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28,188 Article Results

Depression, social support and management preferences among Ghanaian post-stroke patients: a case study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25490
Lily Yarney , Joseph Nii Otinkorang , Herman Nuake Kofi Agboh
Post-stroke depression (PSD) significantly impacts the lives of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) survivors, yet tailored support systems and management preferences remain under-researched, particularly in specific healthcare settings. This study assessed the experience of depressive symptoms among CVA survivors, the support systems available to them, and their preferred management methods at the Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal Assembly (LEKMA) Hospital in Ghana. Utilizing the descriptive case study design, 50 CVA patients were surveyed using a self-structured questionnaire and the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised (CESD R-20). Data were analyzed with Microsoft Excel and STATA version 17. Chi-square test of association was used to measure the severity of depression and specific demographic groups. Results indicated a high prevalence of depression (86%), with 10% experiencing moderate and 76% severe depression. Marital status significantly correlated with post-stroke depression (PSD) severity. Primary support sources included spouses/partners and children, providing various forms of support such as physical assistance, emotional well-being, and financial aid. Preferred management options were pharmacology and psychotherapy, driven by the desire for quick symptom relief and concerns over medication side effects and costs. These findings highlight the critical need for enhanced support systems and responsive management strategies to include depression for CVA survivors.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1552-1560
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Stunting among toddlers in poor Indonesian households

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25738
Sarni Rante Allo Bela , Mona Safitri Fatiah , Yane Tambing , Agung Dwi Laksono , Ratna Dwi Wulandari , Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani , Taufiq Hidayat
Poverty has a significant impact on stunting in children under the age of five from low-income families, accounting for around 18.4% of stunting cases in Indonesia. The goal of this study was to look into the factors that may contribute to the prevalence of stunting among children under the age of five from low-income families in Indonesia. The study used a cross-sectional design and data from the 2022 Indonesian National Nutrition Status Survey to evaluate approximately 112,574 children. The data was analyzed at the multivariate level in binary logistics using SPSS 26 software. The data revealed that around 24.8% of disadvantaged households in Indonesia experienced stunting, with a variety of variables impacting its frequency. These included residence variables (AOR:1.08 and 95% CI:1.08-1.09), maternal age (AOR: 1.28 with 95% CI: 1.21-1.25), education level (AOR: 1.02 and 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), marital status (AOR:1.02 with 95% CI: 1.01-1.03), Antenatal Care (ANC) (AOR:1.45 with 95% CI: 1.44-1.47), age of the child (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.31), and the sex of the infant (AOR:3.29 with 95% CI: 3.27-3.21). Seven characteristics have been identified as predictors of stunting in children under the age of five in disadvantaged Indonesian homes. Expanding targeted programs for low-income families is critical for increasing their income through comprehensive entrepreneurship training and social assistance activities.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1441-1451
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factor associated with physical activity level among secondary boarding school students in Selangor, Malaysia

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25782
Ahmad ‘Afifu’d-din Hisamuddin , Hazizi Abu Saad
This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with physical activity among secondary boarding school students. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire that captured socio-demographic information, physical activity levels, sedentary behavior, social support (from family and peers), and psychological factors (depression, anxiety, and stress). Anthropometric measurements, including height and weight, were obtained using a SECA217 stadiometer and a Tanita weighing scale, with body mass index (BMI)-for-age subsequently calculated. A total of 181 participants were included in the study. The results indicated that the majority of students met the recommended physical activity guidelines. Approximately two-thirds of participants were classified as having a normal BMI, while the majority exhibited high levels of sedentary behavior. Regarding social support, only one-fifth of students reported receiving adequate family support, while half of the students reported adequate peer support. Psychological assessments revealed that one-third of participants exhibited normal depressive symptoms, whereas nearly half exhibited symptoms of anxiety and stress. Significant associations were identified between physical activity levels and several factors, including age, gender, family support, peer support, and stress. In conclusion, while most secondary boarding school students in this study met the recommended daily amount of physical activity, high levels of sedentary behavior and varying levels of social support and psychological distress highlight areas that warrant further intervention.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1428-1435
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Philippine traditional herbal remedies for hypertension

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25625
Meliza Parba , Cesar G. Demayo
Certain areas of the Philippines continue to rely on traditional non-pharmacological approaches, such as herbal medicine, for hypertension treatment, a significant public health problem globally. Therefore, a systematic review of plants used in the Philippines to treat hypertension, based on the PRISMA flow diagram, was carried out. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Following the eligibility screening, 36 ethnobotanical studies were included. The majority of the studies included in this review came from Region XIII (CARAGA), Region VI (Western Visayas), and Region X (Northern Mindanao). The most prevalent plant family and species were Poaceae (12 species) and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (16 citations), respectively. Leaves were the most common plant parts utilized while decoction was the most frequently mentioned mode of preparation. Oral administration was the most widely used form of administration. This review highlights medicinal plants with potential antihypertensive properties. It underscores the need to conduct a systematic review of their pharmacological properties to determine which have been scientifically validated and are most effective against hypertension.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1585-1594
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Parenting styles, psychological need and game genre in internet gaming disorder

