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31,456 Article Results

The integration of scaffolding and augmented reality in physics learning

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.30575
Siti Nurqualbiah Mat Karim , Aidah Abdul Karim , Fariza Khalid
Physics learning often involves problem-solving in mathematical calculation that has become one of the many challenges among high school students. The integration of scaffolding and augmented reality (AR) has the potential to improve students’ understanding in problem-solving involving mathematical calculation in physics learning. Therefore, this study aims to increase gravitational knowledge among high school students using AR learning kit with the integration of scaffolding. This study employed mixed method case study research design and involved 15 high school students in urban areas. Data was collected using semi structured interview and pre and post gravitation test then analyzed using qualitative thematic analytic and descriptive statistics. The findings showed that an AR learning kit integrating scaffolding named FizaAR has increased gravitational knowledge among high school students in physics learning. The findings further indicated that scaffolding element employed in FizaAR have the feature of simplified small subtopics help to increase confidence among students in physics learning. Consequently, the AR learning kit might enhance high school students’ understanding of physics. This study found that integrating scaffolding and AR would help physics education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5105-5116
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Beyond awareness: an assessment of reading program implementation in Butuan City, Philippines

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.33206
Jereco F. Cultura , Ariel U. Cubillas , Trixie E. Cubillas
This study assessed the levels of awareness and implementation of every child a reader program (ECARP) in public elementary schools within South Butuan District-I, Butuan City Division, Philippines. Additionally, it sought to determine the relationship between the awareness levels of teachers and school heads and the program’s implementation. A mixed-method design was used, with survey questionnaires administered to 105 respondents, representing 95% of the district’s teachers and school administrators. Analysis of the collected data revealed that participants exhibited high awareness regarding the components of implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and reading assessment. The implementation of ECARP was rated as very satisfactory. Furthermore, a significant relationship was identified between the levels of awareness and implementation, underscoring the importance of guideline awareness for effective program execution. The study concludes that heightened awareness of ECARP guidelines is crucial for achieving a well-implemented reading program. These findings offer a valuable contribution to the field of education by providing a localized analysis of the reading program, highlighting both its challenges and successes. The study introduces data that can inform future policy adjustments, while offering new insights for enhancing existing reading programs and guiding the development of localized intervention plans.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 5140-5150
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Prospective teachers’ views on faculty members as content creators

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.33250
Seyithan Demirdağ , Anang Widhi Nirwansyah , Aji Heru Muslim , Bimo Bramantio
This study examines prospective teachers’ perceptions of faculty members as content creators in higher education, with a focus on how content development impacts effective teaching and learning. Using a qualitative descriptive phenomenological approach, the research explores the experiences of 26 senior students from diverse academic backgrounds at a university in Northwestern Turkey. The participants were selected through maximum variation sampling, representing fields such as special education, elementary education, science, social studies, preschool, and mathematics teaching. The findings reveal that prospective teachers value faculty members’ use of technology to create engaging, personalized learning experiences. Faculty expertise in digital content creation and contemporary teaching tools plays a key role in shaping students’ pedagogical development and boosting their confidence. However, challenges such as varying technological proficiency levels hinder some prospective teachers from fully integrating content creation into their future teaching practices. The study underscores the importance of faculty expertise and technological competence in teacher preparation. It advocates for comprehensive professional development programs to enhance educators’ content creation skills and encourages collaborations between faculty and technology experts to develop effective educational content. The study calls for addressing technological adoption barriers and equipping prospective teachers with necessary skills for effective 21st-century teaching. Future research should build on these findings with quantitative methods to further explore students’ perspectives on content creation.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4796-4811
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Curriculum educators' perceived challenges in applying quality assessment criteria

