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Blending traditional and digital methods: enhancing EFL speaking skills beyond LMS platforms

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32534
Naveed ur Rehman , Bibi Hajira , Syed Naeem Ahmed , Shafiq ur Rehman
The broad use of learning management system (LMS) in English as a foreign language (EFL) teaching indicates an increasingly urgent need for better methods to improve speaking skills. The research looks at the effectiveness of blended learning (BL) regarding fluency, pronunciation, and conversational improvement compared to the entire LMS approach within the learning process of EFL. It combines traditional face-to-face methods with digital tools to answer a significant need in language learning strategies. Therefore, the study compares the speaking proficiency of the two groups and investigates the impact of BL on motivation and engagement. The quasi-experimental design involved 100 intermediate EFL learners selected using purposive sampling from a Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) A1–B2 English program. Following 12 weeks, the BL outperformed the LMS-only group in the post-test, showing development in fluency from 3.5 to 4.8 and pronunciation from 3.0 to 4.5. The LMS-only group revealed moderate gains but less pronounced: fluency increased from 3.4 to 4.0, and pronunciation from 3.1 to 3.8. Moreover, motivation and engagement increased in BL. This means combining traditional approaches with digital ones creates a more dynamic and robust environment for learning, which raises participation and proficiency in speaking. Further research is needed to optimize these strategies across various educational settings.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4210-4221
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Exploring error patterns in English writing: a pathway to innovative multimodal instructional material

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33677
Joshua B. Tupas , Jr., Salvador P. Bacio
Considered as a crucial element that leads to better academic performance, Filipino learners always aim to master English language skills. Among various factors that affect the learning of English language skills, the availability of resources that cater to a diverse set of learners is important. Using semiotic or multimodal resources may help teachers assist students in enhancing their macro skills in the English language. This developmental research aimed to design, develop and evaluate a multimodal instructional material (IM) based on students identified common errors in writing. English major education students were selected as participants as they are important role-players in enhancing the future generation of learners in the English language. There were 39 freshman bachelor of secondary education (BSEd) English major students, three English teachers, two curriculum experts, and one information technology expert participated in the study. A panel of experts validated the instruments, which included the questionnaire to gauge the respondents’ writing skills, the adapted rubric for writing proficiency, and the adapted evaluation form for printed IM exclusively used by the university. Results of the study revealed that the respondents’ writing skills were poor. The evaluation conclusively showed that the IM was very acceptable for classroom use and teaching. It was recommended that the developed multimodal IM be used as a supplementary workbook to facilitate the need for primary English textbooks for the freshman BSEd English major students.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3367-3378
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Teaching competencies and entrepreneurial performance among the Hashemite University faculty members

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33166
Hytham M. Bany Issa , Zohair H. Al-Zoubi , Omar T. Bataineh , Hassan Mohammad Bani-Issa , Awad Faek Altarawneh
The study examines the application of teaching competencies among faculty members at Hashemite University and investigates their relationship with perceived entrepreneurial performance within a quality assurance framework. Using a descriptive-relational survey design, a sample of 340 faculty members was selected through stratified sampling during the first semester of the 2022/2023 academic year. Data were collected via a validated questionnaire measuring teaching competencies across five domains—personal, academic, administrative, cultural, and professional—and entrepreneurial performance. The findings indicated that both teaching competencies and entrepreneurial performance were at a moderate level. A positive and statistically significant relationship was identified across all competency dimensions and entrepreneurial performance, suggesting that enhanced competencies can positively impact entrepreneurial outcomes. Based on these results, the study recommends integrating teaching competency evaluations into university quality assurance policies and suggests combining intrinsic and extrinsic incentives to foster faculty productivity. These recommendations offer valuable insights for enhancing academic standards and fostering entrepreneurial skills among faculty in higher education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3557-3564
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The role of student leadership in academic achievement: a pathway to framework development

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34569
John Michael D. Aquino , Christian P. San Luis
Leadership is widely recognized in fostering personal development and academic achievement of every student. This study explores the relationship between leadership involvement and academic performance, identifying influencing factors, best practices, and a framework for development. Using a mixed-method approach with concurrent triangulation, 179 randomly selected undergraduate student leaders completed a validated survey analyzed through Spearman’s rank-order correlation, while 12 purposively selected participants underwent semi-structured interviews analyzed thematically. Findings show a strong positive correlation (rs=0.744, p<0.001) between leadership involvement and academic achievement. Leadership fosters skill development, personal growth, motivation, and support systems. Best practices include capacity-building programs, inclusivity, recognition, supportive structures, and collaboration. A structured framework was developed to systematically enhance and sustain student leadership’s role in academic excellence. Institutional application highlights the need for universities to integrate leadership development into academic programs through structured mentorship, faculty engagement, governance mechanisms, and policy support. Higher education institutions (HEIs) can optimize student leadership initiatives by providing resources, recognizing achievements, and fostering an inclusive environment that supports holistic growth. The findings have significant implications for higher education policies and practices, emphasizing that well-structured leadership programs cultivate future-ready individuals capable of excelling academically and beyond.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3675-3685
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Boosting algebra mastery through activity-based learning in an indigenous peoples education secondary school