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26134
Shimil P. V. , Palak Kanwar
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing concern among adolescents. This study examines the impact of different parenting styles on IGD, focusing on the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional correlational design with mediation analysis, this research investigates indirect effects to understand how parenting styles influence IGD. The study involved 300 participants and analyzed three main parenting styles: authoritative (firm but supportive), authoritarian (strict and controlling), and permissive (lenient). Findings indicate that authoritative parenting reduces IGD by supporting the fulfillment of basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and connection, as outlined in self-determination theory (SDT). Conversely, authoritarian parenting is associated with higher IGD, as it restricts these psychological needs in real life, leading adolescents to seek fulfillment through excessive gaming, particularly in genres like battle royale. permissive parenting did not show a significant effect on IGD. Additionally, the study revealed that boys are more likely than girls to exhibit higher IGD and find greater psychological need satisfaction in gaming. These results highlight the importance of parenting styles and psychological needs in understanding IGD among adolescents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1524-1531
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Chronic strains, self-efficacy, and mental health: a cross-sectional study among university students in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26125
Rashed Hossain , Rasheda Irshad Nasir
Chronic strains, arise from daily activities, can affect mental healthcare of individuals across various professions, including students. However, how chronic strains affect mental health of students is poorly understood so far for students. We aim to identify the most prevalent chronic strains and examine the effects of chronic strains on mental health conditions adjusted for socio-demographic variables. A total of 393 students were included in the study. They were interviewed through a structured questionnaire between April 6 and May 28, 2023. The outcome variable considered were mental health measured through 14-item questions. The prime explanatory variable was chronic strains. Multivariable linear regressions were used to the relationships of chronic strains, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic characteristics with mental health conditions. We found that 16.7% of participants reported low levels of chronic strains, 66.4% reported moderate levels and 18.3% reported high levels. ‘Tension for future career’ emerged as the most significant source of stress that led chronic strains. Chronic strains and self-efficacy were found to be significant determinants of different mental health conditions. These findings suggest that institutions should focus on improving students’ psychological well-being to mitigate the impact of chronic strains.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1459-1467
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Relationship between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25572
Hamza Elbaylek , Soumia Ammor
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem worldwide, and also in Morocco, with 7.9% of new cancer cases. Dietary factors have been linked to CRC risk; however, several modifiable risk factors have not been studied in Morocco. This study aimed to explore the association between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women. A case-control study was conducted at CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech, involving 165 cases and 165 controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. For general characteristics, we used the Chi-square test for categorical variables and student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables to select confounding factors, we ran logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Findings from our study show an increased risk of CRC for rotating shift workers ORb:1.74 (95% CI:1.05-2.91) (p-value = 0.01). When stratified by tumor location, night shift work was correlated with an increased risk of rectal cancer, while stratified by age, rotating shift work was also correlated with an increased risk of CRC among those aged 45 to 65 years ORb: 2.18 (95% CI:1.03-4.79) (p-value = 0.048). Findings from this study may be helpful for future research in Morocco and North African countries.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1109-1118
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Enhancement of power quality of grid integrated photo voltaic system using active power filter

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp2017-2029
Praveen Kamat , Anant Naik
The world's population's energy needs are growing daily, while at the same time, fossil fuels are being reduced at an alarming rate. Fossil fuel burning also increases pollution and causes global warming. Renewable energies are now being extensively used to generate electricity, so the dependence on fossil fuels is considerably reduced. Among the primary sources of alternative energy used to create power is photovoltaic (PV) technology. A grid connected PV system is the most widely recommended. When PV is linked to the grid, two main issues are the maximum power that can be taken out of it and the quality of the electricity placed into it. With the help of neural networks, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technology has been developed to increase the PV array's power harvesting. An active power filter (APF) had been created and analyzed using Instantaneous Reactive Power Theory, including the Chebyshev II low-pass filter. As required by IEEE 519, the total harmonic distortion (THD) with injected source current has been confirmed well within 5%. These results demonstrate that this method is a simple and efficient way to inject harmonic-free currents into the grid.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 2017-2029
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An analytical technique for failure analysis and reliability assessment of grid daily outage performance in distributed power system

