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Creating a smart bedroom for children by connecting PIR and LDR sensors to a microcontroller Arduino UNO ATmega328P

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp540-554
Ragmi M. Mustafa , Kujtim R. Mustafa , Refik Ramadani
Intelligent electronic systems are increasingly prevalent in modern society. The development of smart bedrooms for young children, especially those with developmental disabilities, it is based on the responses of passive infrared (PIR) and light dependent resistor (LDR) sensors. The PIR sensor detects children’s movement during the night, triggering the microcontroller to send a bit of 1 to the microcontroller pin connected to an electromagnetic relay, which then switches on a 220 VAC light to illuminate the bedroom. This only occurs if the LDR sensor has high resistance, indicating that the environment is completely dark. The functionality of this intelligent system mainly depends on the program code (sketch) uploaded to the Arduino UNO microcontroller module. The microcontroller is programmed to perform specific functions based on the sensors data. It is based on the responses of PIR and LDR sensors. The PIR sensor detects children’s movement during the night, triggering the microcontroller to send a bit of 1 to the microcontroller pin connected to an electromagnetic relay, which then switches on a 220 VAC light to illuminate the bedroom. This only occurs if the LDR sensor has high resistance, indicating that the environment is completely dark.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 540-554
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Learning disabilities teachers’ perceptions of employing artificial intelligence applications in teaching their students

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32888
Mariam Alnaim , Ghada Al-Otaibi
This study explores the learning disabilities teachers’ perceptions of employing artificial intelligence (AI) applications in teaching their students in Saudi Arabia. A quantitative approach was utilized, distributing a questionnaire to 108 teachers of students with learning disabilities. Findings indicate a moderate level of AI application use, with tools like virtual reality (VR) and speech recognition being more commonly recognized and valued. However, other applications, such as Thinkster Math, remain underutilized, revealing gaps in effective AI integration. The study recommends targeted strategies to overcome barriers such as insufficient teacher training, lack of digital infrastructure, and the need for culturally responsive AI tools. Key solutions include developing professional development programs, improving access to technology, and providing financial incentives to encourage wider adoption. By addressing these challenges and implementing these recommendations, Saudi Arabia can enhance its special education landscape, enabling teachers to leverage AI as a transformative tool and fostering a more inclusive and adaptive learning environment for students with learning disabilities. This study underscores the need for continuous research and feedback to refine AI tools, ensuring they meet educational goals and improve student outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2732-2741
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Study on parental involvement in Vietnamese primary students’ learning: insights from the era of educational reform

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32897
Thi Hong Hanh Van , Xuan Quang Tran , Thi Phuong Vy Nguyen , Thai Hung Le
In light of Vietnam’s recent educational reforms emphasizing competency-based learning, this research explores how Vietnamese parents engage in their children’s education and the relationship between this involvement and students’ academic performance. Employing both quantitative (surveys) and qualitative (interviews) methods, the study focuses on three critical aspects of parenting and the family environment, based on Epstein’s theory: communication between parents and teachers, volunteering, and collaboration with the community. Quantitative data, analyzed using SPSS software, revealed the frequency of parental involvement activities, providing a comprehensive picture of both common and less frequent activities. Pearson correlation results confirmed a positive relationship between active parental involvement and student performance. The qualitative findings further highlight the challenges parents face when engaging in their children’s education and offer suggestions for improving parental participation. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights into the dynamics of parental involvement in Vietnamese schools and proposes practical, contextually appropriate solutions to enhance educational quality by strengthening cooperation between schools and parents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2487-2499
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Machine learning in detecting and interpreting business incubator success data and datasets

