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Development of a remote physics laboratory to support equitable access to education

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.32384
Ishafit Ishafit , Moh Irma Sukarelawan , Toni Kus Indratno , Ariati Dina Puspitasari , Yoga Dwi Prabowo
Economic disparities and variations in geographical conditions in Indonesia exacerbate access to physics laboratories. Therefore, innovative solutions such as remote physics laboratories are needed to bridge this gap and provide more equitable access to students across the region, regardless of economic or geographical conditions. To overcome this, this research aims to develop a remote physics laboratory for equitable access to quality physics experiments. This research includes 4D model development research. The research subjects involved five students for the functionality test, 84 people for the user test, and ten media experts to assess the feasibility of the product. The instruments used include functionality test instruments, media expert assessments, and usefulness, satisfaction, and ease of use (USE) questionnaires. Tool functionality data and media expert validation were analyzed using the Aiken V technique. At the same time, the level of user acceptance was examined through a combination of Wright maps and logit item values. This development resulted in a remote physics experiment architecture and device with a good functionality assessment index. The assessment by media experts showed high validity. The level of user acceptance is classified in the medium to high category. Thus, the developed R-PhyLab has the potential to be an effective medium in equalizing access to quality physics laboratories in educational institutions that face economic limitations and unfavorable geographical conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1930-1938
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Set up of a secondary on-board charger fed by PV DC station with grid injection for fast charging the recent city cars

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp683-694
Mohamed Arrach , Fatima Ezzahra Tahiri , Abdesslam Lokriti , Khalid Chikh
In this article, we propose a secondary high-power charger provided by a photovoltaic source with grid connection. The high-power charger is composed of a phase shift full bridge (PSFB) DC-DC converter controlled by a constant voltage constant current algorithm based on PI control. The first stage is composed of a PV panel source, controlled by a fuzzy logic using a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm, associated with a synchronous boost converter to set up the voltage at the standard common 400 V bus level. While the charger is a second stage composed of a phase shift converter for step down and adapting the voltage and the charging current for the battery of the urban electric car. We have also proposed the grid connection with a simple optimization to inject the generated power into the electrical grid when no car is connected to the power station. To achieve this goal, simulation results of the proposed configuration control techniques by using the MATLAB/Simulink environment are presented and discussed at the end of this paper.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 683-694
Publish at: 2025-06-01

In-depth evaluation and enhancement of a PV-wind combined system: A case study at the Engineering Faculty of Wahid Hasyim University

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1274-1283
Moch Subchan Mauludin , Moh. Khairudin , Rustam Asnawi , Yuki Trisnoaji , Singgih Dwi Prasetyo , Safira Rusyda Azizah , Rayie Tariaranie Wiraguna
Energy sustainability is crucial for mitigating climate change and reducing dependence on fossil fuels. This research evaluates a hybrid renewable energy system combining photovoltaic (PV) technology and wind turbines to meet the electricity demand of Wahid Hasyim University's Faculty of Engineering, totalling 555,000 VA. Using HOMER Pro software, the study identifies the optimal configuration based on technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The hybrid system integrating PV, wind turbines, batteries, and converters achieves the lowest Net Present Cost (NPC) of $214,877 and a Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) of $0.0185/kWh, outperforming grid-only systems. Environmentally, the system significantly reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, from 559,226 kg/yr in conventional systems to 62,452 kg/yr. Solar energy contributes 56% of electricity generation, leveraging stable solar radiation of 4.28–5.54 kWh/m²/day. Additionally, an annual surplus of 156,350 kWh can be sold back to the grid, enhancing operational efficiency. This study demonstrates that hybrid renewable energy systems deliver long-term cost efficiency and significantly mitigate climate impacts. It provides a sustainable energy model for campuses in Indonesia and worldwide, particularly in regions with abundant solar resources.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1274-1283
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Simulation and analysis of wind energy potential for turbine systems in Pekanbaru-Indonesia based on MATLAB Simulink

