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Work-integrated curriculum transformation and autopedagogical competence in prospective teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33746
Aiym Tynyskhanova , Kalbike Yessenova , Irodakhon Xoldarova , Fariza Ismailova , Aziza Zhunusbekova
Despite substantial investments in higher education, many Kazakhstani graduates face challenges in securing employment due to a lack of essential job-related competencies. The predominant discipline-based learning approach in Kazakhstani universities often fails to cultivate autopedagogical competence—a critical skill for applying knowledge in real-world contexts and solving practical problems. This study aims to examine the impact of work-integrated curriculum (WIC) transformation on the development of student autopedagogical competence (SAC). A non-experimental quantitative research design was employed, utilizing survey techniques to collect data from a sample of 180 students in Kazakhstan. The sample was determined through random stratified sampling to ensure representativeness. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling (SEM) to identify relationships between dependent (autopedagogical competence), independent (WIC transformation), and moderating variables. The findings reveal that curriculum transformation has a significant and positive impact on the development of autopedagogical competencies. Students exposed to work-integrated learning (WIL) demonstrate stronger self-directed learning capabilities, enhancing their readiness for workforce integration and lifelong professional development. These insights highlight the necessity of innovative curriculum strategies to bridge the gap between academic learning and practical skill acquisition, offering valuable guidance for educators seeking to improve vocational education outcomes.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3273-3282
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Understanding e-book acceptance from a resource-based view perspective: an analysis among students at UiTM Melaka

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32111
Zulkefli Muhamad Hanapiyah , Ahmad Fadhly Arham , Muhammad Syukri Abdullah , Muhammad Fairuz Jamil , Nor Sabrena Norizan , Wei-Loon Koe
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a shift in the Malaysian education system from traditional face-to-face teaching to online and open distance learning (ODL). This transition has impacted students, lecturers, and universities. E-books are one technology that supports online learning at the university level. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing e-book acceptance among students. Using quantitative research, a questionnaire was administered to 171 students at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Melaka Campus, who are enrolled in strategic management course. The findings reveal a significant impact of course content, instructors, and university support on e-book acceptance. However, there was no significant effect observed for access ability, computer competency and infrastructure. These insights are crucial for universities to plan and implement e-books effectively for their students. As the study is specific to UiTM Melaka Campus, it is recommended that future research encompasses both public and private universities for a more comprehensive understanding.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2742-2748
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Developing a robust data integrity verification framework for cloud storage utilizing Boneh-Lynn-Shacham signatures

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26709
Raed; Northern Technical University Abdulkareem Hasan , Mustafa; Imam Aadham University College M. Akawee , Enas; Northern Technical University Faek Aziz , Omar A.; Collage/Fallujah University Hammood , Tole; Universitas Ahmad Dahlan Sutikno
Cloud computing (CC) is a service that allows both data storage and data accessibility on the cloud through any on-demand service and application, without incurring the costs of local data storage and upkeep expenses. On the other hand, CC providers have to make sure good security among the consumers to inspire them to use the resources on the cloud as if it were their local storage, without bothering about the data quality. Therefore, data checking in the cloud gains much importance mostly at the demand of the customers for the data integrity that a third-party auditor (TPA) can be introduced to verify the data soundness. A present investigation introduced a secure and efficient auditing solution for cloud data under the Boneh-Lynn-Shacham (BLS) public identities to keep the information secure and at the same time perform auditing securely. this study restructured the public key equation with the signature equation in our proposed system so that there is an increment in complexity while quality execution speed is maintained, and the proposed system allows dynamic data processing in terms of insert, delete and modification. From the analysis of the system, which includes security and performance, the proposed system is very effective and safe.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1097-1107
Publish at: 2025-08-01

