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28,910 Article Results

Localization of Distributed Wireless Sensor Networks using Two Sage SDP Optimization

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1255-1261
Reza Shahbazian , Seyed Ali Ghorashi
A wireless sensor network (WSN) may comprise a large distributed set of low cost, low power sensing nodes. In many applications, the location of sensors is a necessity to evaluate the sensed data and it is not energy and cost efficient to equip all sensors with global positioning systems such as GPS. In this paper, we focus on the localization of sensors in a WSN by solving an optimization problem. In WSN localization, some sensors (called anchors) are aware of their location. Then, the distance measurements between sensors and anchors locations are used to localize the whole sensors in the network. WSN localization is a non-convex optimization problem, however, relaxation techniques such as semi-definite programming (SDP) are used to relax the optimization. To solve the optimization problem, all constraints should be considered simultaneously and the solution complexity order is O(n2) where n is the number of sensors. The complexity of SDP prevents solving large size problems. Therefore, it would be beneficial to reduce the problem size in large and distributed WSNs. In this paper, we propose a two stage optimization to reduce the solution time, while provide better accuracy compared with original SDP method. We first select some sensors that have the maximum connection with anchors and perform the SDP localization. Then, we select some of these sensors as virtual anchors. By adding the virtual anchors, we add more reference points and decrease the number of constraints. We propose an algorithm to select and add virtual anchors so that the total solution complexity and time decrease considerably, while improving the localization accuracy.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1255-1261
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Approximation Measures for Conditional Functional Dependencies Using Stripped Conditional Partitions

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1385-1397
Anh Duy Tran , Somjit Arch-int , Ngamnij Arch-int
Conditional functional dependencies (CFDs) have been used to improve the quality of data, including detecting and repairing data inconsistencies. Approximation measures have significant importance for data dependencies in data mining. To adapt to exceptions in real data, the measures are used to relax the strictness of CFDs for more generalized dependencies, called approximate conditional functional dependencies (ACFDs). This paper analyzes the weaknesses of dependency degree, confidence and conviction measures for general CFDs (constant and variable CFDs). A new measure for general CFDs based on incomplete knowledge granularity is proposed to measure the approximation of these dependencies as well as the distribution of data tuples into the conditional equivalence classes. Finally, the effectiveness of stripped conditional partitions and this new measure are evaluated on synthetic and real data sets. These results are important to the study of theory of approximation dependencies and improvement of discovery algorithms of CFDs and ACFDs.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1385-1397
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Modeling the Vibrational Dynamics of Piezoelectric Actuator by System Identification Technique

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1506-1512
Nurul Bahiah Mohd Noor , Mohd Ridzuan Ahmad
Actuators based on smart materials such as piezoelectric actuators (PEAs) are widely used in many applications to transform electrical signal to mechanical signal and vice versa. However, the major drawbacks for these smart actuators are hysteresis nonlinear, creep and residual vibration. In this paper, PEAs are used for active vibration application. Therefore, a model of PEA must be established to control the vibration that occurs in the system. The frequencies of 1 Hz, 20 Hz and 50 Hz were tested on the PEAs. The results obtained from the experimental were used to develop transfer function model by employing system identification technique. Meanwhile, the model validation was based on level of models fitness to estimation data, mean squared error (MSE), final prediction error (FPE) and correlation test. The experimental result showed that the displacement of the actuator is inversely proportional to the frequency. The following consequences caused the time response criteria at 50 Hz achieved smallest overshoot and fastest response of rise time and settling time.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1506-1512
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Fractal Characteristic of Electrical Trees Grown in Silicone Rubber under Environmental Stress