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1341-1347
Nicholas Pranata , Fahmy Rinanda Saputri
The widespread use of electricity today, which is primarily generated from fossil fuels, results in significant environmental consequences due to excessive consumption. Renewable energy has been proposed as a solution to mitigate this issue. In Indonesia, particularly in Pekanbaru City, the demand for electricity currently exceeds the supply. However, this region has substantial potential for renewable energy sources. This study presents the modeling and analysis of wind energy, specifically wind turbine systems, using MATLAB Simulink. The methodology involves identifying existing problems, collecting technical data relevant to Pekanbaru and turbine components, and designing the turbine system within MATLAB Simulink. The results of this system indicate a mechanical power output of 1,191 watts, along with a calculated torque of 48.63 Nm. These findings suggest that the system is suitable for small-scale electricity needs. Further research and considerations are necessary to optimize the design and application of turbine systems for sustainable energy production. By improving the efficiency and scalability of wind energy systems, Indonesia can better address its energy deficit while reducing the environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel consumption.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1341-1347
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Battery integrated three input high gain DC-DC converter for renewable energy sources

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1024-1037
Azuka Affam , Yonis M. Yonis Buswig , Al-Khalid Othman , Shanti Faridah Salleh , Hazrul Mohamed Basri , Norhuzaimin Julai , Kasumawati Lias
In this work, a battery-integrated three-input converter is proposed. The topology combines a traditional boost converter on one side with a non-coupled inductor-based buffer stage on the other side. Some merits of the converter are a high voltage gain, a high output voltage in the battery discharging mode, and a wide range of output voltage. The bidirectional port makes it attractive for renewable energy (RE) sources like solar and fuel cells. The converter can operate in three modes that are determined by the availability of RE sources and the battery state of charge (SOC). The power management algorithm enabled the converter to work in either single-input, double-input, or three-input configurations. The duty ratios of assigned power switches controlled the output voltage and the battery charge/discharge. Steady-state analyses and dynamic modeling are presented and discussed. At 12 V and 24 V input voltage, the output voltage of 315.52 V was delivered in the battery-excluded mode. The battery discharging mode delivered 311.57 V while the battery charging mode delivered 301.32 V. The proposed converter can serve low to medium power voltage/power applications. The hardware experiments verify the workings of the proposed converter.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1024-1037
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Enhancement of large PV-integrated grid stability using an advanced UPQC

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1184-1195
Vijay Kumar Kalal , Shankaralingappa Channappa Byalihal
This paper presents an enhancement to the stability of large PV-integrated grids using an advanced power quality control system. The proposed unified power quality conditioner (UPQC) system control technique combines synchronous reference frame (SRF) theory and modified unit vector template generation (MUVTG), supplemented by an additional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller to regulate reactive power flow to the grid. The results indicate a reduction in the total harmonic distortion (THD) levels. The study also demonstrates the system’s stability for different harmonic orders and various cases of voltage sag and swell, in compliance with IEEE standards. The proposed approach effectively addresses power quality issues and achieves a THD of 0.30%, meeting the IEEE-519 standards using MATLAB Simulink.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1184-1195
Publish at: 2025-06-01

A review of research on environmental awareness based on bibliometric analysis: initiation, progress and future

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.30037
Ömer Cem Karacaoğlu , Aysun Aynur Yılmaz , Abdulkadir Özkaya
“Environmental awareness” (EA) is an important factor in helping to eliminate environmental problems and mobilizing individuals and communities. This study addresses the vast literature on EA by presenting a bibliometric analysis of 564 EA studies in the social science citation index (SSCI) in the Web of Science (WoS) database. The study started with a query of EA-related publications in the WoS database and included an exploration stage covering topics such as distribution by years, most cited journals, publishing countries and active universities. The second stage involved the visualization of EA research on keywords through analysis and visual maps using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer software. The third stage involves naming the constructs and identifying their main characteristics. The analysis of keywords and the cluster names made in the light of these words provide a broad perspective of EA research. The final stage, validation, aims to determine the validity of the constructs based on the relationships between concepts. The overall results of the study show that EA research is influential across the world and is shaped around various themes. The identified themes guide future research and policymaking by emphasizing environmental education, sustainability, early childhood education, active learning, and interdisciplinary collaboration.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1770-1789
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Context–based learning–a case study in the Central Highlands, Vietnam