A compact five-band patch antenna covering WLAN, WiMAX, X, and Ku-bands

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.27017
Suthasinee; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khonkaen Campus Lamultree , Wutthipong; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khonkaen Campus Thanamalapong , Kanawat; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khonkaen Campus Nuangwongsa , Charinsak; Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Khonkaen Campus Saetiaw
This paper introduces a compact, low-profile, five-band antenna for wireless communication systems operating across 2.4/5 GHz WLAN, 3.5 GHz WiMax, and 7.5 GHz X- and Ku-band frequencies. The proposed antenna utilizes a novel configuration with a dual-overlapping rectangular patch coupled to a wide circular slot and an inverted L-shaped strip. Fabricated on a single-layer FR4 substrate (εr=4.3, thickness=1.6 mm), the antenna employs a 50-ohm coplanar waveguide feed, resulting in a compact footprint of 40×40×1.6 mm³. Experimental measurements and simulations demonstrate a bidirectional radiation pattern covering five distinct frequency bands: 2.4-2.485 GHz, 3.4-3.6 GHz, 5.15-5.825 GHz, 7.25-8.4 GHz, and 13.4-17.7 GHz. The antenna exhibits a return loss better than 10 dB across all bands and provides average gains of 1.78 dBi, 3.04 dBi, 3.4 dBi, 4.27 dBi, and 4.46 dBi, respectively. These results confirm the successful development of a five-band antenna with excellent performance characteristics, making it a promising candidate for 2.4/5 GHz WLAN, WiMax, and X- and Ku-band satellite communications, with automotive vehicles being one example.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 906-917
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Development and standardization of an attitudinal assessment scale for virtual laboratory integration in science education

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.32272
Thiyagu Kaliappan , Mary Vineetha Thomas , Santhosh Thangan , Srinivasan Padmanaban
The escalating adoption of virtual laboratories (V-Labs) within science education highlights an urgent need for an established metric to evaluate student attitudes toward their implementation. This research introduces a detailed attitudinal assessment scale, specifically designed to measure various aspects of student perceptions such as perceived effectiveness, satisfaction, pedagogical impact, usability, and overall influence on educational outcomes. The development process involved an elaborate procedure for generating items based on a thorough review of existing literature and insights from subject matter experts, followed by a pilot test conducted on a select cohort of science students aimed at refining the items. Employing stringent empirical methods including detailed item analysis and factor analysis, the research confirmed the scale's high reliability, evidenced by a Cronbach’s alpha of .983. Factor analysis identified five principal components that collectively encompass technological, psychological, and educational factors shaping student attitudes toward virtual labs. This scale is crucial for educators and administrators for effectively assessing and enhancing virtual lab integrations. It provides valuable insights that can inform the enhancement of virtual lab configurations, curriculum integration, and teaching strategies, ultimately improving student engagement and learning outcomes. The creation of this scale addresses a critical void in academic research by offering a standardized method to assess student attitudes and also paves the way for future investigations into the extensive implications of virtual labs in diverse educational settings and disciplines.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 2857-2868
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Continuous professional development for madrasa teacher professionalism: engaging motivation for engagement

10.11591/ijere.v14i4.33501
Syahraini Tambak , Desi Sukenti , Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak , Agustina Agustina , Khalilullah Amin Ahmad , Firdaus Firdaus , Miftah Syarif
Much research has been done on continuous professional development (CPD) madrasa (Islamic school) teachers, but incorporating motivation of engagement in future professions into them needs to be addressed. This study aims to determine CPD madrasa teachers based on the motivation to engage future professionals in teaching. This research used a phenomenological design involving 16 madrasa Aliyah teachers as informants. Data was collected by interviews with madrasa teachers and analyzed using a systematic design. This research shows that CPD madrasa teachers are related to organizing teaching and learning activities to improve teachers' abilities and competencies in carrying out professional duties and performing as educators. CPD should include skills using digital technology, ethics, and professional values, applying sharia principles, makarim sharia, and integrity in educating students. Madrasa teachers’ view of motivation for engagement in a future profession in CPD refers to the drive that teachers professionals have to continue to be committed to their profession and develop with the changes and demands of the times. The motivation for madrasa teachers’ future professional involvement and sustainable professional development is mutually reinforcing. Motivation becomes a driving force for madrasa teachers to engage in CPD, while CPD renews and strengthens madrasa teachers’ motivation by providing the skills and knowledge necessary to adapt to future challenges. In this way, motivation and CPD together support better quality education, increase job satisfaction for madrasa teachers, and ensure that teachers remain relevant and competent in facing developments in the world of education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 3171-3182
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Integrating artificial bee colony and cauchy algorithms for distribution network reconfiguration with soft open points