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.35927
Thi-Thuy-Dung Ngo , Ngoc Tran Bao , Anh Hua Thi Tu , Nhu Huynh Yen , Tuong Thi Khanh Tran , Ha Nguyen Nam
This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the implementation challenges of national quality assurance (QA) in Vietnam’s higher medical education system, with a focus on faculty engagement and educator perception during medical curriculum redesign. Conducted at Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, a public institution dedicated to professional healthcare qualifications, the study applies the Ministry of Education and Training (MOET) quality assessment framework, which defines 11 standards central to quality assessment implementation in various domains. Results reveal that standard 4 (teaching and learning approach) received the lowest average score, highlighting significant barriers to implementation. Standards 1, 3, and 5 also emerged as areas of concern. Difficulty in applying quality assessment criteria varied by educator characteristics: younger, less experienced faculty with limited academic credentials, and no prior quality assessment training reported greater difficulty, while senior educators with quality assessment training demonstrated higher compliance and ease in application. To strengthen educator compliance and enable effective QA implementation, the study recommends targeted training programs and support resources for faculty, particularly for early-career educators. These findings offer practical guidance for policymakers, administrators, and academic leaders involved in medical curriculum redesign and QA reforms within Vietnam’s higher education landscape.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4580-4591
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Interventions to improve resilience in breast cancer patients: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26206
Dwi Retnaningsih , Nursalam Nursalam , Hanik Endang Nihayati
Breast cancer patients with low resilience may experience adverse psychological outcomes, including stress, anxiety, depression, emotional dysregulation, and difficulties in recovery. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of various interventions in improving resilience among breast cancer patients and to provide practical guidance for healthcare practitioners in implementing these interventions. Following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and PICOS framework, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2018-2024. Two independent reviewers screened eligible studies in two stages (title/abstract and full-text). The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria. Interventions identified include music therapy, mindfulness, family and social support programs, cognitive behavioral therapy, digital-based interventions, and psychoeducation. Most interventions demonstrated a significant positive impact on patients’ psychological resilience, coping ability, and quality of life. Evidence suggests that resilience-focused interventions can be effectively integrated into supportive care for breast cancer patients. Healthcare practitioners should consider incorporating these strategies to address psychosocial needs. Further studies are recommended to evaluate long-term impacts and cost-effectiveness in diverse settings.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1710-1719
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Clinical dental students' perceptions of difficulties in fixed prosthodontics bridgework denture preparation: a pilot study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24623
Aditya Pratama Sarwono , Khairunnisa Febianti
Preparing abutment teeth for fixed bridgework presents varying challenges to dental students, impacting their training effectiveness and clinical outcomes. Understanding the most difficult stages can help improve educational strategies. This study aims to rank the difficulty of each stage in abutment tooth preparation using student evaluations, identifying the greatest challenges. A quantitative approach was used, analyzing perceptions of 155 clinical dental students from 2021-2023 cohorts at Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Trisakti, through the non-parametric Friedman’s ANOVA Test. Student evaluations covered seven stages of abutment tooth preparation, identifying variability in perceived difficulty from most difficult to easiest. Results indicate the most difficult stage is proximal reduction (mean rank: 3.01), followed by cervical preparation (mean rank: 3.28), and lingual reduction (mean rank: 3.35). The stages with the lowest difficulty are finishing (mean rank: 5.35), followed by alignment of preparation between 2 abutment teeth (mean rank: 4.85), buccal reduction (mean rank: 4.13), and occlusal reduction (mean rank: 4.03). Proximal reduction is particularly difficult due to the need for high technical skills and precision, requiring accurate space estimation and careful reduction without damaging adjacent teeth. This difficulty is compounded by natural variations in tooth shapes and positions among patients. Findings highlight the importance of refining educational strategies to tackle these challenges, enhancing student learning and clinical skills. This research provides crucial data on which stages need greater emphasis in the curriculum, aiding the creation of more efficient and focused training methods.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1730-1737
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Reproductive tract infections among geriatric population in a block of West Bengal: knowledge and risk behaviour assessment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.24994
Kuntala Ray , Shalini Pattanayak , Somnath Naskar , Mausumi Basu
Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among the geriatric population remains neglected, causing increase in morbidity. This study aimed to elicit knowledge, identify risk behaviour for RTIs among the elderly residing in a block of West Bengal, to determine any associations between sociodemographic profile with knowledge and risk behaviour respectively, and to assess any correlation between knowledge and risk behaviour. A community-based study was conducted using multistage sampling, among 158 geriatric residents of a rural block in West Bengal, India for a period of 3 months in 2023. Face-to-face interviews were carried out using an interview schedule. Overall median scores were calculated separately for knowledge and risk behaviour domains. Score < median score was categorized as ‘inadequate knowledge’ and score ≥ median was classified as ‘high risk’ behaviour. Nearly 30% reportedly had ‘inadequate knowledge’ while 77% had ‘high risk’ behavior for RTIs. Higher odds of inadequate knowledge and high-risk behavior were observed among those who were employed and those who availed of any social security scheme(s). Moderately positive correlation was obtained between knowledge and risk behavior.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1675-1685
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Detection of heavy metals concentration in vegetables and analyze the health risks

