation in zone 3 (under reach phenomena). The simulation result indicates a slight increase in the measured impedance of 1.33 Ω over the actually expected impedance setting (72.02 Ω) of the relay at 220 km protection coverage of zone 3 along the TL. This variation is about 4 km distance outside the expected distance protection coverage for fault in zone 3 as proven.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 528-536
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Peripheral Slits Microstrip Antenna Using Log Periodic Technique for Digital Television Broadcasting

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.6246
Indra; Trisakti Univeristy Surjati , Yuli; Trisakti Univeristy Kurnia Ningsih , Syah; Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Jakarta Alam
This paper proposed a new design of log periodic microstrip antenna using peripheral slits for Digital Video Broadcasting applications in DKI Jakarta. Applying peripheral slits can be reduced the dimension of antenna up to 62.6% with its dimension 400 mm x 150 mm using 4 patches in different frequencies. The patches are one another connected using log periodic technique. The measurement results showed that the antenna was operating at frequency ranges of 450 MHz to800 MHz with impedance bandwidth of 350 MHz,VSWR ≤ 2 and return loss ≤ -10dB. The proposed antenna could receive 11 DVB stations with high definition quality pictureand only channel number 24, such as RCTI, Global TV and MNC TV can not reveive signals as expected.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 628-635
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Application of Immune Log-Normal Evolutionary Programming in Distributed Generation Installation

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp730-736
M. H. Mansor , I. Musirin , M. M. Othman , S. A. Shaaya , S. A. Syed Mustaffa
Nowadays, the location and sizing of distributed generation (DG) units in power system network are crucial to be at optimal as it will affect the power system operation in terms of stability and security. In this paper, a new technique termed as Immune Log-Normal Evolutionary Programming (ILNEP) is applied to find the optimal location and size of distributed generation units in power system network. Voltage stability is considered in solving this problem. The proposed technique has been tested on the IEEE 26 bus Reliability Test System to find the optimal location and size of distributed generation in transmission network. In order to study the performance of ILNEP technique in solving DG Installation problem, the results produced by ILNEP were compared with other meta-heuristic techniques like evolutionary programming (EP) and artificial immune system (AIS). It is found that the proposed technique gives better solution in term of lower total system loss compared to the other two techniques.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 730-736
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Progressive Mining of Sequential Patterns Based on Single Constraint

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5098
Regina Yulia; Institut Teknologi Bandung Yasmin , Putri; Institut Teknologi Bandung Saptawati , Benhard; Institut Teknologi Bandung Sitohang
Data that were appeared in the order of time and stored in a sequence database can be processed to obtain sequential patterns. Sequential pattern mining is the process to obtain sequential patterns from database. However, large amount of data with a variety of data type and rapid data growth raise the scalability issue in data mining process. On the other hand, user needs to analyze data based on specific organizational needs. Therefore, constraint is used to impose limitation in the mining process. Constraint in sequential pattern mining can reduce the short and trivial sequential patterns so that the sequential patterns satisfy user needs. Progressive mining of sequential patterns, PISA, based on single constraint utilizes Period of Interest (POI) as predefined time frame set by user in progressive sequential tree. Single constraint checking in PISA utilizes the concept of anti monotonic or monotonic constraint. Therefore, the number of sequential patterns will decrease, the total execution time of mining process will decrease and as a result, the system scalability will be achieved.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 709-717
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Decision System for Predicting Diabetes using Neural Networks

10.11591/ijai.v6.i2.pp56-65
K. Chandana Rani , Y. Prasanth
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an eye fixed ill complete by the impairment of polygenic disorder and that we purchased to acknowledge it before of calendar for sensible treatment. On these lines, 2 social occasions were perceived, specifically non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). During this paper, to dissect diabetic retinopathy, 3 models like Probabilistic Neural framework (PNN), Bayesian Classification and Support vector machine (SVM) square measure pictured and their displays square measure thought-about. The live of the unwellness unfold within the membrane are often recognized by analytic the elements of the membrane. The elements like veins, hemorrhages of NPDR image and exudates of PDR image square measure off from the unrefined photos victimization the icon prepare techniques, fed to the classifier for gathering a complete of 350 structure photos were used, out of that100 were used for designing and 250 pictures were used for testing. Exploratory results show that PNN has an accuracy of 89.6 % Bayes Classifier incorporates a exactness of 94.4% and SVM has an exactitude of 97.6%. What is more our system is equally continue running on 130 pictures open from "DIARETDB0: Evaluation Database and Procedure for Diabetic Retinopathy" and also the results show that PNN incorporates a exactness of 87.69% Bayes Classifier has an accuracy of 90.76% and SVM has a precision of 95.38%.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 56-65
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Model and Algorithm of Dynamic Map Expression and Its Application