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26129
Nguyen; Electric Power University Tung Linh , Nguyen; Electric Power University Quynh Anh
Reconfiguring the distribution network by selecting open switch states is an effective approach to reduce power losses in the system. However, with the rise of distributed energy resources such as photovoltaic and wind turbines and dynamic loads such as electric vehicles, which introduce uncertainties, it has become necessary to integrate standard operating procedures (SOPs) to better control power flows. This study proposes an algorithm that combines the artificial bee colony (ABC) and Cauchy opposition-based learning (OBL) algorithms to solve the optimization problem of determining both the location and capacity of SOPs, alongside reconfiguring the distribution network. The primary objective is to minimize power losses while improving power quality and system reliability. The proposed methodology was validated on the IEEE 33-node and 69-node distribution networks under seven varied operational scenarios, evaluating outcomes both with and without the integration of SOPs. The findings demonstrate that installing SOPs optimally reduces power losses, enhances system reliability, and maintains voltage levels within acceptable limits. The integration of the two algorithms also accelerates the convergence process, increasing computational speed and avoiding local optimization issues. When compared with other methods, the proposed algorithm delivers similar performance but with faster computation times and fewer iterations, making it more efficient and reliable.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1069-1083
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Grid search vs Bayesian optimization for intensity scoring classification and channel recommendation prediction

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26341
Kelly; Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Mae , Dinar; Universitas Multimedia Nusantara Ajeng Kristiyanti
Technological advancement has spurred financial technology growth, transforming traditional financial operations into digital. Peer-to-peer (P2P) lending is a key fintech solution offering online loans, though it struggles with repayment issues due to customer financial instability. To overcome these challenges, XYZ is a startup that focuses on enhancing the efficiency of collections and communication with customers. XYZ necessitates the implementation of a collection intensity scoring (CIS) model and a prediction model for interaction on recommended communication channels in order to optimize the collection process. This study evaluates the performance of grid search and Bayesian optimization on random forest (RF) classification models and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) regressor prediction models. RF and KNN regressor algorithms optimization are necessary to enhance their performance in CIS classification and channel recommendation prediction. The research stages follow the cross industry standard process-data mining (CRISP-DM) framework, which consists of business understanding, data understanding, data preparation, modeling, and evaluation. The model performance is assessed by accuracy and mean absolute error (MAE). The results of this study show that Bayesian optimization surpasses grid search, enhancing the accuracy of the RF model to 98.34% and reducing the MAE of the KNN regressor model to 0.24530.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1020-1031
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Optimizing signal conversion in uniform FBGs with InGaAs photodetectors for medical sensors

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26164
Tengku; Universitas Riau Emrinaldi , Bambang; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Widiyatmoko , Bunga; Universitas Riau Meyzia , Sumiaty; Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Ambran , Saktioto; Universitas Riau Saktioto , Mohamad; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Syahadi , Agitta; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Rianaris , Dwi; National Research and Innovation Agency, KST BJ HABIBIE Hanto
This study experimentally interrogates the spectral response of uniform fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) with varying reflectivity levels of 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% under controlled environmental stimuli. The objective is to elucidate the influence of reflectivity on the wavelength shift behavior of FBGs and to inform the optimal interrogation of these elements with indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs) photodetectors in high-performance sensing systems. Utilizing high-precision measurement procedures and specialized instrumentation, the experiments revealed that the magnitude and pattern of wavelength shifts are significantly influenced by FBG reflectivity. Specifically, lower reflectivity enhances sensitivity, while higher reflectivity contributes to greater spectral stability. These findings highlight the critical role of reflectivity in shaping the spectral modulation characteristics of FBGs, establishing a critical theoretical framework for precision optical sensor systems. The outcomes give significant contributions to the design and calibration of FBG-based sensors, particularly biomedical applications where precision and responsiveness are paramount.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1058-1068
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Design of a soft circular patch antenna operating in the 60 GHz band for 5G/6G applications