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp446-456
Mochammad Haldi Widianto , Puji Prabowo
This research contributes to creating a proposed architectural model by utilizing several machine learning (ML) algorithms, heatmap correlation, and ML interpretation. Several algorithms are used, such as K-nearest neighbors (KNN) to the adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) algorithm, and heatmap correlation is used to see the relationship between variables. Finally, select K-best is used in the results, showing that several proposed model ML algorithms such as AdaBoost, CatBoost, and XGBoost have accuracy, precision, and recall of 94% and an F1-score of 93%. However, the computing time the best ML is AdaBoost with 0.081s. Then, finally, the proposed model results of the interpretation of AdaBoost using select K-best are the best features “last revenue” and “first revenue” with k feature values of 0.58 and 0.196, these features influence the success of the business. The results show that the proposed model successfully utilized model classification, correlation, and interpretation. The proposed model still has weaknesses, such as the ML model being outdated and not having too many interpretation features. The future research might maximize with ML models and the latest interpretations. These improvements could be in the form of ML algorithms that are more immune to data uncertainty, and interpretation of results with wider data.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 446-456
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Unveiling the role of critical thinking in education: regional analysis and predictive factors

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33234
Muhammad Aizri Fadillah , Yul Ifda Tanjung , Usmeldi Usmeldi , Festiyed Festiyed
Despite its recognized importance, the role of critical thinking (CRIT) in promoting authentic problem-solving (APS), collaborative learning (COL), creative thinking (CRET), and knowledge creation efficacy (KCE) in different regional contexts still needs to be investigated. This study uses partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and partial least squares-multi group analysis (PLS-MGA) to evaluate the effect of CRIT on these skills and compare the effect between municipality and regency, using data from 431 high school students in Indonesia. The Ranger algorithm identified the main predictors of the impact of CRIT on the other skills. The findings revealed that CRIT significantly improved the impacts of these skills, with no significant differences between regions. The ability to provide sound reasoning and consider diverse perspectives were the main predictors. This study contributes to the relatively under-attended area of CRIT in Indonesian education by highlighting its important role in skills development.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2640-2651
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Validity and reliability “K² REBT” group counseling module depression among students

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32133
Nor Asikhin Ishak , Nurul Huda Ishak , Mohamad Sukeri Khalid
Depression among teenagers, especially students, is an increasing concern with serious consequences, including criminal behavior and suicide. This study develops a rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) counseling module aimed at reducing irrational beliefs and enhancing the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral well-being of depressed students. The module comprises four sub-modules: self-acceptance, feelings, beliefs, and challenging, based on established REBT principles. The 30 students diagnosed with depression participated in reliability testing, while content validity was assessed by five experts, yielding a high validity quotient of 0.930. The module’s reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.964, indicating strong internal consistency. These findings suggest that the REBT Module is a highly valid and reliable tool for improving coping strategies and alleviating depression among students, making it a valuable addition to school counseling programs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3065-3077
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Mapping the intellectual structure of mobile gaming in education: insights from bibliometric methods

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32988
Lim Seong Pek , Rita Wong Mee Mee , Fatin Syamilah Che Yob , Walton Wider , Cathy Mae Toquero , Karen Joy Brillo Talidong
Mobile gaming in education encompasses using games on mobile devices to achieve educational goals, offering an interactive platform that can make learning more engaging and accessible. This study addresses the gap in understanding how mobile gaming can enhance educational outcomes by mapping the intellectual landscape of mobile gaming research in education through bibliometric methods. The problem is the growing need to adapt educational tools to students’ digital preferences, balancing engagement with academic rigor. A total of 247 articles were identified from the Web of Science (WoS) database. Through co-citation and co-occurrence analyses, the study identifies influential research themes and emerging trends, such as gamification, serious games, and augmented reality. The findings demonstrate that mobile gaming fosters engagement in promoting motivation and supporting problem-solving skills in educational contexts. However, it also highlights the importance of aligning mobile gaming with curriculum objectives and ensuring instructor readiness, supporting sustainable development goal 4: quality education, which aims to improve inclusive and equitable learning outcomes. It identifies emerging trends, including serious games, technology acceptance models, and the use of augmented reality in educational settings. This study provides a significant impact for educators and researchers seeking to incorporate mobile gaming into educational settings actively. The study suggests a balanced approach to mobile gaming, ensuring its introduction enhances educational goals while minimizing the potential for distraction, fostering innovation in line with sustainable development goal 9: industry, innovation, and infrastructure.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2956-2965
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Navigating the practice teaching odyssey: unveiling the well-being dynamics of student teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32798
Trixie E. Cubillas , Maricel D. Tabao , Jascha Kaye S. Cabalan , Kristienah Sastha D. Baron
Despite the growing emphasis on student well-being in educational policy and practice, there remains a need for more consensus on which domains should be studied, resulting in fragmented research. This study addresses this issue by gauging the well-being of student teachers at Caraga State University-Main Campus, Philippines, focusing on cognitive, psychological, social, and material dimensions based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) framework. The study employed descriptive-correlational research design and data were collected from 62 Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) and 66 Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSEd) major in Science student teachers using stratified random sampling. Analysis methods included frequency counts, percentages, weighted means, independent sample T-test, and Pearson product-moment correlation. Results showed that most participants were female and from the BEEd program. Significant differences in well-being were found based on gender, while no significant differences were observed between the programs. Cognitive well-being was associated with psychological and social well-being, and material well-being was significantly linked to both psychological and social well-being. Proposed interventions include financial support, social network enhancement, and academic engagement promotion. These findings present novel insights into the importance of financial aid and robust social networks in improving student teachers’ well-being and academic success.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2530-2538
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Communication and collaboration competence within the digital competence framework: a bibliometric analysis

