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30,609 Article Results

Stability analysis of photovoltaic grid-connected power systems employing virtual synchronous generator control

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1451-1461
Abdallah El Ghaly , Abdullah Hamdan , Mohamad Tarnini
The rapid integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems into power networks poses significant challenges to grid stability, including reduced inertia, voltage fluctuations, and limited fault ride-through (FRT) capabilities. This study presents a comparative analysis of two inverter control strategies: the synchronous reference frame (SRF) controller and the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) controller. A high-fidelity MATLAB/Simulink model was developed, incorporating the effects of irradiance and temperature, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and battery energy storage system (BESS) interaction. Standardized fault scenarios were applied at PV penetration levels ranging from 30% to 150% in accordance with IEEE-1547, IEEE-519, and IEC 61727 requirements. The results show that SRF control achieves superior harmonic suppression, with a total harmonic distortion (THD) consistently below 0.5%, confirming its suitability for strong grids prioritizing power quality. However, its stability deteriorated at higher penetration levels, with the voltage overshoot reaching approximately 16% and recovery times exceeding 3 s. In contrast, the VSG control demonstrates enhanced transient stability and effective FRT performance, with the overshoot limited to ≤5% and recovery achieved within 0.8 s across all operating conditions. The main contribution of this study lies in the direct benchmarking of the SRF and VSG control strategies under identical operating conditions using a unified evaluation framework, including an extended analysis beyond 100% PV penetration. The findings highlight a fundamental trade-off between harmonic performance and transient stability and provide practical guidance for selecting appropriate inverter control strategies for renewable-dominated power systems.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1451-1461
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Neuro-evolutionary genetic algorithm for global MPPT under partial shading conditions: a comparative analysis with PSO

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1499-1509
Benlaria Ismail , Laidi Abdallah , Fenniche Ayoub , Belhadj Mohammed
Maximizing power extraction from photovoltaic (PV) systems is crucial for their overall efficiency. However, under partial shading conditions (PSCs), the power-voltage curve shows several points of maximum power. This phenomenon often leads to traditional maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms getting stuck at suboptimal local peaks, resulting in substantial energy losses. To solve this, we introduce a novel neuro-evolutionary genetic algorithm (NEGA) for global MPPT. This hybrid algorithm integrates a neural network to intelligently guide the evolutionary search process, improving its GMPP tracking. The performance of the NEGA controller is rigorously compared against the widely used particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm via MATLAB/Simulink simulations across various irradiance scenarios. Results under severe PSCs demonstrate NEGA's superior tracking efficiency of 98.69%, far exceeding PSO's 76.02%. Moreover, NEGA achieves a faster convergence time of 0.1 s under dynamic irradiance, compared to 0.6s for PSO. The study concludes that NEGA is a robust and highly efficient solution for global MPPT, ensuring maximum power harvesting from PV systems under challenging operating conditions.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1499-1509
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Innovative frequency and voltage controller for AC microgrid

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1486-1498
Xuan Hoa Thi Pham , Hai Van Tran
This paper designs a power controller for power converters using fuzzy logic. The proposed controller will automatically adjust the frequency and voltage when the load changes to improve the power quality of the microgrid. Besides, the controller can realize accurate power sharing among the power converters in the microgrid, thereby suppressing the circulating current between the inverters. Furthermore, to ensure the control system operates stably and accurately during voltage and frequency adjustments, this paper employs a sliding-mode controller rather than a conventional proportional-integral controller. The proposed control method has a voltage deviation from the rated value when the load changes in the range of 1.5 Volts to 2.7 volts, and a frequency deviation from the rated value when the load changes in the range of 0.2 to 0.4 Hz. The accuracy of reactive power division is 100%. The proposed controller is simulated using MATLAB/ Simulink software, and the results obtained from the simulation have verified the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1486-1498
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Real-time implementation and comparative analysis of fault-tolerant control strategies for induction motor drives

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp894-907
Asmaa Hammou , Mokhtar Bendjebbar , Mohammed Benslimane
For nearly five decades, the induction motor has been the most widely used electrical machine in industry due to its robustness, simplicity, and low cost, supported by advances in power electronics enabling effective performance control. While DC motors were previously favored for their ease of speed and torque regulation, induction motors have gained prominence because they do not require brushes and involve fewer wear-prone components, resulting in reduced maintenance and improved reliability. Consequently, they are widely employed in industrial applications and emerging fields such as electric and hybrid vehicles. This study presents a comparative analysis of two fault-tolerant control (FTC) strategies: field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The evaluation focuses on sensitivity to parameter variations, dynamic performance, and steady-state behavior. Both strategies, classified under vector control techniques, are implemented in real time using a dSPACE platform to control an induction motor under an open-circuit fault in a two-level inverter. Results demonstrate that the DTC-based FTC approach offers superior robustness and stability compared to the IFOC-based method, particularly under fault conditions, load disturbances, and speed variations.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 894-907
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Integration of wind energy with a single-ended primary inductor converter and a brushless DC motor for water pumping system