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26722
Salah-Eddine; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Didi , Imane; LSEED Laboratory Halkhams , Abdelhafid; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Es-Saqy , Mohammed; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Fattah , Said; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University Mazer , Moulhime; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University El Bekkali
5G/6G technologies require higher-performance antennas in terms of bandwidth, gain, radiation, compact size, efficiency, and low cost. At the same time, fewer natural disturbances, such as rain and snow, and fewer non-natural disturbances. This is the challenge facing scientific research into antenna design and manufacture. In addition, in this paper we study and design a flexible circular microstrip patch antenna operating in the 60 GHz band for 5G/6G applications. This antenna is based on a biosourced substrate for industrial, scientific, and medical applications. For this study, we will use two techniques: one concerns the deformation of the ground plane deformation of the ground plane and substrate to improve the electrical performance of a proposed antenna. At the same time, the other is the parametric study of the appropriate position of a coaxial feed probe. This technique has the advantage of requiring no radiation contrition on the part of the coaxial probe. Next, specialized high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) simulation software is used to design this antenna; it has a wide bandwidth above 3 GHz, a gain of 7.41 dB, a directivity of 7.53 dB, a radiated power of 13.55 dBm, an accepted power of 13.67 dBm, an incident power of 15.08 dBm, a radiation efficiency of 97.29 % and an efficiency of 98.4 %.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 1120-1127
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Energy scavenging-aided NOMA uplink communications: performance analysis

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26822
Huu; Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City Q. Tran , Khuong; Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT) Ho-Van
Energy scavenging-aided nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) networks significantly ameliorate energy-and-spectral efficiencies thanks to superimposing a multitude of user signals for concurrent transmission and harvesting radio frequency energy. Practically, energy harvesters possess non-linear characteristic and their efficiency is enhanced considerably with deployment of multiple antennas. Moreover, communication reliability and harvested energy are directly influenced by wireless propagation which induces simultaneous effects of shadowing, path loss, and fading. Accordingly, the current paper assesses analytically outage probability and throughput of energy scavenging (ES)-aided NOMA uplink communications (eNOMAu) taking into account the above-addressed realistic factors (κ − µ shadowed fading, multi-antenna deployment, ES nonlinearity). The results reveal considerable performance degradation caused by ES non-linearity and wireless propagation. Additionally, desired system performance can be reached flexibly with appropriate specification selection. In addition, accreting a quantity of antennas drastically mitigates the outage probability of eNOMAu, which can be minimized with optimal ES time selection. Furthermore, the proposed eNOMAu is considerably superior to its eOMAu counterpart.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 918-931
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Energy analysis and comparative study of n-wheel graphs in hierarchical wireless sensor network architectures

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26499
Jerlinkasmir; Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Rubancharles , Naseema Valiyaveettil; KMEA Engineering college Abdul Lathief , Veninstine; Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences Vivik Joseph
The energy analysis of the newly introduced n-wheel graph, employs diverse matrix representations such as the adjacency matrix, Laplacian matrix, and maximum degree matrix. This novel graph model resembles a hierarchical wireless sensor network (WSN), with a central hub serving as the communication center. The graph is organized into cycles, reflecting tiers of devices or sensors, with the hub managing wireless communication across these tiers. Through comparative analysis of energy variations, particularly focusing on ordinary energy, Laplacian energy, and maximum degree energy, offers a deeper understanding on the potential benefits of the n-wheel graph model, guiding future research and practical applications in the design of advanced hierarchical network structures.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 932-942
Publish at: 2025-08-01

A novel-shaped THz MIMO antenna with high bandwidth for advanced 6G wireless application