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1628-1632
M. S. Mohd Fua’ad , M.H. Ahmad , Y. Z. Arief , N. A. Ahmad
One of the degradations of insulation is in the form of electrical treeing in which classified as a pre-breakdown phenomenon of electrical insulation. The electrical tree is commonly forming in the shape of tree-like or root-like which may have fractal structures. Due to this fractal structure, electrical treeing formation and patterns are analysed via fractal dimension and lacunarity to study the self-similarity patterns of electrical treeing. Many types of research have been conducted to study the fractal dimension and lacunarity of electrical treeing to fully understand the electrical tree mechanism and characteristics. However, fractal and lacunarity structures of
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1628-1632
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Comparative Study of Meta-heuristics Optimization Algorithm using Benchmark Function

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1643-1650
I. Ismail , A. Hanif Halim
Meta-heuristics optimization is becoming a popular tool for solving numerous problems in real-world application due to the ability to overcome many shortcomings in traditional optimization. Despite of the good performance, there is limitation in some algorithms that deteriorates by certain degree of problem type. Therefore it is necessary to compare the performance of these algorithms with certain problem type. This paper compares 7 meta-heuristics optimization with 11 benchmark functions that exhibits certain difficulties and can be assumed as a simulation relevant to the real-world problems. The tested benchmark function has different type of problem such as modality, separability, discontinuity and surface effects with steep-drop global optimum, bowl- and plateau-typed function. Some of the proposed function has the combination of these problems, which might increase the difficulty level of search towards global optimum. The performance comparison includes computation time and convergence of global optimum.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1643-1650
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Optimal Feature Selection Technique for Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient Feature Extraction in Classifying Infant Cry with Asphyxia

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp646-655
A. Zabidi , W. Mansor , Khuan Y. Lee
Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient is an efficient feature representation method for extracting human-audible audio signals. However, its representation of features is large and redundant. Therefore, feature selection is required to select the optimal subset of Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient features. The performance of two types of feature selection techniques; Orthogonal Least Squares and F-ratio for selecting Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient features of infant cry with asphyxia was examined. OLS selects the feature subset based on their contribution to the reduction of error, while F-Ratio selects them according to their discriminative abilities. The feature selection techniques were combined with Multilayer Perceptron to distinguish between asphyxiated infant cry and normal cry signals. The performance of the feature selection methods was examined by analysing the Multilayer Perceptron classification accuracy resulted from the combination of the feature selection techniques and Multilayer Perceptron. The results indicate that Orthogonal Least Squares is the most suitable feature selection method in classifying infant cry with asphyxia since it produces the highest classification accuracy.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 646-655
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Novel Image Mosaicking of UAV’s Imagery using Collinearity Condition

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1188-1196
Martinus Edwin Tjahjadi , Fourry Handoko , Silvester Sari Sai
This paper presents a preliminary result of ongoing research on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for cooperative mapping to support a large-scale urban city mapping, in Malang, Indonesia. A small UAV can carry an embedded camera which can continuously take pictures of landscapes. A convenient way of monitoring landscape changes might be through accessing a sequence of images. However, since the camera’s field of view is always smaller than human eye’s field of view, the need to combine aerial pictures into a single mosaic is eminent. Through mosaics, a more complete view of the scene can be accessed and analyzed. A semi-automated generation of mosaics is investigated using a photogrammetric approach, namely a perspective projection which is based on collinearity condition. This paper reviews the general projection model based on collinearity condition and uses that to determine a common projective plane from images. The overlapped points for each RGB channel are interpolated onto that of orthographic plane to generate mosaics. An initial attempt shows a promising result.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1188-1196
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Unified Quality Control Model for E-Learning Systems