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1852-1864
Jacob Kehinde Ogunjuyigbe , Evans Chinemezu Ashigwuike , Kafayat Adeyemi , Ngang Bassey Ngang , Timothy Oluwaseun Araoye , Isaac Ojochogwu Onuh , Benson Stephen Adole , Solomon Bala Okoh , Iboi Endurance
This paper modeled and analyzed the reliability performance of the 132/33 kV substation in Abuja, Nigeria through the historical data collected from the APO substation using MATLAB 2021b. The probability distribution model was applied to determine the daily feeder’s outage using Reliability, availability, mean time to repair (MTR), Failure rate, distribution indices, and mean time between failures (MTBF). Due to the application of smart energy meters, the use of prepaid energy meters has helped to regulate energy demand, reduce network overloading especially during peak hours, and minimize the cost of energy consumed. There are more forced failures in the distribution system due to the switchgear and Transformer failures. There are more forced failures in the distribution system since 2013, which caused a reduction in the number of interruptions even with an increase in several customers linked to the transmission network. The result shows that the system was most available in the year 2015 with an average service availability index (ASAI) value of 98.9971%. The system was least available in year 2011 with an ASAI value of 98.6558%. The paper recommended that there should be interconnections between different feeders through proper configuration of switches or reclosers, to reduce failure occurrence in the network.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1852-1864
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp533-540
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Suherman Suherman , Budiyono Budiyono , Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Rice husk is a biomass that can potentially be converted into biogas energy. In this research, a study was carried out regarding the effect of alkaline pretreatment and then a study related to the potential for developing biogas from rice husks in Indonesia and a study related to the potential utilization of biogas by-products in the form of slurry as solid organic fertilizer. So, the main objective is to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment of rice husks on the potential development of rice husks as raw material for biogas production on a full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD). Research related to the effect of alkaline pretreatment using 3% NaOH by immersion in the substrate for 24 hours was carried out on a lab scale. The variable TS is set at 27%, C/N ratio is 35, uses a 2-liter digester, and measurements are carried out every other day for 60 days. Furthermore, the up-scale was carried out with an AD fixed dome model with a volume of 6 m3. In this study, it was found that pre-treatment with 3% NaOH increased biogas productivity by 1.6 times higher. The potential for rice husk to be converted into biogas energy can reach 3.5 million liters of biogas by 2022. The by-product of biogas in the form of slurry also has the potential to be used as solid organic fertilizer directly. Parameter tests that have been carried out show that the slurry in biogas from rice husks that have gone through a 60-day AD fermentation process complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 533-540
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An Internet of Things based mobile-controlled robot with emergency parking system

10.11591/ijra.v14i3.pp370-380
Abdul Kareem , Varuna Kumara , Vishwanath Madhava Shervegar , Karthik S. Shetty , Manvith Devadig , Mahammad Shamma , Kiran Maheshappa
This paper presents an Internet of Things (IoT) based mobile-controlled car with an emergency parking system that integrates advanced functionalities to enhance safety and user convenience, utilizing the ESP32 microcontroller as its core. The system allows users to control the car remotely via a mobile application, leveraging Wi-Fi connectivity for seamless communication. Key features include LED indicators for various operations such as reversing, left and right turns, and brake activation, ensuring clear signaling in real-time. The innovative emergency parking system detects obstacles or emergencies using sensors and halts the vehicle automatically, reducing the risk of accidents. The car's lightweight, energy-efficient design, combined with the versatility of the ESP32, ensures a responsive and reliable operation. Additionally, the system provides an intuitive user interface through the mobile app, enabling precise control and real-time feedback. The proposed system is faster in response compared to the existing systems. Moreover, the proposed system consumes less energy, and hence, it uses the battery more efficiently, extending the time of operation. Lower power consumption ensures longer operation time, reducing the need for frequent charging and making the system more practical. This paper demonstrates the integration of IoT and embedded systems to create a smart vehicle solution suitable for various applications, including robotics, automation, and personal transport. Its cost-effectiveness and scalability make it a viable choice for both hobbyists and developers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 370-380
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Morocco: diagnosis, treatment, quality of life, and associated factors