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26823
Solomon Legesse Gurmu , Fekede Weldekidan Mengistu , Atsedu Yeshwalul Beyene , Bizunesh Ketema , Birhanu Million Tadesse
Heavy metals are elements found in Earth’s crust but introduced into soil and water bodies by human activities. They are not biodegradable, so they persist for a long time in the environment. Heavy metals are incorporated into to human body through the food chain, resulting in various health problems. Akaki Rivers, which are major water sources in Addis Ababa, are contaminated with various wastes, including heavy metals. This research aimed to detect heavy metal concentration in cabbage, potato, tomato, and beetroot irrigated with the Akaki Rivers and evaluate associated health risks. Following the vegetable sample collection, a laboratory-based study was used in sample processing, digestion, and heavy metal detection. Mean concentration (mg/kg dry weight) of Cd (26.11-26.34), Pb (17-33.84) in all samples, and Hg (0.124) in beetroot exceeded the permissible limits set by WHO/FAO. The HRI of Cd (28.3-140.96), Pd (10.9-27.35), both in adults and children, and Hg (1.727 for children) exceeded the safe limit (<1). The health of adults and children is at risk due to Cd, Pb, and Hg, with children facing approximately 2.5 times higher. Minimization of the release of wastewater into the Akaki Rivers, and dietary diversification should be encouraged, and the health of permanent consumers should be checked.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1849-1856
Publish at: 2025-12-01

The role of social support and academic self-efficacy in enhancing academic engagement among undergraduates

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.33999
Elizabeth Ifeoma Anierobi , Amjad Islam Amjad , Favour Amarachi Ubani , Sarfraz Aslam , Mohamad Ahmad Saleem Khasawneh , Huda Alshamsi
Academic engagement is vital to students’ academic success, especially in higher education settings where motivation and support systems vary widely. This study investigated the influence of social support and academic self-efficacy on academic engagement among undergraduates of Nnamdi Azikiwe University. The main objectives were to determine the extent to which parental and peer support and students’ belief in their academic abilities correlate with their level of academic engagement. A correlational research design was used to guide the study. From a total population of about 20,000 undergraduate students enrolled in the 2023/2024 academic session, a sample of 403 students was randomly selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure equal representation. Data were collected using three standardized instruments: the social support questionnaire (SSQ), the academic self-efficacy questionnaire (ASEQ), and the academic engagement questionnaire (AEQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Pearson’s product-moment correlation and multiple regression analysis were used to test the research questions and hypotheses. Findings showed significant positive relationships between social support (both parental and peer), academic self-efficacy, and students’ academic engagement. These results highlight the importance of fostering supportive learning environments and building students’ confidence in their academic abilities. Practical implications suggest that universities should implement structured peer mentoring, parental involvement strategies, and workshops that enhance academic self-efficacy to improve student engagement and academic outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4689-4699
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Development of a leakage detection and alert system for liquefied petroleum gas via a mobile application

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i4.pp1099-1110
Wael A. Salah , Anees Abu Sneineh
Nowadays, ensuring the comfort and safety of house users is a top priority, and this may be accomplished by implementing smart technology to lead a convenient and safe life. Leakage of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mostly utilized in the home kitchen for cooking, is one of the frequent risks. Using a gas sensing device, a gas control system, and wireless communication units, the goal of this study is to create an LPG gas leakage warning and management system to prevent the gas from exploding by detecting the leak. When LPG gas is brought near the sensor, it detects the leakage and the buzzer is activated by activating the audio-visual alarm and closing the gas cylinder valve. The system also generates alert messages and sends them to the fire station when the LPG gas leakage has reached a critical level. Testing results of the proposed LPG leakage system show a satisfactory performance of the developed device with a quick response to LPG gas leakage. In addition, powerful audio and visual alarms are activated. An immediate message was sent to homeowners and the fire station department regarding the leakage incident to prevent the risk of gas leakage.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1099-1110
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Cross-cultural exploration of stylized performance: traditional Chinese training methods in drama education

10.11591/ijere.v14i6.34292
Jingying ZHANG , Syahrul Fithri Musa
This study explores the effectiveness of stylized performance training in cross-cultural drama education, focusing on how symbolic body language conveys emotions and character intent. Originating from traditional Chinese theatre, stylized training was adapted to help students from diverse cultural backgrounds achieve emotional resonance and cohesive character portrayal. Employing a participatory action research (PAR) design, the 16-week experiment involved performing arts students from six cultures, using iterative feedback and reflective practices to track changes in emotional expression and adaptation to symbolic movements. The training included three phases: basic training, emotional integration, and applied practice. Data was collected through classroom observations, interviews, feedback forms, and peer evaluations. Findings show that participants improved in non-verbal emotional expression, effectively conveying emotions across cultural barriers. Supported by Pavis’s “intercultural theatre” theory and Mead’s symbolic interactionism, the study highlights stylized performance’s potential to enhance cross-cultural emotional resonance in drama education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 6
Page: 4978-4991
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Spatial analysis of tuberculosis based on geographic information systems in Sleman district, Special Region Yogyakarta