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1355-1366
Khalid Hamed Allehaibi , Nasser Nammas Albaqami
Defining, measuring, and achieving quality of e-learning systems are not an easy task. Accordingly, one of the most essential goals for the higher educational institutes is how to reach a high and satisfied level of quality in their learning systems. Achieving such level needs adequate and continuous improvements for the whole e-learning environment elements. Therefore, we aim in our work to construct a unified framework for total quality management system (TQMS) that attempt to satisfy the quality requirements, needs, and standards. The objective of this paper is to present a quality control model for e-learning system that adopts the e-learning platform according to the on-line determination of both user's requirements and global standards. This paper proposed software architecture of quality Management framework for e-learning that could be adopted by different higher education institutes to control the quality of the e-learning process, and assure the quality of the e-learning process outcome. The proposed framework is based on a tri-dimensions quality model. The three dimensions are set of quality requirements for e-learning environment represented in Quality Assurance (QA) policies that will be formalized by using policy based approach, the specifications of e-learning platform that provide learning and teaching activities, and quality control process loop. The architecture for monitor and ensure quality control of the QA policies for e-learning system will deliver the whole learning services in an optimal way. It is also flexible and can be implemented over any e-learning system.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1355-1366
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Real Time Interactive Presentation Apparatus based on Depth Image Recognition

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1308-1315
Ahmad Hoirul Basori , Omar M. Barukab
The research on human computer interaction. Human already thinking to overcome the way of interaction towards natural interaction. Kinect is one of the tools that able to provide user with Natural User Interface (NUI). It has capability to track hand gesture and interpret their action according to the depth data stream. The human hand is tracked in point of cloud form and synchronized simultaneously.The method is started by collecting the depth image to be analyzed by random decision forest algorithm. The algorithm will choose set of thresholds and features split, then provide the information of body skeleton. In this project, hand gesture is divided into several actions such as: waiving to right or left toward head position then it will interpret as next or previous slide. The waiving is measured in degree value towards head as center point. Moreover, pushing action will trigger to open new pop up window of specific slide that contain more detailed information. The result of implementations is quite fascinating, user can control the PowerPoint and event able to design the presentation form in different ways. Furthermore, we also present a new way of presentation by presenting WPF form that connected to database for dynamic presentation tools
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1308-1315
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Characterization of Defect Induced Multilayer Graphene

10.11591/ijece.v7i3.pp1452-1458
Marriatyi Morsin , Suhaila Isaak , Marlia Morsin , Yusmeeraz Yusof
A study of oxygen plasma on multilayer graphene is done with different flow rates. This is to allow a controlled amount of defect fabricated on the graphene. Results from the study showed that the intensity ratio of defect between D peak and G peak was strongly depended on the amount of oxygen flow rate thus affected the 2D band of the spectra. The inter-defect distance LD ≥ 15 nm of each sample indicated that low-defect density was fabricated. The surface roughness of the multilayer graphene also increased and reduced the conductivity of the multilayer graphene.
Volume: 7
Issue: 3
Page: 1452-1458
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Proposal for Mitigating Fishermen Killing in Indian Sea Borders through Technology – Maritime Boundary Identification Device

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp704-710
Abhishek SN , Shriram K Vasudevan , Prashant R Nair , Thangavelu S , Sundaram RMD
The Tamil Nadu – Sri Lanka maritime boundary has been responsible for frequent controversies in the global front, due to fishermen from Rameshwaram and Ramanthapuram districts recklessly straying past Indian waters. Instances of Indian fishermen being captured and killed by the Sri Lankan navy have spun vivid images of violence and human rights violation among the masses. Social activists are desperate for an automatic alarm system to warn the fishermen when they are about to cross the border, and avert a possible impending crisis. The following discussion focuses on the design of an alarm signal system that could alert the fishermen on a periodic basis as they approach closer to the maritime boundary. Installing Global Positioning System (GPS) devices would pose several economic challenges. Instead of the conventional approach of using GPS devices to track location, a transmitter – receiver system exquisitely designed to send signals to the boat would be effective. This system helps in keeping a continuous track of the boats. It provides a reliable solution to alert fishermen before they could inadvertently exceed the boundary. 
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 704-710
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Image Processing of Panoramic Dental X-Ray for Identifying Proximal Caries