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1096-1104
Hassan Abdi Abi , Abdullahi Mohamed Isak , Suleiman Abdullahi Ali , Yakub Hussein Mohamed , Sowdo Mursal Abdi , Abdirisakh Khalif Osman
This paper explores a simulation-based study on a renewable energy system that integrates wind energy with a single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) to drive a brushless DC (BLDC) motor for water pumping applications. The proposed system addresses the challenge of regulating the variable output of wind turbines by employing a SEPIC converter to provide a stable direct current (DC) voltage supply to the BLDC motor. The novelty of this work lies in the combined modeling and performance analysis of the wind turbine, SEPIC converter, BLDC motor, and electronic commutation in MATLAB/Simulink, optimized for energy-efficient off-grid pumping. Simulation results demonstrate that the SEPIC converter effectively stabilizes the wind-generated voltage, ensuring reliable motor operation under varying wind conditions. The proposed system exhibits high efficiency, stable dynamic response, and low maintenance requirements, making it a practical solution for water pumping in wind-rich regions where solar irradiance is limited, particularly for off-grid water pumping applications.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1096-1104
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Comprehensive assessment and analysis of frequency fluctuation and voltage total harmonics distortion in Malaysia’s grid-connected solar PV systems: an empirical study

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1426-1439
Hasif Mohamad , Khairul Anwar Ibrahim , Che Wan Mohd Faizal Che Wan Mohd Zalani , Zulkifli Ibrahim , Mohd Nor Hasli Mat Jusoh
Grid-connected solar photovoltaic (GCPV) systems have become an essential part of modern electricity generation due to their ability to harness clean, renewable energy, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and lower dependence on fossil fuels. In Malaysia, initiatives promoting small-scale GCPV adoption among residential, commercial, and industrial users have been notably successful. However, concerns regarding power quality (PQ) within GCPV-integrated environments remain insufficiently explored. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of GCPV generation on frequency fluctuations and voltage total harmonic distortion (THDV) within the Malaysian grid. The methodology involves empirical measurements of PQ at a selected GCPV installation, focusing on frequency fluctuation and THDV, and compares the results against Malaysian and international standards. These measurements form the basis for further statistical analysis, which includes descriptive analysis, process capability analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. The study aims to provide insights into grid stability, the influence of GCPV output on PQ, and the relationship between environmental factors and PQ deviations. Findings reveal that GCPV generation has minimal impact on grid PQ, which remains within acceptable limits set by relevant standards. Furthermore, no significant correlation was observed between GCPV output and PQ deterioration. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of PQ challenges in GCPV systems and offer valuable guidance for regulators and utility providers to support the development of effective mitigation strategies to ensure the continued stability and efficiency of Malaysia’s evolving power grid.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1426-1439
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Design and performance evaluation of a soft-switched partial-power LLC converter for PV grid integration

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1130-1141
Sebin Davis Kurichiparambil , Varghese Jegathesan
This paper presents a soft-switched partial-power LLC converter integrated within a two-stage photovoltaic (PV) and grid-connected system. The proposed architecture combines the advantages of resonant operation and partial power processing to enhance conversion efficiency and reduce switching losses. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is achieved through frequency modulation of the LLC converter, while grid synchronization is maintained using a three-phase voltage-oriented control (VOC) inverter. Simulation results in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate stable zero voltage switching (ZVS) and zero current switching (ZCS) across a wide irradiance range (400-1000 W/m²), enabling the system to achieve peak efficiencies above 98%, which is superior to typical transformerless and interleaved converter topologies reported in recent literature. The proposed soft-switched PPC-LLC architecture offers an efficient and scalable solution for next-generation PV grid interfaces by combining reduced processed power, robust resonant operation, and high-quality grid integration.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1130-1141
Publish at: 2026-06-01

High-efficiency two-stage LED driver with integrated PFC and LLC resonant converter for public lighting