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33969
Rolly Najial Apdo , Rachel Basañez Apdo
Algebra is a fundamental area of mathematics, yet many students, particularly indigenous learners, struggle with its concepts and procedures. This study examines the impact of activity-based learning on the conceptual understanding and procedural skills of junior high school students in an indigenous peoples education (IPEd) school. Using a mixed-methods approach, 105 indigenous students from grades 7 to 9 at Daan Taligaman Integrated Secondary School (DTISS), Philippines, participated. Pre-test and post-test scores were analyzed using a paired-samples t-test, while thematic analysis explored students’ learning experiences. The results revealed significant improvements in both conceptual understanding and procedural skills, with grade 7 scores increasing from 41.08% to 80.38% (conceptual) and 34.83% to 74.13% (procedural). A similar trend was apparent for the grades 8 and 9 students. Key themes identified were engagement and enjoyment, increased confidence, and improved understanding. The study highlights the effectiveness of interactive, culturally responsive learning strategies in enhancing algebra mastery among indigenous students and calls for their integration into mathematics education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4029-4039
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Proactive university students’ views on skills gained from a research colloquium

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32973
Ma del Carmen Nolasco-Salcedo , Kleophe Alfaro-Castellanos , Diego Ulises Carranza-Sahagun , José Ávila-Paz , Angelica Patricia Ávila-Paz
Research is a key component of higher education, promoting deep learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. The Academic Body of Engineering and Systems (InySis) organizes the colloquium of research initiation: proactive university students (CIIEUPA) each academic cycle (A and B) to foster research as a fundamental tool for students’ educational and professional development. This qualitative, descriptive study aimed to determine the skills acquired by students participating in CIIEUPA. The action-research methodology was employed, with participant observation used as the data collection technique. The sample consisted of second and third-semester students from the Software Engineering Competence Unit from the 2022A and 2022B cycles. The results revealed that participation in the colloquium enriched students with experiences that fostered teamwork, effective communication, critical thinking, and leadership. CIIEUPA, as an active collaborative learning methodology, allowed students to share their findings with the academic community, strengthening their commitment, and motivation toward research. Such initiatives contribute to learning and play a crucial role in the holistic development of students, promoting their growth in both academic and professional fields. This approach demonstrates the value of integrating research into the educational process, allowing students to engage meaningfully with their discipline while developing essential skills for their future careers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3928-3934
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Predicting student performance and identifying learning behaviors using decision trees and K-means clustering

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33815
Md. Mahadhi Hasan , Md Nakibul Islam , Md Ikramul Haque Nirjon , Md Sharif Uddin , Md. Muntasir Mamun , Zaheed Alam Munna , Al Mahmud Rumman
The insufficiency of a strong mechanism to measure student performance and learning behavior has been pointed out as a result of the expansion of higher education in Bangladesh. The objectives of the study are to predict students’ performance and recognize unique learning behaviors in the Bangladeshi higher education contexts by applying decision trees and K-means clustering methods. Validity and reliability of the results are ensured by following methods: 10-fold cross-validation for the decision tree model and Silhouette score assessment for the K-means clustering model, thus improving the predictive accuracy and differentiation of clusters. The study is based on a dataset of student records numbering 1,200, researching factors such as attendance (91.22%), exam results (mean 83.54%), completed assignments (mean 80.54%), and age (mean 23.47). Learning analytics theory is used since it is crucial to apply data to enhance the understanding and effectiveness of learning processes. The decision tree model showed excellent performance with high rates in precision, recall, and F1-scores, which were all at 0.99 for the evaluated performance measures, hence increasing its good predictive power. K-means clustering analysis grouped the students into three distinct groups: active learners, passive learners, and at-risk students. This research urges the adaptation of data mining methodologies within the framework of higher education and strongly emphasizes the important role that an early identification of at-risk students can play. This research is a contribution to the learning analytics area, and it further proves the applicability of data mining methods in predicting academic performance and improving education outcomes in developing contexts.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3872-3881
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Factor influencing of teachers’ readiness to implement the Independent Curriculum