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.6856
Jufriadif; Universitas Putra Indonesia YPTK Padang Na'am , Johan; Gunadarma University Harlan , Sarifuddin; Gunadarma University Madenda , Eri Prasetyo; Gunadarma University Wibowo
This study aims to facilitate the identification of proximal caries in the Panoramic Dental X-Ray  image. Twenty-seven X-Ray images of proximal caries were elaborated. The images in digital form were processed using Matlab and Multiple Morphological Gradient. The process produced sharper images and clarifies the edges of the objects in the images. This makes the characteristics of the proximal caries and the caries severity can be identified precisely.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 702-708
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Performance Evaluation of Gauss-Markov Mobility Model in Hybrid LTE-VANET Networks

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5913
Doan; Telkom University Perdana , Rendy; Telkom University Munadi , Robby C.; Telkom University Manurung
Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) developed based on mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). VANET have different characteristics than MANET, on VANET mobile node (MN) moves faster, topology changes dynamically. The previous research shows that the model of mobility affects to the network performance. In this paper, the Gauss-Markov mobility model used to illustrate the motion of the MN, which illustrates changes of acceleration, speed, location, and direction at any time. This paper enriches the evaluation of the performance of Gauss-Markov mobility model on LTE-VANET hybrid network, by evaluating various network performance metrics, particularly, packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, and delay. This research evaluated the Gauss-Markov mobility model and performed with the number of nodes and randomness index (α) that varies by utilizing NS-3 software. The results show that there is a strong correlation between PDR, throughput, and delay with the addition number of MNs. Based on the simulation result, the hybrid LTE-VANET produce better delay compared to pure VANET. The average delay is smaller 40% compared to pure VANET. This simulation also concludes that different value of alpha on Gauss-Markov mobility model does not influence PDR, throughput, and delay.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 606-621
Publish at: 2017-06-01

A Customized Reconfiguration Controller with Remote Direct ICAP Access for Dynamically Reconfigurable Platform

10.12928/telkomnika.v15i2.5508
Tze Hon; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Tan , Chia Yee; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ooi , Muhammad Nadzir; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Marsono
As FPGA dynamic partial reconfiguration getting into mainstream, design of reconfiguration controller becomes an active research. Most of the existing reconfiguration controllers support only the loading of partial bitstream into configuration memory without allowing user to access ICAP directly, which can provide user higher controllability over the reconfigurable device. This paper presents the architecture of a customized reconfiguration controller with remote direct ICAP access. Remote direct ICAP access allows user to configure or readback device internal registers, which offer user higher controllability over the reconfigurable device. Additionally, the proposed reconfiguration controller achieved at least 3.19 Gbps of reconfiguration throughput, which reduces the platform service downtime during dynamic partial reconfiguration. In order to reduce the latency and transmission overhead of remote functional update, partial bitstream is compressed with run-length encoding before transmission.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 570-577
Publish at: 2017-06-01

Chaotic Mutation Immune Evolutionary Programming for Voltage Security with the Presence of DGPV

10.11591/ijeecs.v6.i3.pp721-729
Sharifah Azma Syed Mustaffa , Ismail Musirin , Mohd. Murthada Othman , Mohd. Helmi Mansor
Due to environmental concern and certain constraint on building a new power plant, renewable energy particularly distributed generation photovoltaic (DGPV) has becomes one of the promising sources to cater the increasing energy demand of the power system. Furthermore, with appropriate location and sizing, the integration of DGPV to the grid will enhance the voltage stability and reduce the system losses. Hence, this paper proposed a new algorithm for DGPV optimal location and sizing of a transmission system based on minimization of Fast Voltage Stability Index (FVSI) with considering the system constraints. Chaotic Mutation Immune Evolutionary Programming (CMIEP) is developed by integrating the piecewise linear chaotic map (PWLCM) in the mutation process in order to increase the convergence rate of the algorithm. The simulation was applied on the IEEE 30 bus system with a variation of loads on Bus 30. The simulation results are also compared with Evolutionary Programming (EP) and Chaotic Evolutionary Programming (CEP) and it is found that CMIEP performed better in most of the cases.
Volume: 6
Issue: 3
Page: 721-729
Publish at: 2017-06-01
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