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25,002 Article Results

Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna at 2GHZ on Different Dielectric Constant for Pervasive Wireless Communication

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5342
Md. Maruf Ahamed , Kishore Bhowmik , Md. Shahidulla , Md. Shihabul Islam , Md. Abdur Rahman
In this Paper presents the result for different dielectric constant values and the result is performed by thickness of 2.88mm and resonance frequency of 2GHz where 2.32 (Duroid) are gives the best result. In the recent years the development in communication systems requires the development of low cost, minimal weight, low profile antennas   that are capable of maintaining high performance over a wide spectrum of frequencies.  This technological trend has focused much effort into the design of a Microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna design on different dielectric constant and analyzed result of all dielectric constant between 1 to 10, when the proposed antenna designs on Duroid substrate with dielectric constant 2.32. At 2GHz the verify and tested result on MATLAB are Radiation Efficiency=91.99%, Directivity=5.4dBi, Directive gain=4.98dBi and Half Power Beam Width-H plane=99.6123 degrees.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.341
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 417-424
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Standardizing, Segmenting and Tenderizing Letters and Improving the Quality of Envelope Images to Extract Postal Addresses

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5336
Milad Shirmohammadi , Karim Faez , Hassan Khotanlou
In most mechanized postal systems, envelopes are scanned based on the postal standard using mechanical instruments. In the standard format, the image of envelopes lacks tilts, lines are along the horizontal axis and words are placed in a correct and non-oblique manner. In this article a new algorithm for rotating, segmentation and Tenderizing Letters for standardizing and increasing the quality of an envelope has been presented, which can be used in all text identification systems as three successful pre-processing algorithms. In the algorithm proposed, letters with any forms and tilts during scanning were rotated and standardized by applying a simple two-step algorithm based on what was written on the envelope without requiring the calculation of tilt angle. After standardization, the main regions of the image were specified using the histogram information. Then, in a simple algorithm, the candidate points from the pixels related to the text on the envelope were selected and quality improvement and tenderization were done on the main regions of the image. The advantaged of the proposed algorithm included No need for additional mechanical equipment, less calculation, simplicity and consideration of the structure of words on the envelope in all preprocessing phases.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.342
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 383-394
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Direct Power Control for AC/DC/ACConverters in Doubly Fed Induction Generators Based Wind Turbine

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5344
Abdelmalek Boulahia , Khalil NABTI , Hocine BENALLA
In this paper direct power control (DPC) strategy is applied to control a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind energy generation system. A three level NPC ac/dc/ac converter is controlled by direct power control method. The rotor side converter is controlled by a novelle switching table based a double active power hysteresis band method. The selects appropriates voltage vector based on the instantaneous errors between the reference and estimated values of active and reactive powers and rotor flux position. Also the grid side is controlled by direct power control based a grid voltage position to ensures a constant DC voltage, Simulation results on a demonstrate robust, precise, and fast dynamic behavior of system.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.284 
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 425-436
Publish at: 2012-04-30

SEPIC Converter based-Drive for Unipolar BLDC Motor

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5383
Raghu Thumu , S. Chandra Sekhar , J. Srinivas Rao
Front-end single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) and a switch in series with each phase is proposed for driving a permanent magnet brushless dc (BLDC) motor with unipolar currents. All the switches are ground-referenced, which simplifies their gate drives. The available input voltage can be boosted for better current regulation, which is an advantage for low voltage applications. The SEPIC converter is designed to operate in the discontinuous conduction mode for operation with an ac supply. In this operation mode, the line current follows the line voltage waveform to a certain extent. The reduction in low-order harmonics and improved power factor is achieved without the use of any voltage or current sensors. The simplicity and reduced parts count of the proposed topology make it an attractive low-cost choice for many variable speed drive applications. The proposed topology is simulated and verified by using MATLAB/SIMULINK.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.306
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 159-165
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Modeling of Power Generation using Municipal Solid Waste in India

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5388
Shrikant B Karajgi , Udaykumar R Yaragatti , Gopal D Kamalapur
Generation of Electrical Energy from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is acomplex process since the waste has to undergo various unit processes before it is put in to the process of energy production. The modeling of power generation from MSW, therefore has to include all these unit processes, waste flow paths etc. The modeling must also be capable of providing information on important issues like economical, environmental among many others. With the launching of new energy policy by Govt. of India, on liberalization of energy production, Independent power producers (IPP) are exploring Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) as a main source of energy in addition to other renewable sources like fuel cells, solar, wind etc. for production of energy at affordable rates. In this paper, a mathematical model of the power generation using MSW is examined, keeping in view, the composition of waste in India. Linear equations have been developed for the various waste flow paths and the mass balance equations are then solved for the main objective function of minimum cost.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.270
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 197-202
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Noise and Vibration Reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors –A Review