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32183
Hue Hong Cao , Lai Thai Dao , Trung Tran , Huyen Thi Thanh Nguyen
This paper evaluates the development of research on communication and collaboration competence within the digital competence framework (CCC-DCF), an increasingly vital area in the digital era. Bibliometric techniques were applied to analyze 449 articles published in the Scopus database from 2000 to 2023. Using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny, publication trends were tracked, leading journals and high-productivity countries identified, as well as collaboration networks, prominent scholars, most-cited documents, and frequently used keywords. Our analysis revealed a steady increase in publications over the past 23 years, with a notable surge in the last 3 years due to the fourth industrial revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic. MDPI AG was the leading publisher, with the United States and Spain as the top-producing countries. Diana Andone and Mark Frydenberg were the most prolific authors, and the British Journal of Educational Technology was the most cited journal. The study also explored collaborations among authors and countries through visualization analysis. Key frequently appearing terms included digital competences, higher education, information and communication technologies, and collaborative learning. This research forms a basis for future studies to enhance communication and collaboration competence in the digital environment for students. It also provides policymakers and researchers with key authors and impactful studies for further exploration.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2652-2665
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Enhancing logo security: VGG19, autoencoder, and sequential fusion for fake logo detection

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp506-515
Debani Prasad Mishra , Prajna Jeet Ojha , Arul Kumar Dash , Sai Kanha Sethy , Sandip Ranjan Behera , Surender Reddy Salkuti
This paper deals with a way of detecting fake logos through the integration of visual geometry group-19 (VGG19), an autoencoder, and a sequential model. The approach consists of applying the method to a variety of datasets that have gone through resizing and augmentation, using VGG19 for extracting features effectively and autoencoder for abstracting them in a subtle manner. The combination of these elements in a sequential model account for the improved performance levels as far as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score are concerned when compared to existing approaches. This article assesses the strengths and limitations of the method and its adapted comprehension of brand identity symbols. Comparative analysis of these competing approaches reveals the benefits resulting from such fusion. To sum up, this paper is not only a major contribution to the domain of counterfeit logo detection but also suggests prospects for enhancing brand security in the digital world.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 506-515
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Indonesian tenth graders’ academic self-efficacy and English achievement admitted through zoning and achievement schemes

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.29110
Hartono Hartono , Ruseno Arjanggi , Kurniawan Yudhi Nugroho
The zone-based new student admission scheme for lower and secondary public schools has significantly changed education practices, not only in the admission policy but also in the teaching and learning practices. This study aims to describe and compare academic self-efficacy and the achievement of Indonesian tenth-graders admitted through the zoning and achievement admission schemes. Five public senior high schools were purposively selected as samples to represent different clusters of school preferences before the zoning scheme was implemented. Data were collected through an academic self-efficacy questionnaire specially prepared for the study and an achievement test conducted by the classroom teachers. A total of 483 tenth graders completed the questionnaire and an English achievement test; among them, 74.3% were admitted through the zoning scheme, 17.6% were through the achievement scheme, and the remaining 8.1%, were through affirmation, transfer of parent’s job, and other schemes. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS. The tenth graders had a high level of academic self-efficacy. However, there was a significant difference in academic self-efficacy and English achievement between the tenth graders admitted through the zoning scheme and those admitted through the achievement scheme. The causes of the difference and the implications are discussed.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2500-2509
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Financial literacy of secondary school teachers in the Department of Education–Division of La Union