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.3906
Wan-wu; Geomatics College, Shandong University of Science and Technology Li , Lin; Geomatics College, Shandong University of Science and Technology Key Laboratory of Surveying and Mapping Technology on Island and Reef, National Administration of Surveying, Mapping and Geoinformation Liu , Xu-chen; Geomatics College, Shandong University of Science and Technology Wei , Jia-jing; Ocean University of China Li , Zhaohui; Shandong University of Science and Technology Liu
On the basis of summarizing the research results of visual variables, we define six dynamic visual variables of the map symbol in this paper. We analyze the related attributes of dynamic symbols, and then construct a dynamic map expression model based on symbols. A key technology to realize dynamic expression——the key frame transform algorithm is present in the paper. The cartography process of the urban population proportion dynamic change map of the cities in Shandong province are taken as an example to demonstrate the methods and process of dynamic mapping based on the above map dynamic expression theories and models, which includes base map digitization, sorting and processing of attribute data, adding the map elements, the creation of special dynamic effect such as color transform, continuous flashing and object moving, and realization of interactive function. Finally, the paper shows the dynamic map of sea level rising influence on Qingdao, the Typhoon Soulik traveling map, the Western European natural gas trade flow variation map, the Bangkok flood risk level dynamic map, and other dynamic map effect at the end of the article.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 686-692
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Immunized-Evolutionary Algorithm Based Technique for Loss Control in Transmission System with Multi-Load Increment

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp737-748
Sharifah Azwa Shaaya , Ismail Musirin , Shahril Irwan Sulaiman , Mohd Helmi Mansor
Loss issue is significant in power system since it affects the operation of power system, which ultimately can be translated to monetary effect. Incremental demand that explicitly adding the reactive load causes extra heating losses in the transmission circuit. Without appropriate remedial control, the temperature increase on transmission line cable would end with insulation failure. This phenomenon can be alleviated with a proper compensation scheme that provides optimal solution along with avoidance of under-compensation or over-compensation. Evolutionary Programming (EP) has been recognised as one of the powerful optimisation technique, applied in solving power system problems. Nevertheless, EP is an old technique that sometimes could reach to a settlement that is not fully satisfied. Thus, the need for a new approach to improve the setback is urgent. This paper presents immunized-evolutionary algorithm based technique for loss control in transmission system with multi-load increment. The classical EP was integrated with immune algorithm so as to reduce the computational burden experienced by the classical EP. The algorithm has been tested on a IEEE 12-Bus System and IEEE 14-Bus System. Comparative study was conducted between EP and IEP in terms of optimisation performance. The optimal size and location of PV determined by IEP was able to control the loss in transmission system when the load increases. Results obtained from the studies revealed the merit of the proposed IEP; indicating its feasibility for future implementation in practical system.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 737-748
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A New Model of Genetic Zone Routing Protocol (GZRP): The Process of Load Balancing and Offloading on The UMTS-IEEE 802.11g Hybrid Networks

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5633
Setiyo; Universitas Mercu Buana Budiyanto , Arissetyanto; Universitas Mercu Buana Nugroho
The stages of the process of Genetic Algorithm (GA), are: Encoding Genotype and Chromosome; Set Initialization Population; Evaluation Fitness Function; and Selection Process as well as in the later stages Cross Over Process and Mutation. Outputs from the tests performed in this study can be obtained by comparing the Genes of the "Child" (condition data traffic on the UMTS Hybrid - 802.11g network after the GA) against Gen "Holding" (traffic data before the GA process). The research was conducted by calculating the environmental factors, namely: The scheme Two - Ray Model Propagation and Overlapping Channel Interference Factor, the Doppler Effect be ignored because the User Equipment (UE) is considered not to shift significant arenas on the IEEE 802.11g networks. The results of the research is as follows: In the process of cross over, there is a significant change in the bandwidth, data traffic capacity and Power parameter changes by 9 MHz,  36 MB, and 40 dBm. In the process of mutation, there is a significant change in the  bandwidth, data traffic capacity, and Power  parameter by 17 MHz, 32 MB, and 20 dBm.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 598-605
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Improved Sensorless Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor Using Fuzzy Logic and Neural Network Based Duty Ratio Controller

