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29,082 Article Results

Improving time-domain winner-take-all circuit for neuromorphic computing systems

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5173-5182
Son Ngoc Truong , Tu Tien Ngo
With the rapid advancements of information processing systems, winner- take-all (WTA) circuits have emerged as essential components in a wide range of cognitive functions and decision-making applications. Neuromorphic computing systems, inspired by the biological brain, utilize WTA circuits as selective mechanisms that identify and retain the strongest signal while suppressing all others. In this study, we present an effective time-domain WTA circuit with optimized multiple-input NOT AND (NAND) gate and delay circuit for neuromorphic computing applications. The circuit is evaluated using sinusoidal current inputs with varying phase delays, which successfully demonstrating precise winner selection. When applied to neuromorphic image recognition task, the enhanced time-domain WTA achieves an improvement of 0.2% in precision while significantly reducing power consumption, yielding a low figure of merit (FoM) of 0.03 µW/MHz, compared to the previous study with FoM of 0.25 µW/MHz. The optimized WTA circuit is highly promising for large-scale neuromorphic applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5173-5182
Publish at: 2025-12-01

A telemedicine platform empowered by 5G mobile networks for Tunisian rural places

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5433-5442
Ibrahim Monia , Dadi Mohamed Bechir , Rhaimi Belgacem Chibani
A telemedicine platform needed to be developed to address the various challenges faced by patients in rural areas, such as the lack of specialist doctors, the distance to healthcare and the time spent accessing it, which can present a risk to their lives, especially for those with chronic illnesses. For its realization, we used Laravel 11, a framework that offers powerful features for building modern, high-performance applications. To enable seamless real-time communication, we integrated Laravel reverb, a robust package supporting live interactions, updates, and notifications. The database uses MySQL 8 in combination with PHP 8.2, ensuring performance, scalability, and reliability. The strengths of our systems compared with existing Tunisian platforms are real-time interaction between patient and doctor thanks to 5G, ensuring the transfer of data and access at the same time, real- time communications such as video and audio calls, live notifications and instant messaging.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5433-5442
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Integration of ultra-wideband elliptical antenna with frequency selective surfaces array for performance improvement in wireless communication

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5515-5523
Saleh Omar , Chokri Baccouch , Rhaimi Belgacem Chibani
The integration of frequency selective surfaces (FSS) with antennas has gained significant attention due to its ability to enhance key radio frequency (RF) performance parameters such as gain, directivity, and bandwidth, making it highly beneficial for modern wireless communication systems. In this work, we propose and investigate an ultra-wideband (UWB) elliptical antenna operating within the 5.2 to 10 GHz frequency range. To further improve its performance, we integrate the antenna with a 13×13 FSS array. The impact of the FSS on the antenna’s characteristics is analyzed, showing a remarkable gain enhancement from 2.6 dBi (without FSS) to 10.05 dBi (with FSS). These results confirm the effectiveness of FSS integration in optimizing UWB antenna performance, making it a promising approach for advanced wireless communication applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5515-5523
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Design and implementation of a modern modulation technique for modular multilevel converters

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5249-5257
Kishore Parapelly , Mahalakshmi C. , Venu Madhav Gopala
The phase opposition disposition (POD) modulation technique is a sophisticated control strategy employed in modular multilevel converters (MMCs) to achieve high-quality output waveforms with minimized harmonic distortion. POD modulation employs numerous triangular carrier signals, positioned such that carriers above the zero-reference point are in phase, while those below are 180 degrees out of phase. This unique arrangement reduces even-order harmonics and enhances the overall power quality. By comparing a common sinusoidal reference signal with these phase-opposed carriers, pulse width modulation (PWM) signals are generated to control the insertion and bypassing of sub modules within the MMC. The modular structure and balanced switching pattern of POD modulation ensure efficient thermal management and reduced electrical stress on the components, significantly improving the reliability and lifespan of the converter. The technique’s inherent scalability and flexibility make it particularly suitable for renewable energy integration, HVDC systems, and industrial motor drives. This paper explores the principles, implementation, and advantages of the POD modulation technique in enhancing the performance and efficiency of MMCs in modern power electronics.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5249-5257
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Prediction of peripheral arterial disease through non-invasive diagnostic approach

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5782-5791
Sobhana Mummaneni , