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28,188 Article Results

Improved Capacity Image Steganography Algorithm using 16-Pixel Differencing with n-bit LSB Substitution for RGB Images

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2735-2741
Meenakshi S Arya , Meenu Rani , Charndeep Singh Bedi
With the intrusion of internet into the lives of every household and terabytes of data being transmitted over the internet on daily basis, the protection of content being transmitted over the internet has become an extremely serious concern. Various measures and methods are being researched and devised everyday to ensure content protection of digital media. To address this issue of content protection, this paper proposes an RGB image steganography based on sixteen-pixel differencing with n-bit Least Significant Bit (LSB) substitution. The proposed technique provides higher embedding capacity without sacrificing the imperceptibility of the host data. The image is divided into 4×4 non overlapping blocks and in each block the average difference value is calculated. Based on this value the block is classified to fall into one of four levels such as, lower, lower-middle, higher-middle and higher. If block belongs to lower level then 2-bit LSB substitution is used in it. Similarly, for lower-middle, higher-middle and higher level blocks 3, 4, and 5 bit LSB substitution is used. In our proposed method there is no need of pixel value readjustment for minimizing distortion. The experimental results show that stego-images are imperceptible and have huge hiding capacity.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2735-2741
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Robust Controller for a Vision Feedback Based Telepointer

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2870-2877
Shah Newaz Mohammad Abdul Kader , Mohd. Marzuki Mustafa , Aini Hussain
Telepointer is a very useful tool for teleconsultation and teleproctoring, whereby a telepointer via teleconferencing is a perfect example of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW) and digital telepresence. To this end, many telepointers are introduced for digital telepresence. However, there are still concerns regarding the speed of response and robustness of the system. It is rather difficult to model the actual system in order to design the controller. This paper described the development of a telepointer and its controller for a real time communication using vision feedback. The main focus of this study was to control the Laser Pointer (LP) with a discrete time PID (proportional–integral–derivative) controller which was tuned using Ziegler-Nichols (ZN) method. The results indicated that the tuned controller bring about fast response with no overshoot and steady state errors at the output response. The controller was shown to be robust against changes in sampling time and external disturbance.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2870-2877
Publish at: 2016-12-01

A Novel of Repulsive Function on Artificial Potential Field for Robot Path Planning

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3262-3275
H. H. Triharminto , O. Wahyunggoro , T. B. Adji , A. I. Cahyadi , I. Ardiyanto
In this paper, the issue of local minima associated with GNRON (Goal Nonreachable with Obstacles Nearby) has been solved on the Artificial Potential Field (APF) for robot path planning. A novel of repulsive potential function is proposed to solve the problem. The consideration of surrounding repulsive forces gives a trigger to escape from the local mi- nima. Addition of signum function on the repulsive force which considers relative distance between the robot and the goal ensures that the goal position is the global optima of the total potential. Simulation conducted to prove that the proposed algorithm can solve GNRON and local minima problem on APF. Scenario of each simulation set in different type of obs- tacle and goal condition. The results show that the proposed method is able to handle local minima and GNRON problem.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 3262-3275
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Report on Power Compensation and Total Harmonic Distortion level Analysis

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2577-2580
Nikita Ramesh Kalaskar , Rajesh Holmukhe
In the chart of Indian science based industry, pharmaceutical industry is on top position. So it is essential to fulfil such critical requirement or demand, production should be with high speed. For such high production, using of software based machineries, electronic circuits are been used. By using such electronic based equipment’s and machineries, it is obvious day by day increasing non-linear load of the industry which lead to lagging power factor. In electric system nonlinear load with low power factor draws more current from source. So because of such high current drawn, life of switchgear, wire and other electrical equipment decreases. So due to large equipment and wasted energy, the electrical utilities company usually charge a higher cost to industrial customer for the constant logging power factor. To improving the lagging power factor, industry may prefer to install capacitor bank in series. But installation of capacitor power bank leads to the increment of total harmonics distortion level. In common plant, containing power factor correction capacitor, It is been seen that normal resonant frequency falls normally in the range of 5th to 13th harmonics. So this non-linear load leads to inject current at 5th, 7th, 11th and 13th harmonics. It will usually result on producing the problems with switchgears, damaged capacitor banks and failure to the electrical distribution system.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2577-2580
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Face Recognition Based on Symmetrical Half-Join Method using Stereo Vision Camera

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2818-2827
Edy Winarno , Agus Harjoko , Aniati Murni Arymurthy , Edi Winarko
The main problem in face recognition system based on half-face pattern is how to anticipate poses and illuminance variations to improve recognition rate. To solve this problem, we can use two lenses on stereo vision camera in face recognition system. Stereo vision camera has left and right lenses that can be used to produce a 2D image of each lens. Stereo vision camera in face recognition has capability to produce two of 2D face images with a different angle. Both angle of the face image will produce a detailed image of the face and better lighting levels on each of the left and right lenses. In this study, we proposed a face recognition technique, using 2 lens on a stereo vision camera namely symmetrical half-join. Symmetrical half-join is a method of normalizing the image of the face detection on each of the left and right lenses in stereo vision camera, then cropping and merging at each image. Tests on face recognition rate based on the variety of poses and variations in illumination shows that the symmetrical half-join method is able to provide a high accuracy of face recognition and can anticipate variations in given pose and illumination variations. The proposed model is able to produce 86% -97% recognition rate on a variety of poses and variations in angles between 0 °- 22.5 °. The variation of illuminance measured using a lux meter can result in 90% -100% recognition rate for the category of at least dim lighting levels (above 10 lux).
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2818-2827
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Comparative Study of Various Adjustable Speed Drives During Voltage Sag

10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1393-1401
Renukadevi S , Rathinakumar M
This Paper compares the sensitivity of various adjustable speed drives to voltage sag for the process control applications. Three phase voltage sag of type B caused due to SLG fault is considered and four topologies of ASD’s are compared in this paper. The comparison is done especially in speed, voltage, current and torque of the ASDs. Diode rectifier without z source inverter, diode rectifier with z source inverter , single phase two leg Vienna rectifier and single phase neutral linked Vienna with z source inverter are compared and the best one is highlighted. The circuits of various ASD’s are simulated using   Matlab /Simulink. 
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1393-1401
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Implementation of Population Algorithms to Minimize Power Losses and Cable Cross-Section in Power Supply System

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2955-2961
V. Z. Manusov , P. V. Matrenin , E. S. Tretiakova
The article dues to the arrangement of the reactive power sources in the power grid to reduce the active power losses in transmission lines and minimize cable cross-sections of the lines. The optimal arrangement is considered from two points of view. In the first case, it is possible to minimize the active power losses only. In the second case, it is possible to change the cross-sections of the supply lines to minimize both the active power losses and the volume of the cable lines. The sum of the financial cost of the active power losses, the capital investment to install the deep reactive power compensation, and cost of the cable volume is introduced as the single optimization criterion. To reduce the losses, the deep compensation of reactive power sources in nodes of the grid are proposed. This optimization problem was solved by the Genetic algorithm and the Particle Swarm optimization algorithm. It was found out that the deep compensation allows minimizing active power losses the cable cross-section. The cost-effectiveness of the suggested method is shown. It was found out that optimal allocation of the reactive power sources allows increasing from 9% to 20% the financial expenses for the enterprise considered.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2955-2961
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Study on Improving the Network Life Time Maximazation for Wireless Sensor Network using Cross Layer Approach

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3080-3086
Rajiv R Bhandari , K Rajasekhar
In recent the espousal of Wireless Sensor Networks has been broadly augmented in numerous divisions. Battery operated Sensor nodes in the wireless network accomplish main task of capturing and responding to the surroundings. The lifetime of the network depends on the energy consumption of the sensor nodes. This paper contributes the survey on how the energy consumption should be managed for maximizing the life time of network and how to improve the efficiency of Network by using Cross layer architecture. The traditional MAC Layer, Network Layer & Transport for WLAN having their own downsides just by modifying those we can achieve the network life time maximization goal. This paper represents analytical study for Energy efficiency by modifying Scheduling algorithm, by modifying traditional AODV routing algorithm for efficient packet transmission and by effectively using TCP for End to End Delivery of Data.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 3080-3086
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Electric Power Converter with a Wide Input Voltage Range

10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1221-1227
K.O. Khokhlov , G.K. Khokhlov , A.V. Ishchenko , A.N. Cherepanov , A.S. Naronov
The electric power converter for downhole telemetry systems of oil-well pumps include a downhole block connected to the pump that contains electronic circuits required for the operation of the motor pump sensors and transmission of data about their condition to the surface are described. A few methods of electric power conversion for this purpose are considered. The circuit contained two steps of voltage converting are proposed. The electrical scheme of this method is considered in the article. Proposed decisions are simulated and verified experimentally. The input high supply voltage range (200-4200 V) without loss of efficiency (even temporary) was obtained. The results of simulation and experimental studies have shown very close results.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1221-1227
Publish at: 2016-12-01

A New Paradigm for Development of Data Imputation Approach for Missing Value Estimation

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp3222-3228
Madhu G , Nagachandrika G
Many real-world applications encountered a common issue in data analysis is the presence of missing data value and challenging task in many applications such as wireless sensor networks, medical applications and psychological domain and others. Learning and prediction in the presence of missing value can be treacherous in machine learning, data mining and statistical analysis. A missing value can signify important information about dataset in the mining process. Handling missing data value is a challenging task for the data mining process. In this paper, we propose new paradigm for the development of data imputation method for missing data value estimation based on centroids and the nearest neighbours. Firstly, identify clusters based on the k-means algorithm and calculate centroids and the nearest neighbour data records. Secondly, the nearest distances from complete dataset as well as incomplete dataset from the centroids and estimated the nearest data record which tends to be curse dimensionality. Finally, impute the missing value based nearest neighbour record using statistical measure called z-score. The experimental study demonstrates strengthen of the proposed paradigm for the imputation of the missing data value estimation in dataset. Tests have been run using different types of datasets in order to validate our approach and compare the results with other imputation methods such as KNNI, SVMI, WKNNI, KMI and FKNNI. The proposed approach is geared towards maximizing the utility of imputation with respect to missing data value estimation.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 3222-3228
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Novel Discrete Components based Speed Controller for Induction Motor

10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1075-1084
Hussain Attia , Ali Sagafinia
This paper presents an electronic design based on general purpose discrete components for speed control of a single phase induction motor drive. The MOSFETs inverter switching is controlled using Sampled Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) techniques with V/F method based on Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO). The load power is also controlled by a novel design to produce a suitable SPWM pulse. The proposed electronic system has ability to control the output frequency with flexible setting of lower limit to less than 1 Hz and to higher frequency limits to 55 Hz. Moreover, the proposed controller able to control the value of load voltage to frequency ratio, which plays a major parameter in the function of IM speed control. Furthermore, the designed system is characterized by easy manufacturing and maintenance, high speed response, low cost, and does not need to program steps as compared to other systems based on Microcontroller and digital signal processor (DSP) units. The complete proposed electronic design is made by the software of NI Multisim version 11.0 and all the internal sub-designs are shown in this paper. Simulation results show the effectiveness of electronic design for a promising of a high performance IM PWM drive.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1075-1084
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Environment Friendly Voltage Up-gradation Model for Distribution Power Systems

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2516-2525
K. Nithiyananthan , Umasankar Umasankar
The main aim of this research work is to analyze and develop voltage up gradation procedure model for effective & economic power distribution in urban and suburban area. Voltage up gradation from 6.6KV to 11KV of the distribution power system network has been considered for the proposed research work. Electric power consumption has been increasing uninterruptedly, being this increase specially accelerated in the last few years. Nowadays electric lines are saturated; they are reaching critical values of ampere capacity and sag. Therefore, building new lines has been necessary to provide the ever increasing consumption.  The difficulty to find new corridors to construct new distribution lines, underground cables is increasing in cities, industrial areas and in many cases it is simply impossible. The construction of new electric lines is increasing difficulty, thus there is a need to look at alternatives that increases the power transfer capacity. Voltage up gradation of the existing electric cables/lines of the distribution system is the most viable solution and it stresses on the savings of power due to a reduction in system losses when the voltage is high. The proposed research work is to develop and analyze voltage up gradation procedures and protocols for converting 6.6KV network into 11KV network in a distributed system. It also takes into account the expenses incurred in the process and the various other important constraints.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2516-2525
Publish at: 2016-12-01

An Integrated Interactive Technique for Image Segmentation using Stack based Seeded Region Growing and Thresholding

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2773-2780
Sirshendu Hore , Souvik Chakraborty , Sankhadeep Chatterjee , Nilanjan Dey , Amira S. Ashour , Le Van Chung , Dac-Nhuong Le
Image segmentation is a challenging process in numerous applications. Region growing is one of the segmentation techniques as a basis for the Seeded Region Growing method. A novel real time integrated method was developed in the current work to locate the segmented region of interest of an image based on the Region Growing segmentation method along with the thresholding supported image segmentation. Through the proposed work, a homogeneity based on pixel intensity was suggested as well as the threshold value can be decided via a variety of schemes such as manual selection, Iterative method, Otsu’s method, local thresholding to obtain the best possible threshold. The experimental results were performed on different images obtained from an Alpert dataset. A comparative study was arried out with the human segmented image, threshold based region growing, and the proposed integrated method. The results established that the proposed integrated method outperformed the region growing method in terms of the recall and F-score. Although, it had comparable recall values with that gained by the human segmented images. It was noted that as the image under test had a dark background with the brighter object, thus the proposed method provided the superior recall value compared to the other methods.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2773-2780
Publish at: 2016-12-01

An Adaptive Virtual Impedance Based Droop Control Scheme for Parallel Inverter Operation in Low Voltage Microgrid

10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i4.pp1309-1319
Nguyen Tien Hai , Kyeong-Hwa Kim
This paper presents an adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme for parallel inverter operation in low voltage microgrid. Because it is essential to achieve power sharing between inverters in microgrid, various droop control schemes have been proposed. In practice, the line impedance between inverters and the point of common coupling (PCC) in microgrid are not always equal. This imbalance in line impedance often results in a reactive power mismatch among inverters. This problem has been solved by introducing a virtual impedance loop in the conventional droop control scheme. However, the reactive power sharing performance of this method is still deteriorated when the line impedances change during operation. To overcome such a problem, a new control scheme that is based on a virtual impedance loop and an impedance estimation scheme is proposed. To monitor the changes in line impedances, the impedance estimator is implemented by using the output voltages and currents of inverters as well as the voltages at the PCC. To compensate for the reactive power mismatch due to the line impedance changes, the estimated line impedance is fed to the virtual impedance loop in which it adjusts the virtual impedance value. Comparative simulation results with the conventional ones verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive virtual impedance based droop control scheme.
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Page: 1309-1319
Publish at: 2016-12-01

Analysis of Open Stub Resonator and its Application in Dual Isolation Band of SPDT Switch Design

10.11591/ijece.v6i6.pp2900-2910
M. Y. Algumaei , N. A. Shairi , Z. Zakaria , A. M. S. Zobilah , B. H. Ahmad
In this paper, an analysis of open stub resonator is presented and its application in dual isolation band of Single Pole Double Throw (SPDT) switch is proposed. A mathematical model and the characteristic of the bandstop of the resonator were analyzed and discussed. The open stub resonator was implemented using the microstrip transmission line and able to switch between bandstop and allpass responses. Frequency bands of 2.3 and 3.5 GHz were chosen to demonstrate the dual isolation band in the switch design. The performance results of the SPDT switch showed that the isolation was greater than 30 dB, return loss was greater than 10 dB and insertion loss less than 2 dB at the center resonant frequency of 2.3 and 3.5 GHz. The potential application of the proposed dual isolation band of SPDT switch is for multi band RF front-end system such as WiMAX, LTE, WiFi and HyperLAN.
Volume: 6
Issue: 6
Page: 2900-2910
Publish at: 2016-12-01
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