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.29141
Fitra Delita , Tumiar Sidauruk , Alna Hanana , Mona Adria Wirda
The education curriculum in Indonesia is gradually changing from the 2013 Curriculum to the Independent “Merdeka” Curriculum. The new curriculum is certainly a challenge for teachers. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors that influence teacher’s readiness and to measure the level of teacher readiness in implementing the Independent Curriculum. This quantitative research was designed using a survey method. The participants involved were 172 teachers from elementary, middle, and high school education levels in Medan City, Indonesia. Data were collected using online questionnaires and interviews. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics using mean scores, factor analysis, and multiple linear regression t-test. The research results show the level of teachers’ readiness in implementing the Independent Curriculum based on gender, age, and years of teaching experience, both at elementary, middle, and high school levels with a mean interval of 6.00–6.99 (the initiation level). Subsequently, there are four dominant factors that influence teachers’ readiness to implement the Independent Curriculum, which are teacher, school, government policy, and student. The teacher factor contributed the most in determining teachers’ readiness to implement the Independent Curriculum (43.7%).
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 4173-4182
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Enhancing learning outcomes through course redesign using self-assessment and inquiry models

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32215
Fredy Martinez , César Hernández , Diego Giral
This study addresses the challenge of enhancing learning outcomes in propaedeutic education by redesigning an undergraduate deep learning course. To achieve this, the self-assessment and quality model (SQM) was combined with the community of inquiry (CoI) framework, which emphasizes cognitive, social, and teaching presence in online education. The redesigned course aligns with the guidelines of the Colombian Ministry of National Education and incorporates continuous feedback from students. Initial implementation led to improved student performance but revealed gaps in perceived learning experiences. Iterative adjustments were made to the course design based on CoI survey results, particularly focusing on increasing teacher involvement. The findings demonstrate that integrating SQM with a responsive, design-based approach can significantly improve learning outcomes and student satisfaction. This study highlights the importance of dynamic course design in higher education and offers a replicable model for other institutions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3838-3845
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The underlying physics concept of a soccer game as a catalyst for enhancing creative thinking skills

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.32682
Ida Sriyanti , Mardiah Afifa , Meilinda Meilinda , Anisya Sefina Puteri , Nyimas Aisyah , Wahyu Indra Bayu , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Ratu Ilma Indra Putri , Hapizah Hapizah
Teachers need to improve students’ creative thinking skills by incorporating relevant everyday contexts. Soccer, as a familiar part of daily life, has not been widely used in education, and its impact on creative thinking requires further study. This research aimed to develop a contextual physics e-module centered on soccer to enhance creative thinking in physics learning. The study followed Rowntree's development model, including planning, development, and evaluation, with Tessmer’s formative evaluation through expert reviews, one-on-one assessments, small-group evaluations, and field tests. The creative thinking indicators used in the research are fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. Data were collected from 346 high school students in Palembang via walkthroughs, questionnaires, and written tests, then analyzed using SPSS version 16. The results showed that the soccer-based physics e-module is valid (Sig. 0.00), practical (one-to-one: 82.75%; small group: 91.00%), and in the moderate category for improving creative thinking (N-gain: 0.59). These findings highlight the need to explore other everyday contexts and assess the long-term impact of the e-module across different educational settings.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3712-3726
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Job performance of human resource management graduates from the employers’ and graduates’ perspectives

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.31959
Dahlee Sadang-Pascua , Jennifer Montenegro-Villanueva
Graduates’ job performance reflects their academic orientation in pursuit of their degrees. Thus, academic institutions should prepare students to be competitive, match the needs of the industry, and become worthy of employment after graduation. This research determines the job performance of human resource management (HRM) graduates in terms of their job competencies, career skills, and team performance from the perception of the graduates and their employers. A quantitative research method with statistical tools such as frequency, percentage, weighted mean, and Mann-Whitney U Test was used. Findings revealed a significant difference in the respondents’ perception, specifically in conveying ideas, use of IT, values, quality work, communication skills, human relations, technical, research, leadership skills, and team performance. The result also shows that graduates perceived themselves as excellent performers, which is in contrast to their employers’ perceptions of them as good performers only regarding their job competencies, career skills, and team performance. The differences in perceptions of the performance of the graduates depicts a mismatch between the academe and the industry requirements that result in a recommendation of thorough review and revision of the HRM curriculum, the teaching methodology, and the strategy of the academic institutions to meet the needs of the industry.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3756-3764
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Building a sustainable future: perspectives on primary school sustainability projects from teachers and pre-service teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33362
Sena Ölçer-Çevik , Çiğdem Kozaner
Teachers play a critical role in implementing sustainable development education in the classroom and fostering sustainability awareness among students. The foundational knowledge and skills gained at the primary level help students develop sustainable practices and become environmentally conscious individuals. This study examines the experiences and perspectives of primary school teachers and pre-service teachers regarding sustainable development projects at the primary level, providing a qualitative, in-depth look at the feasibility and impact of sustainability education in classrooms. Insights were gathered from 52 participants (40 pre-service teachers with course experience in “sustainable development and education” and 12 primary teachers) using a phenomenological design. Findings show that pre-service teachers primarily used students’-based methods such as group work, brainstorming, and drama supported by mostly Web 2.0 tools and visuals, evaluating learning outcomes with pre and post-tests. However, they faced challenges in engaging students, accessing materials, and funding. Notably, sustainable development projects were found to enhance sustainability awareness in teachers and students while promoting global citizenship and critical thinking skills. These findings, consistent with literature, underscore the role of sustainable development education in fostering social awareness and competency development, offering strategic insights to improve its classroom implementation and the effectiveness of teachers’ contributions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3403-3417
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Does cognitive load moderate students’ learning engagement mechanism in blended learning?