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5340
Lakshmikanth S , Natraj. K.R , Rekha. K.R
A detailed study of the mechanics of vibration and acoustic noise in permanent magnet synchronous motors due to electromagnetic origins. This paper reviews the various noise and vibrations reduction strategies from classical to state of art techniques. The recent research in development of wavelet controller, starting from brief review and the analytical analysis of acoustic noise and vibrations in Permanent magnet synchronous motor is presented. Application of wavelet transforms in the area of denoising and filtering is also explored.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.322
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 405-416
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Near Field Communication

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5334
Kevin Curran , Amanda Millar , Conor Mc Garvey
Near Field Communication (NFC) is a technology that enables a device to communicate with another at a maximum distance of around 20cm or less. Currently, mobile phone manufacturers, banking institutions and mobile network providers are attempting to apply this technology to Smartphones and other handheld devices because of the opportunity to enable the consumer to use commercial services more easily. This paper discusses the expected increase in mobile payments using Near Field Communication, possible uses and the risks associated with carrying out transactions over a wireless network. We also discuss a real world implementation of an NFC based loyalty card system for retail.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.234
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 371-382
Publish at: 2012-04-30

Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on Mammalian Cells

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5397
Md Kamal Hosain
The characteristics of mammalian cells can be influenced by electromagnetic fields (EMFs). The electromagnetic fields have a number of physiological effects on cells and tissues such as alteration of gene expression, cells viability, proliferation, apoptosis, number of mammospheres, cells cycle phase, and invasion. The existing literature proves that the impact of EMFs on mammalian cells depends on the density and uniformity of the field, frequency range, exposure time, cell types, culture environment, and culcuremedium. This paper presents a review of the impacts of EMFs on mammalian cells in vitro culture. In this article, we reviewed the contemporary understanding of the various form of electromagnetic radiation effect on cultured mammalian cells in vitro, EMF exposing systems, and internal field mechanism in the cells.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.269
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Page: 267-276
Publish at: 2012-04-19

A Study on the Suitability of Genetic Algorithm for Adaptive Channel Equalization

https://ijece.iaescore.com/index.php/IJECE/article/view/5315
Jafar Mohammed
Adaptive algorithms such as Least-Mean-Square (LMS) based channel equalizer aim to minimize the Intersymbol Interference (ISI) present in the transmission channel. However the adaptive algorithms suffer from long training time and undesirable local minima during training mode. These disadvantages of the adaptive algorithms for channel equalization have been discussed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new adaptive channel equalizer using Genetic Algorithm (GA) which is essentially a derivative free optimization tool. This algorithm is suitably used to update the weights of the equalizer. The performance of the proposed channel equalizer is evaluated in terms of mean square error (MSE) and convergence rate and is compared with its LMS and RLS counter parts. It is observed that the new adaptive equalizer based GA offer improved performance so far as the accuracy of reception is concerned.DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.312
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Page: 285-292
Publish at: 2012-04-19

Channel Measurements and Modelling for Indoor Power Line Communications

https://ijeecs.iaescore.com/index.php/IJEECS/article/view/2176
Zhang Peiling , Zhang Hongxin
In order to obtain power line communications channel transmission characteristics, impulse responses measurements were performed on the basis of PN sequence’s excellent periodic autocorrelation properties. Meanwhile, a compensation method in frequency domain was proposed to improve the measurement precision. Then, the empirical multipath channel model of power line is presented from the measured results. The simulation and experimental measurement results not only have verified the efficiency of the proposed model, but also showed that the measurement method has fast, simple and convenient characteristic. Finally, the statistical characteristics of path amplitude and the delay spread are obtained through the analysis of measured results. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/telkomnika.v11i4.2366
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Page: 1940-1947
Publish at: 2012-04-01