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26826
Makhrum Irmaningsih , Angga Eko Pramono
The number of tuberculosis cases continues to rise annually, with Sleman Regency recording 2,372 cases in 2024, making it one of the highest in the Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. This study aims to analyze spatial autocorrelation and spatial relationships of tuberculosis cases in Sleman Regency in 2024 using geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial analysis. A quantitative cross-sectional design was applied to 1,406 tuberculosis cases across 86 villages. Bivariate local indicators of spatial association (LISA) analysis were performed using GeoDa software, while geographically weighted regression (GWR) in R Studio examined local environmental influences. Bivariate LISA results showed no significant spatial autocorrelation for population density, air temperature, air humidity, precipitation, and altitude (p-values: 0.173, 0.265, 0.138, 0.312, and 0.401, respectively). GWR revealed negative correlations between these variables and tuberculosis cases. Findings highlight spatial patterns and inform targeted interventions, recommending enhanced tuberculosis awareness and treatment access in low-density, high-incidence areas, along with public education on ventilation and preventive measures during colder seasons, and strengthened prevention in high-risk lowland villages.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1876-1885
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carriage and associated risk factors among healthy individuals in Rural Southwestern Nigeria

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26808
Odetoyin Babatunde , Akinde Oluwatoyin
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), driven by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli, poses a significant public health threat, silently spreading through asymptomatic carriers. Limited data from rural areas highlight the need for focused studies to guide resistance control efforts. This study aimed to isolate faecal Escherichia coli (E. coli) from apparently healthy individuals in a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria, determine their antimicrobial resistance profiles, and evaluate risk factors associated with MDR E. coli carriage. A total of 347 stool samples were collected from healthy, consenting individuals. E. coli was isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques. Antimicrobial resistance was assessed via the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Isolates were screened phenotypically for the extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production and genotypically for ESBL genes (CTX-M, SHV, TEM). The data were analyzed using WINPEPI. E. coli was isolated from 269 participants (77.5%), yielding 555 isolates. High resistance rates were observed against sulphamethoxazole (94.0%), ampicillin (85.0%), and tetracycline (83.2%), while imipenem showed the lowest resistance (6.7%). Twenty-seven isolates (5%) were confirmed as ESBL producers. Among these, 17 (63%) carried at least one ESBL gene-TEM being the most common (44.4%). Additionally, 50.1% of the isolates were classified as MDR, with MDR E. coli carriage significantly associated with self-medication (p=0.05). The widespread presence of MDR E. coli among healthy rural dwellers, coupled with its association with self-medication, highlights serious public health concerns and raises the urgent need for more evidence-based strategies to combat AMR.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1866-1875
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Health literacy on HIV/AIDS and adherence to antiretroviral treatment: the moderating role of social support

10.11591/ijphs.v14i4.26635
Pujaannicha Pujaannicha , Herlina Siwi Widiana
The increasing prevalence of HIV/AIDS continues to pose a significant global health challenge, with developing countries experiencing the fastest growth in transmission rates, including Indonesia. This quantitative correlational study examined the influence of HIV/AIDS-related health literacy on adherence to antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), with peer social support considered as a moderating variable. Participants included 208 PLWHA residing in Majalengka Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Data were gathered using standardized instruments measuring HIV/AIDS health literacy, treatment adherence, and peer social support, and were analyzed through moderation analysis using Jamovi software. The results demonstrated that HIV/AIDS health literacy had a significant positive effect on ARV adherence, and that peer social support strengthened this relationship. Nonetheless, the study is limited by its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported measures, which may restrict causal inference and generalizability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1658-1665
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Review of NLP in EMR: abbreviation, diagnosis, and ICD classification

10.11591/ijict.v14i3.pp881-891
Nurul Anis Balqis Iqbal Basheer , Sharifalillah Nordin , Sazzli Shahlan Kasim , Azliza Mohd Ali , Nurzeatul Hamimah Abdul Hamid
This review explores state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) methods applied to electronic medical records (EMRs) for key tasks such as expanding medical abbreviations, automated diagnosis generation, international classification of diseases (ICD) classification, and explaining model outcomes. With the growing digitization of healthcare data, the complexity of EMR analysis presents a significant challenge for accurate and interpretable results. This paper evaluates various methodologies, highlighting their strengths, limitations, and potential for improving clinical decision-making. Special attention is given to abbreviation expansion as a crucial step for disambiguating terms in the clinical text, followed by an exploration of auto-diagnosis models and ICD code assignment techniques. Finally, interpretability methods like integrated gradients and attention-based approaches are reviewed to understand model predictions and their applicability in healthcare. This review aims to provide a comprehensive guide for researchers and practitioners interested in leveraging NLP for clinical text analysis.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 881-891
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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