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.34333
Chen Zidi , Nur Atiqah Jalaludin , Mohamad Sattar Rasul
With the popularity of technology-supported blended learning (BL) in vocational colleges, students’ cognitive load (CL) caused by the increasing complexity of BL environments potentially impact the overall learning satisfaction (LS). In order to explore the effects of CL on students’ BL, this study investigates how different dimensions of learning engagement (LE) (emotional, cognitive, and behavioral) impact on students’ LS and whether CL can moderate these relationships. This quantitative study was conducted among 615 Chinese vocational students. Survey research was carried out by questionnaires that have been well-established that were taken and modified from previous studies. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationships among these variables. Findings revealed that emotional, cognitive, and behavioral engagement (BE) can positively predict LS. Additionally, BE mediates the relationship between psychological engagement (emotional and cognitive) and LS when CL is not at a low level. CL moderates the pathways from psychological engagement to BE and in turn changes the LE influence mechanism on LS. This study provides valuable insights for educators to stimulate students’ engagement by satisfying their psychological needs, and optimize teaching design to balance CL in order to maintain active LE and satisfaction levels.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3904-3916
Publish at: 2025-10-01

The level of social skills among university students and its impact on their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33591
Esra’a Omar Abu-Alkeshek , Basma Mohammad Al-Hawamdeh , Haitham Mohammad Ali Zureigat
Positive social behavior is one of the most important characteristics of humans on this planet. Through these behaviors, the individual shows his sympathy for others and his desire to help them. Therefore, the current study aimed to know the level of social skills among university students and their impact on their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior. To achieve the study objectives, the descriptive analytical approach was used in its implementation. The scale of positive social behavior, psychological solidity, and adaptive behavior was applied to a random sample of 370 male and female students from private universities in Jordan. The study concluded that the level of positive social behavior among students reached 3.49, which is within the average level, and that female students enjoy a high level of social skills compared to university students. The results also indicated a statistically significant effect of the level of social skills on both psychological solidity and adaptive behavior among university students. Positive social behavior also works to provide support between individuals in cases that require support or in difficult situations, which increases their psychological solidity and adaptive behavior. This confirms the effective role of social behaviors in improving both the level of psychological solidity and adaptive behavior among university students.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3782-3789
Publish at: 2025-10-01

Examining the role of intelligence quotient in predicting senior secondary school students’ achievement in chemistry

10.11591/ijere.v14i5.33639
Hannah Ejovwokoghene Avwiri , Chiekem Enwefa , Onoshakpokaiye Ejakpomeghwe Odiri
The study examines the role of intelligence quotient (IQ) in predicting academic achievement in chemistry among senior secondary school students. The purpose of the study is to determine i) whether IQ predict chemistry achievement scores of senior secondary school students in chemistry and ii) the proportion of senior secondary school students’ chemistry achievement is attributable to the IQ areas of logical thinking, spatial intelligence, numerical, and verbal aptitude. The study’s research design was a correlation. The study was guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses. The study included 1,022 senior secondary school chemistry students as its population. A sample of 320 senior secondary school chemistry students was chosen using random sampling methods from 10 public schools. Three experts validated the intelligence quotient test (IQT), which was used as the data gathering tool. IQT’s dependability was determined to be 0.68 utilizing Kuder-Richardson formula 20 (KR-20). Both simple and multiple linear regressions were used to examine the collected data. Among other things, the study’s results showed that students’ IQ predicted 1.3% of the variation in their chemistry achievement. The results showed that the four components of IQ—numerical, aptitude, spatial, and logical—all significantly influence students’ achievement in chemistry. Additionally, students’ IQ substantially influenced their chemistry achievement ratings. Since chemistry achievement is heavily influenced by numerical, aptitude, spatial, and logical intelligence, students might benefit from specialized teaching strategies that support these domains. The addition of IQ test results as a requirement for enrollment in chemistry courses was suggested.
Volume: 14
Issue: 5
Page: 3469-3477
Publish at: 2025-10-01
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