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1084-1095
Marref Mohammed Amine , Seyf Eddine Bechekir , Mokhtaria Jbilou , Mostefa Brahami , Abdelber Bendaoud
This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a 150 W two-stage light-emitting diode (LED) driver integrating a power factor correction (PFC) stage and a half-bridge LLC resonant converter for public lighting applications. The problem addressed is the insufficient power quality, limited efficiency, and poor harmonic performance of conventional LED drivers used in street lighting. The proposed method combines an advanced PFC front-end with an LLC resonant converter optimized using first harmonic approximation (FHA) to achieve high efficiency, stable output regulation, and soft-switching operation. Experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in power quality, with the input current total harmonic distortion (THD) reduced from 134% to 17%, a near-unity power factor, a regulated LED output of 31.6 V/4.72 A, and a conversion efficiency exceeding 95%. The significance of this work lies in providing a high-performance, standards-compliant driver that supports reliable, energy-efficient, and grid-friendly public lighting with reduced operational costs.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1084-1095
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Harmonic analysis of grid-connected parallel H-bridge VSI and CSI with isolated DC sources

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1408-1417
Suroso Suroso , Winasis Winasis , Priswanto Priswanto
In a single-phase inverter system, parallel operation of inverters is a strategy to increase capacity, improve reliability, and increase the flexibility of the inverter system. This work discusses the basic operation of a novel parallel H-bridge current source inverter (H-BCSI) and H-bridge voltage source inverter (H-BVSI) operated in a grid-connected operation with isolated direct current (DC) sources equipped with power transformers. Each inverter circuit employed an independent current controller to regulate its alternating current (AC) output current. The proposed inverter system was tested for different operation conditions, and its characteristics were analyzed, especially for its harmonic profile. The test results showed that if the magnitude of the H-BCSI current was varied, while the H-BVSI current was kept constant, the total harmonic distortion (THD) value of load current was much lower than the THD values of H-BVSI current, H-BCSI current, and grid current, i.e., THD Iload ≤ 1%. This condition also occurred when the output current of the H-BVSI was increased gradually while the output current of H-BCSI was maintained constant. Moreover, a similar result was also obtained when both inverters’ output currents were varied simultaneously with the same value. The test results confirmed that the injected AC current of both inverters during parallel grid-connected operation worked well at unity power factor, and met the standards IEEE 1547 and IEC 61727, of which current THDs were ≤ 5%. The proposed grid-connected parallel inverter system worked, supplying a sinusoidal AC load current with high power quality.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1408-1417
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Multi-objective energy management optimization in electric vehicles using fuzzy logic and particle swarm optimization

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1025-1035
V. Lakshmi Devi , Damodhar Reddy , Srikanth Velpula , K. Kumar , Basi Reddy Avula
This paper proposes a hybrid energy management system (EMS) for electric vehicles by integrating fuzzy logic control (FLC) with particle swarm optimization (PSO) to improve power-split decision-making under dynamic driving conditions. The FLC is designed using state of charge (SoC) and vehicle speed as input variables and power split as the output. A set of fuzzy rules defines the EMS behavior, while PSO is employed to fine-tune decisions by maximizing an efficiency objective function defined as the closeness of the power split to an ideal reference. The simulation is implemented in Python using Colab-compatible packages such as scikit-fuzzy, DEAP, and matplotlib, ensuring accessibility and reproducibility. A test grid covering 10 SoC levels (10-100%) and 10 speed levels (10-120 km/h) is used to evaluate the system. Visualization tools, including heatmaps, 3D surface plots, and contour plots, are employed to represent the EMS behavior. The PSO-enhanced system achieved a maximum efficiency of 98.2% at an optimized SoC of 61.7% and a speed of 53.6 km/h, outperforming standalone fuzzy logic control. Tabulated results and statistical summaries validate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1025-1035
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Enhancing grid performance through coordinated SVC-TCSC operation with PV support: A case study on IEEE 30-bus system under progressive loading

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp1254-1264
Hafidha Reriballah , Latifa Smail , Ali Abderrazak Tadjeddine , Hocine Guentri , Rim Feyrouz Abdelgoui , Fatima Zohra Boudjella
Power systems face growing challenges of voltage instability, line congestion, and increased losses under rising demand. This study proposes a coordinated approach using two flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices: the static var compensator (SVC) and the thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC), together with photovoltaic (PV) generation, to enhance grid performance. The IEEE 30 bus test system is analyzed under normal and increased load conditions (5%, 10%, 15% load growth). Results show that coordinated SVC TCSC operation improves voltage profiles, reduces critical line loading by 14%, and lowers active and reactive losses by 10% and 23.8%, respectively, in the base case. Under a 15% load increase, integrating a 25 MW PV system with the coordinated FACTS restores the minimum voltage to 0.95 p.u., reduces line congestion by 27%, and decreases active and reactive losses by 35.5% and 53.5%. The combined FACTS PV strategy proves essential for maintaining stability and efficiency under high load growth. This integrated approach provides practical guidance for transmission operators toward resilient, loss aware, and renewable integrated smart grids.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 1254-1264
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Improved control strategy for harmonic current mitigation in DFIG-based wind turbines supplying linear and nonlinear loads