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26185
Youssef El Bahi , Soukaina Loulidi , Mohamed Loukid , Samia Rkha
Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge worldwide, despite significant advances in treatment and prevention. In Morocco, 30,000 cases of tuberculosis are recorded each year. In the Marrakech-Safi region, the incidence reaches 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment, and to measure the impact of tuberculosis on patients' quality of life. A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample of 480 tuberculosis patients. The results showed that low education levels (53.86%) and high unemployment (40.8%) were prevalent. More than 51% of patients do not have health insurance. High housing density was correlated with increased prevalence, and diabetes was frequent (40.19%). 27.50% used medicinal plants, and 13.11% interrupted medication due to long treatment duration. Males were more symptom-free (p<0.000). Males had more severe symptoms than females such as sputum (163 vs. 58 cases), weight loss (224 vs. 131 cases), cough (184 vs. 86 cases), and hemoptysis (70 vs. 27 cases). Urban residents showed significant differences in tuberculosis types (p = 0.034). Occupation and prior treatment influenced tuberculosis distribution and extrapulmonary tuberculosis prevalence (p = 0.000). 21.46% were permanently affected in their social life. Higher education level and non-smoking was linked to better health (p = 0.016; p = 0.002). These results contribute to a better management of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies adapted to tuberculosis patients by strengthen health education and promote rapid access to specialist care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1160-1170
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Satisfaction with health services received by patients in regional hospitals using SERVQUAL

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25961
Aniharyati Aniharyati , Abdul Haris , Sulaiman Lalu , Saimi Saimi , Menap Menap , Sastrawan Sastrawan
The concept of patient satisfaction, which has historically been overlooked and undervalued, is gaining importance. We aimed to investigate patient satisfaction with health services at the hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024. The study was conducted at Bima City Regional Hospital, NTB, Indonesia. The sample obtained was 437. The level of satisfaction was measured using 19 questions. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used in this study. The highest opportunity for reliability and responsiveness was found in patients aged 20–29 with OR and CI values of 1.97 (1.65–2.98) and 1.76 (1.03–2.09), respectively. For the tangibles dimension, the highest opportunity was in the age of 40-49 with OR and CI values of 1.98 (2.03–4.37). The highest OR (CI) values for each employed status namely 0.96 (0.77–1.21), 0.89 (0.67–1.18), 0.76 (0.41–1.40), 0.79 (0.51–1.70), and 0.92 (0.72–1.23). Meanwhile, at the level of education, respondents with university education had the highest opportunity value in all dimensions, with OR and Ci values of 0.84 (0.58–1.34), 1.42 (0.78–2.51), 0.51 (0.19–1.56), 0.59 (0.22–1.67), 1.45 (0.82–2.87). In conclusion, patient satisfaction with health services was influenced by age, employment status, and provider friendliness.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1404-1411
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Sexual health and well-being during antenatal care: addressing global gaps in healthcare provision

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25983
Kabiru Abubakar Gulma , Abubakar Isa Musa
This paper highlights the importance of addressing sexual health and well-being in antenatal care, which goes beyond the absence of reproductive disease to include physical, mental, and social aspects. Central to sexual health is the quality of the relationship between expectant parents, which can influence the future well-being of both the parents and their child. Despite this, current antenatal care often fails to address sexual health due to healthcare providers' lack of training and fears of offending patients when discussing intimate issues. The paper suggests that antenatal care might be viewed as an inadequate environment to handle such sensitive matters—due to time constraints and perceived intrusiveness, it could be an optimal time for discussions, as parents-to-be are particularly attuned to relationship health during pregnancy. The paper also focuses on adolescent mothers as a globally neglected group in terms of sexual health support during pregnancy, despite the significant role they play in ensuring intergenerational well-being. The broader healthcare system, however, continues to treat sexual health and well-being as taboo subjects, leaving a gap in global antenatal services. As research underscores the importance of a strong parental relationship for the socio-emotional development of the child, the paper advocates for integrating sexual health into antenatal care to enhance both parental well-being and child development. However, this area remains underexplored in many parts of the world due to cultural sensitivities and limited healthcare infrastructure.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1357-1366
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Gender disparities in knowledge of urban adolescents dating violence: differential item function analysis in rasch model

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25938
Suci Musvita Ayu , Liena Sofiana , Yuniar Wardani , Erni Gustina , Moh. Irma Sukarelawan
Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a global public health problem that has a serious impact on adolescents' physical, psychological, and social development. This study aimed to explore gender disparities in Indonesian adolescents' knowledge of dating violence using the Rasch Model and Differential Item Function Analysis. A total of 250 junior high school students in Yogyakarta, consisting of 107 males and 143 females, participated. The ADV knowledge measurement instrument consisted of 16 previously tested items for validity and reliability. Results showed that female students had a higher level of knowledge than male students, especially in identifying emotional and physical violence. Differential item function (DIF) analysis revealed that two items showed differences in perception based on gender, with female students focusing more on physical violence. In contrast, male students tended to view physical violence as a more common behaviour. This study highlights the importance of more inclusive and gender-sensitive educational programs to increase adolescents' knowledge of different forms of dating violence. The findings provide important insights for the development of interventions that can help prevent dating violence among adolescents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1338-1346
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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