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.31703
Do Huong Tra , Nguyen Thi Thanh Phuong , Phung Viet Hai , H’ Na My Nie
The Central Highlands (Vietnam) harbors a diverse array of traditional musical instruments belonging to 13 ethnic minority groups. However, this invaluable cultural heritage faces the imminent threat of being forgotten and lost due to the lack of generational transmission among the youth. Consequently, the preservation and development of these instruments have become a critical priority for the education sector. This study implemented context-based learning (CBL) approach in teaching the topic of sound-natural science in 7th-grade, to encourage students to engage in addressing issues related to the preservation of traditional musical instruments within their local communities. Through observations and in-depth interviews with nine “E De” ethnic minority students, the study found that students exhibited a strong interest in learning to craft and play traditional instruments. They recognized the importance of this learning in contributing to cultural preservation and demonstrated the ability to apply scientific knowledge effectively in the crafting and utilizing of these instruments. These findings underscore the potential of CBL as a powerful educational model for teaching cultural heritage in other countries. This approach not only deepens students’ understanding of cultural values and social responsibility but also fosters mutual understanding and respect among different cultures on a global scale.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1972-1984
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Economic and ecological constraints of hybrid systems with Bayesian networks

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1314-1324
Amadou Fousseyni Toure , Abdoulaye Sissoko , Fadaba Danioko , David Tchoffa , Abderrahman El Mhamedi
To confront climate change and the shortage of fossil fuels, countries are turning to renewable energies, particularly solar energy, which is an abundant, inexhaustible energy with a low environmental impact. In Mali, hydraulic and thermal energy sources are insufficient, and the country has been facing a huge energy crisis in recent years. For this reason, the production of solar energy is a major solution. This work proposes a photovoltaic system coupled to the national distribution network to reduce this energy crisis or even resolve it definitively. A preliminary analysis was carried out to define the technical, economic, and ecological conditions for the construction of a 30 MW solar power plant at three interconnection points of the national distribution network of Mali. The objective of this analysis is to determine the economic and ecological constraints of the proposed hybrid system. For modeling, we used the Bayesian network, and for simulation, the BayesienLab simulation tool was used. The simulation results showed a considerable contribution of these three solar power plants in terms of energy deficits, economic deficits, and climate change.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1314-1324
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Optimal annual solar PV penetration for improved voltage regulation and power loss reduction under uncertainty conditions

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1147-1159
Saleh Ba-swaimi , Renuga Verayiah , Vigna K. Ramachandaramurthy , Saeed Ali Binajjaj , Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Given their technological, economic, and environmental advantages, the widespread adoption of renewable distributed generators (RDGs) in distribution systems (DSs) is becoming more prevalent. However, Solar photovoltaic distributed generators (PV-DGs) face the challenge of intermittent behavior, which results in power output fluctuations and increased grid uncertainty. Therefore, addressing these uncertainties is crucial when determining their optimal allocation. The proposed method considers uncertainties related to both load demand and solar irradiation. The model is formulated as a stochastic mixed-integer nonlinear optimization problem, which is solved using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). The standard IEEE 33-bus system is used to validate the proposed approach, and demand variations are modeled based on the IEEE reliability test system (IEEE-RTS). The objective is to simultaneously minimize total expected voltage deviation, real power loss, and reactive power loss while increasing solar PV penetration. The technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS) is applied to select the best solution. Simulated results indicate significant improvements: a 19.39% reduction in voltage deviation, an 18.42% decrease in total real power loss, and an 18.53% reduction in reactive power loss compared to the base case. Additionally, the model accommodates a total of 3.206625 MW of solar PV power in the DS.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1147-1159
Publish at: 2025-06-01

A modified circulating current suppression control based on MMC grid connected using NLM

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1051-1060
H. A. Hasan , Riyadh Kamil Chillab , Ahmed K. Hannan , Abdelrahman Farghly
High total harmonic distortion (THD) occurs when conventional circulating current suppression and modulation strategies fail to control arm circulating current in a modular multilevel converter (MMC) controlled by a virtual synchronous generator. This paper proposed a joint circulating current suppression technique that improves the proportional resonant controller's control mode and introduces the nearest level approach modulation (NLM) strategy for arm circulating current rectification. The MATLAB/Simulink program is used to conduct the simulations. The results show that: when the grid frequency does not fluctuate, the joint suppression strategy's arm current THD is 2.79%, 0.92% lower than the quasi-proportional resonant controller's (QPRC) THD; under primary frequency modulation, the suggested strategy's THD of the a-phase current is 1.75%, 1.03% lower than the QPRC's THD. Under typical operating conditions and with primary frequency management of the grid-type MMC, the results show that the proposed combined circulating current suppression technique may successfully lower total harmonic distortion (THD), eliminate bridge arm circulating current, and improve power quality.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1051-1060
Publish at: 2025-06-01