10.11591/ijai.v6.i2.pp79-90
Sudheer H , Kodad SF , Sarvesh B
This paper presents improvements in Direct Torque control of an induction motor using Fuzzy logic with Fuzzy logic and neural network based duty ratio controller. The conventional DTC (CDTC) of induction motor suffers from major drawbacks like high torque and flux ripples and poor transient response. Torque and flux ripples are reduced by replacing hysteresis controller and switching table with Fuzzy logic switching controller (FDTC). In FDTC the selected switching vector is applied for the complete switching time period. The FDTC steady state performance can be improved by using duty ratio controller, the selected switching vector is applied only for the time determined by the duty ratio (δ) and for the remaining time period zero switching vector is applied. The selection of duty ratio using Fuzzy logic and neural networks is projected in this paper. The effectiveness proposed methods are evaluated using simulation by Matlab/Simulink.
Volume: 6
Issue: 2
Page: 79-90
Publish at: 2017-06-01

An Indonesian Standard of Lithium-ion Battery Cell Ferro Phospate for Electric Vehicle Applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.6233
Wahyudi; Department of Industrial Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia Sutopo , Evizal; Teknik Informatika Fakultas Teknik Universitas Islam Riau Abdul Kadir
In general, the process of developing new standards had problems in early the development process. In particular to identify what steps are necessary to develop new standards. Methodology of writing this article was conducted using the methodology of FACTS (Framework for Analysis, Comparison and Testing of the Standard). The results of this paper are the new standard for the Indonesian National Standard of Lithium-ion Battery Cell Ferro Phosphate for Electric Vehicle Applications.The standard of development data is can be use by automotive industrial and also for the government to decide new policy on electric vehicle especially in Indonesia.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 584-589
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Low-Cost Contact Angle Measurement System for QCM Sensor

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.4981
Setyawan Purnomo; Brawijaya University Sakti , Rizal Y; Brawijaya University Aji , Layli; Department of Physics Amaliya , Masruroh; Brawijaya University Masruroh
Hydrophobicity is one of the importance factors in the surface properties of materials. This work presents the development of a low-cost contact angle measurement system based on goniometric measurement using a low-cost digital camera, tilt control system for surface alignment and curvature approximation algorithm to determine the contact angle between the solid and spherical cap of a water droplet. The design is specifically targeted for measuring the contact angle of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance sensor in the form of HC-49/U with a disc diameter of 8.7mm.The contact angle measurement using goniometric measurement depends on the quality of captured image and calculation method for the angle determination. Proper alignment of the sample surface is required to minimize the discrepancy of the angle measurement of water drop surface profile caused by gravity. A PIC18F4550 microcontroller is used to control the motorized tilt platform to reduce the discrepancy between left and right contact angle value. Circle fit algorithm to determine the contact angle value from the captured image is used. Using the motorized tilt control system and circle fit algorithm, the developed contact angle measurement system able to measure the contact angle with discrepancy less than 1O.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 560-569
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Digital Rights Management System based on Cloud

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5991
Franco; University of Sannio Frattolillo
In the current Internet, digital entertainment contents, such as video or audio files, are easily accessible due to the new multimedia technologies and to broadband network connections. This causes considerable economic loss to global media players since digital contents, once legitimately obtained, can be illegitimately shared through file sharing services on the Internet. Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems have been proposed to support the protection of copyrighted digital contents. Even though such systems have been widely adopted and promoted by global media players, they are based on proprietary mechanisms that usually work only in closed, monolithic environments. In this regard, systems based on watermarking technologies appear more suited to protect digital copyrighted content. This paper describes the implementation scheme of a DRM system able to ensure the copyright protection of digital content according to an innovative buyer-friendly watermarking protocol. The DRM system has been implemented by exploiting a cloud environment in order to improve the overall performance of the system. In particular, cloud behaves as a service infrastructural provider, since the content provider involved in the watermarking protocol uses cloud to speed up the watermark embedding process and to save storage and bandwidth costs needed to store and to deliver protected contents.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 671-677
Publish at: 2017-06-01
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