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i2.pp933-945
Hind Elaimani , Noureddine Elmouhi
Improving power quality is a major challenge in grid-connected wind energy systems, especially under mixed linear and nonlinear load conditions. This paper proposes an enhanced control strategy for harmonic current mitigation in a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind turbine. The proposed approach integrates flux-oriented vector control with an active harmonic compensation algorithm implemented through the rotor-side converter (RSC). Unlike conventional methods that target only specific harmonic orders, the proposed strategy mitigates all current harmonics at the point of common coupling (PCC). Simulation studies conducted under various load conditions demonstrate that the method significantly reduces the total harmonic distortion (THD) and ensures near-sinusoidal stator currents. The results confirm the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control approach in improving the power quality of DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems.
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Page: 933-945
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Optimizing real-time energy control in hybrid low-voltage microgrids using a multi-agent approach

10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp505-513
Doha El Hafiane , Abdelmounime El Magri , Ilyass El Myasse , Adil Mansouri , Rachid Lajouad
This research proposes a real-time framework for energy management and control in hybrid low-voltage microgrids (LVMGs) through multi-agent systems (MAS). The proposed framework enables decentralized and autonomous coordination among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, loads, and the utility grid to dynamically optimize power flows under varying operating conditions. Each agent adjusts its setpoints using local information while cooperating with other agents to achieve global objectives. The MAS is implemented using The Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) and co-simulated with MATLAB/Simulink to accurately represent the microgrid’s physical behavior. Simulation results under grid-connected and islanded modes demonstrate that the proposed approach increases renewable energy utilization by up to 10% and reduces total energy costs by 7.6% compared to conventional centralized control schemes. Moreover, the system exhibits strong adaptability and robustness in the presence of renewable intermittency and load fluctuations, ensuring reliable real-time operation. These results confirm that MAS-based control provides an effective, scalable, and resilient solution for real-time energy management in hybrid LVMGs.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 505-513
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Design to optimize the location, number, and performance of dynamic voltage restorers using artificial neural networks

10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp793-807
Yulianta Siregar , Faizzufar Taqy , Mohd Najib Mohd Hussain , Hafizh Prihtiadi , Muldi Yuhendri
The need for electrical energy always increases from year to year. This means that the distribution system in the electric power system needs to pay attention to its level of stability and reliability. A low level of stability can cause disruption and result in losses. The system's stability and reliability can be increased by installing custom power devices (CPD) equipment such as a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). In this research, the location, number, and performance of DVRs are optimized using an artificial neural network based on the voltage stability of the distribution network in the Sibolga Penyulang SB02 area. Based on the research results, buses 2, 12, 24, 27, and 35 are the best places to install DVRs, and the system will have five DVRs installed. A three-phase short circuit simulation was used to determine how feeder stability was impacted by DVR performance. Then, the voltage falls to 0.1770 p.u. during a disturbance and then rises to 0.8073 p.u., which is within the typical voltage limit of > 0.9 p.u. It means that DVRs restored the voltage fully to the acceptable threshold.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 793-807
Publish at: 2026-06-01

Techno-economic assessment of gas engine power plants penetration in a power grid

10.11591/ijape.v15.i2.pp535-545
Adelhard Beni Rehiara , Frederik Haryanto Sumbung
This paper presents a techno-economic assessment of integrating engine power plants into a power grid, using the snake optimization (SO) algorithm to solve the multi-objective optimal power flow (OPF) problem. The study focuses on four key objectives: minimizing fuel costs, reducing voltage deviation, enhancing voltage stability, and minimizing active power losses. Simulations conducted on the 38-bus of Manokwari grid system demonstrate that the SO algorithm significantly improved performance in all areas. Fuel costs were reduced to 2.003 million USD/h while maintaining a stable voltage profile. Voltage deviation was reduced to 0.5577 p.u., ensuring better voltage consistency across the grid. Voltage stability was enhanced with a minimized Lmax value of 0.0200 p.u., and active power losses were reduced to 0.3423 MW, reflecting a notable increase in system efficiency. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of integrating gas engine power plants, which led to noticeable improvements in operational efficiency and grid stability.
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Page: 535-545
Publish at: 2026-06-01
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