A novel adaptive control scheme for dynamic voltage restorer

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp1083-1093
Tummala Kranti Kiran , Balakrishnan Rajagopal , Yerramilli Butchi Raju
This study introduces a novel approach to improve the performance of the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) using a control structure based on the inverse hyperbolic sine function-based least mean square (IHSF-LMS). The proposed control structure efficiently extracts the fundamental source voltage component with rapid convergence. The primary objective of this control scheme is to enhance compensation capability and maintain load voltage stability. Key features include superior steady-state performance and heightened robustness with reduced computational complexity. This approach achieves a reduction in peak overshoot and settling time compared to the traditional LMS method. The validation of system performance is conducted through MATLAB/Simulink simulations, demonstrating compliance with the IEEE-519-2014 standards for harmonic spectra.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 1083-1093
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Project-based environmental module for indigenous students in Malaysia

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.32047
Low Suan Ee , Nor Hasniza Ibrahim , Johari Surif , Abdul Halim Abdullah , Corrienna Abdul Talib
The removal of forests has become a major challenge for indigenous students in Malaysia called Orang asli. The younger generations of Orang asli need to equip themselves with relevant knowledge to deal with changes within their living environment. However, they faced difficulties during learning such as irrelevant curriculum, lack of materials and inappropriate approaches. A project-based environmental module is constructed which employs the analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate (ADDIE) instructional model with three projects: the construction of habitat, soil acidity and infiltration of pesticides. This study aimed to develop this module and assess its suitability to inculcate scientific attitudes and noble values among the Orang asli primary six students. The data were collected through validation questionnaires that were given to three validators. The data obtained are further analyzed to identify their improvement towards the module. The validation results show that the module is very feasible (85.83%) to be used. Many opine that this module creates a learning experience for them through scientific reasoning, inquiring, cooperating, and decision-making so that they find the relevancy of knowledge in the Orang asli context. The enhancement of this module provides useful educational guidance to learn environmental knowledge from a scientific perspective.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2042-2050
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Effect of integrating student-developed videos into a virtual environment

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.32637
Khoo Yin Yin , Mohamad Rohieszan Ramdan
Many users experience loneliness’ and feel disconnected from teachers and friends during online learning. Lack of engagement between teacher and students can hinder learning and lead to unpleasant feelings such as anxiety and a lack of motivation. Hence, some lecturers require students to develop videos in pairs and share them with peers. The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of integrating of student-developed videos into a virtual environment. The quasi-experimental method with was conducted to investigate students’ perceptions of interest, motivation, engagement and performance. A total of 333 students was divided into experimental and control group. Results showed a positive impact of this approach, which can draw out students’ creativity and their understanding of the content knowledge to integrate these with information and communication technology skills. Examination of the qualitative results suggest that the students need to be closely monitored while making the video to prevent free-riders. This study also recommends that the design of the video must be integrated into the course in order to achieve the learning outcome. This study contributed to literature on the effect of student-developed videos.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2369-2380
Publish at: 2025-06-01

LQG-based optimal control approach of an electronic throttle valves using DC servo system

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i2.pp882-890
Van Du Phan , Van Nam Dinh , Phuc Ngoc Nguyen , Dinh Tu Duong , Hung Cuong Ta , Dinh Cong Le , Ho Vinh Pham , Huu Thang Nguyen
A direct current (DC) motor is used for automotive electronic throttle valves (AETV) to adjust incoming air into the engine’s combustion system, which has many advantages such as smooth, fast response, and simplicity. However, high-accuracy tracking control for AETV faces various obstacles because of the nonlinear features, hard identification, and noise. In this paper, a model of the AETV with four states in the form of a state space is developed. Then, a Kalman filter is formulated to eliminate the impact of measurement noise. The Kalman filter gain is obtained via the solve the linear quadratic gaussian (LQG) equation. Next, the optimal control based linear quadratic regulation (LQR) and Kalman filter are presented in which the control gain is constructed by the Riccati equation with the assistance of MATLAB/Simulink software. Finally, simulation studies are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of the suggested method for the AETV system with other control strategies.
Volume: 16
Issue: 2
Page: 882-890
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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