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26559
Kamal Hossain; Daffodil International University Nahin , Jamal; Daffodil International University Hossain Nirob , Md. Ashraful; Daffodil International University Haque , Narinderjit Singh; INTI International University Sawaran Singh , Redwan Al Mahmud; Daffodil International University Bin Asad Ananta , Md. Kawsar; Daffodil International University Ahmed , Md. Sharif; Daffodil International University Ahammed , Liton; Pabna University of Science and Technology Chandra Paul
This article presents an industrial and innovation highly efficient drone shaped slotted graphene-based multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with improved isolation, designed for high-speed short-range communication, video rate imaging, medical imaging, and explosive detection in the THz band. The proposed antenna is constructed on an 88×244 μm2 polyimide substrate. Key performance parameters such as reflection coefficient, gain, directivity, radiation pattern, and antenna efficiency are evaluated at the resonating frequencies of 1.7 THz, 3.35 THz, and 5.31 THz, covering a wide bandwidth of 4.88 THz with a reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB. The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 13.92 dB and a radiation efficiency of 95.77% within the resonating band. The MIMO design parameters include an envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) of 0.00015, a diversity gain (DG) of 9.9992, and an isolation of less than -31.55 dB between its elements across the entire bandwidth. The outcomes from CST simulations were verified by designing and simulating a similar resistance-inductance-capacitance (RLC) circuit in advanced design system (ADS), with both simulators producing comparable reflection coefficients. These features underscore the potential of the proposed antenna, utilizing simulations and an equivalent RLC circuit model, as a robust candidate for THz band applications in 6G wireless communication.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 847-856
Publish at: 2025-08-01

Business intelligence system model to measure the performance of lecturers’ scientific publications

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26221
Miwan Kurniawan; Universitas Bina Sarana Informatika Hidayat , Dedy; Universitas Trisakti Sugiarto , Rina; Universitas Trisakti Fitriana , Yun-Chia; Yuan Ze University Liang
Scientific publication data is sourced from the SINTA website to measure the performance of journals, institutions, and researchers in Indonesia. Accessing and analyzing data for institutional needs is restricted, and lecturer development patterns based on lecturer characteristics remain untapped. The study aims to analyze and design business intelligence system models to measure the performance of scientific publications using dimensional models, clustering, on-line analytical processing (OLAP), and prototyping. Research methods are carried out through data and information needs analysis, data warehouse design, data mining and OLAP application, business intelligence system development, and system evaluation. The resulting dimensional models are the researcher index model, the researcher score model, the publication article model, and the research subject model. Measurements of data size and processing time show that the star schema has data of 336 KB and a processing time of 0.00554 seconds, is the best model compared to the snowflake’s schema, which has data of 368 KB and a processing time of 0.00611 seconds. Davies–Bouldin Index (DBI) measurements show the best clustering performance is the X-means algorithm with K as many as 5 clusters (Kmin=3, Kmax=5) and a DBI value of 0.537040.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 954-964
Publish at: 2025-08-01

An extensive framework for assessing the quality of websites

10.12928/telkomnika.v23i4.26374
Sasi; CMR College of Engineering and Technology Bhanu Jammalamadaka , Bala Krishna; MLR Institute of Technology Kamesh Duvvuri , Sastry Kodanda; Koneru Laksmaiah Education Foundation University Rama Jammalamadaka , Vishnu; Koneru Laksmaiah Education Foundation University Priya Biyyapu
The quality of the website is quite important in generating customer satisfaction and loyalty. A website’s quality depends on several factors, features, and characteristics. Several computational methods are necessary to evaluate the quality of each factor and subsequently determine the overall quality of the entire website. Each factor does not contribute to the same level of quality required by the end users and thus requires a weighting system. Expert systems, which are either manually defined or learnt using artificial intelligence (AI), are to be modelled for assessing the quality of a factor/sub-factor or characteristics of a sub-factor. The quality of a website varies depending on the context. Context-based quality assessment of the websites is required. There is a need to generate example sets to assess the quality of websites and to establish relationships between web-related quality factors, subfactors, and characteristics. In this paper, a comprehensive framework is presented that caters to parametric structure building and mapping, parsers for computing characteristic values, context assessment, building expert systems, and learning models for assessing the quality of websites and weighing the factors that have specific significance on the quality of the website.
Volume: 23
Issue: 4
Page: 986-999
Publish at: 2025-08-01
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