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32038
Mary Grace P. Paneda , Eduard M. Albay
Understanding the financial literacy of public secondary teachers is vital in promoting financial well-being for both educators and students. Using an adapted questionnaire as the main data-gathering tool, this descriptive study investigated the extent of financial literacy of public secondary teachers from a municipality in the Philippines across various aspects like knowledge, management, credit, savings, investments, and challenges they encountered. The results revealed that teachers often face difficulties and constraints with financial management, budgeting, and investing. The teachers indicated a low level of financial literacy due to their limited understanding of and ineffective strategies in utilizing various financial skills and concepts.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2521-2529
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Performance analysis of LDPC codes in MIMO-OFDM for next generation wireless systems

10.11591/ijict.v14i2.pp636-644
P. Aruna Kumari , Srinu Pyla , U. N. V. P. Rajendranath , Nirujogi Venkata Maheswara Rao
Fifth Generation communication systems overcome the limitations of the fourth-generation systems and ensure improved data rates, lower latency, and higher connection density. 5G technology has the potential to unlock new internet of things (IoT) applications by utilizing the technologies such as multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), and Li-Fi. Low density parity check (LDPC) and polar codes are being preferred for data and control channels respectively in 5G systems as these coding techniques offer good error-detection and correction along with reduced latency. Morever, LDPC codes are power efficient. This paper aims to analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance of LDPC codes in MIMO-OFDM System for different modulation schemes. LDPC codes improve the BER performance of OFDM and MIMO-OFDM systems. MIMO-OFDM systems deliver better BER performance over OFDM system.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 636-644
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Optimization of IoT-based monitoring system for automatic power factor correction using PZEM-004T sensor

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i2.pp860-873
Maman Somantri , Mochamad Rizal Fauzan , Irgi Surya
Power factor correction (PFC) is crucial for improving energy efficiency and reducing excessive power consumption, especially in inductive loads commonly found in household and industrial environments. Conventional PFC methods often rely on manual capacitor switching, which is inefficient and impractical for real-time applications. This study proposes an IoT-based automatic power factor monitoring and correction system that dynamically adjusts the power factor using real-time data analysis. The system integrates NodeMCU ESP32 and the PZEM-004T sensor to monitor electrical parameters and automatically switch capacitors based on power factor conditions. The research follows the ADDIE approach (analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation) to ensure a structured development process. Experimental results demonstrate an average power factor improvement of 48.77% and a reduction in current consumption by 39.90%, significantly enhancing energy efficiency. The system's web-based interface allows real-time monitoring with an average data transmission response time of 207.67 ms, ensuring efficient remote management. Compared to existing systems, the proposed approach eliminates manual intervention and optimizes PFC adaptively. Future research should focus on expanding system reliability, testing on larger-scale applications, and integrating artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive power factor adjustments.
Volume: 39
Issue: 2
Page: 860-873
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Formation of key skills of the XXI century in the educational practice of a teacher

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32968
Saltanat Beissembayeva , Zhanar Oshakbayeva , Gulfairuz Yerkibayeva , Karlygash Babayeva , Selime Chakanova
This study addresses the pressing need to develop key XXI century skills among teachers to effectively navigate the contemporary educational challenges that they are facing. Through interviews with 86 educators from Kazakh pedagogical universities, we identified several essential competencies, including digital literacy, critical thinking and collaboration, as being fundamental for successful teaching in modern contexts. The research proposes a multifaceted approach, employing innovative strategies such as active learning, project-based learning, and collaborative techniques, to seamlessly integrate these skills into the curriculum. The findings indicate that these methods not only enhance students’ practical experiences but also foster a supportive learning environment conducive to creativity and effective problem-solving. The study concludes by emphasizing the vital role of continuous professional development for teachers, ensuring they can adapt their pedagogical practices in response to the rapidly evolving demands of education today.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3125-3134
Publish at: 2025-08-01
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