Techno-economical Unit Commitment Using Harmony Search Optimization Approach

10.11591/ijape.v1.i1.pp21-28
Mohammad Sadegh Javadi
In this paper, Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) model is proposed in a restructured power system. This model consists of a closed-loop modified Unit Commitment (UC) and Security-constrained Optimal Power Flow (SCOPF). The objective of this SCUC model is to obtain the maximum social welfare-based system operating cost while maintaining the system security. In conventional power systems, the demand was forecasted before market operation and determined as a fixed constant. Supplying this demand was therefore considered as a constraint. However, in restructured power system which is based on Standard Market Design (SMD), DISCOs offer the demand and their proposed prices; therefore the demand is modeled as an elastic load. Independent System Operator (ISO) is responsible for operating the power market. The ISO performed the power market using the SCUC software to obtain feasible and economical operation as much as possible. In this paper, Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA) has been implemented to solve SCUC problem. Since the SCUC problem is a non-linear, mixed integer, large scale and non-convex problem, harmony search optimization is addressed as an efficient technique to overcome the aforementioned challenges. The simulation results show that the presented method is both satisfactory and consistent with expectation.
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Page: 21-28
Publish at: 2012-04-01

Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected Mode

10.11591/ijape.v1.i1.pp29-36
Krishnan Manickavasagam
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method.  The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Page: 29-36
Publish at: 2012-04-01

Reduced Dielectric Losses for Underground Cable Distribution Systems

10.11591/ijape.v1.i1.pp37-46
Hamzah Eteruddin
This paper describes the process to reduce dielectric losses for underground cable distribution system. As already known, that system is an alternative solution to energy distribution systems in urban areas. Influence of large capacitance is a separate issue that needs to be resolved. Large capacitance effect on Express Feeder of 10 miles long has resulted in power losses more than 100 MW per month. In the no-load condition, current dispatch has recorded 10 Amperes, and has increased the voltage at receiving end by 200-500 Volts, with leading power factors. Installation of the inductor to reduce cable loss dielectrics is done by changing the power factor (pf) to 0.85 lagging. After installation of the inductor, which is 5 mH/700 kVAR, dielectric losses is reduced to 3.57%, which is from 105,983 kW to 102,195 kWh per month. The capacitive leakage current has also been reduced from 249.61 Ampere to 245.17 Ampere.
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Page: 37-46
Publish at: 2012-04-01

Improving Control Performance in DC Micro-Grids with Distributed Generations

10.11591/ijape.v1.i1.pp1-12
Weilin Li , Huimin Li , Min Luo , Yunfei Zhang
DC micro-grids are attracting more and more attention due to their capability to lead to more efficient integration of distributed generation compared with traditional AC micro-grids. In this paper, a hierarchical control architecture is proposed to improve the control performance of DC micro-grid with distributed generations (DGs), which utilize a global controller (GC) to optimize the overall process and a number of distributed local controllers (LCs) associated with each subsystem. The measurement reliability of each LC is guaranteed by an associated measurement validation module which is developed based on Polynomial Chaos Theory (PCT). The system efficiency and robust is counted in the design of GC, where synergetic control theory is adopted. Numerical simulations have been done to verify the proposed method, and the simulation results show good consistency with theoretical analysis.
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Page: 1-12
Publish at: 2012-04-01

Security Constraint Unit Commitment Considering Line and Unit Contingencies-particle Swarm Optimization

10.11591/ijape.v1.i1.pp13-20
Mohammad Sadegh Javadi
This paper presents a new approach for considering all possible contingencies in short-term power system operation. Based on this new approach, both generator and transmission line outages would be modeled in network-based power system analysis. Multi generator and also parallel transmission lines is modeled in this methodology. We also investigate this claim that feasibility and applicability of this approach is much more than the previous analytical methodologies. Security Constrained Unit commitment (SCUC) program which is carried out by Independent System Operator (ISO), is one of the complex problems which would be handled by this approach. In this paper, a DC-Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) methodology has been implemented by particle swarm optimization technique. The Lagrangian Relaxation technique is based on the derivatives and the PSO is a non- derivative technique. These approaches are effective tools which can be implemented for short-term and long-term power system analysis, especially for economic analysis of restructured power systems. The DCOPF methodology has been considered for LMP calculation in LR, which is not available in PSO techniques. In the other hand, PSO technique may be able to provide the optimal solution, where LR usually getting stuck at a local optimum in a large scale power system. The simulation results show that the presented methods are both satisfactory and consistent with expectation. 
Volume: 1
Issue: 1
Page: 13-20
Publish at: 2012-04-01
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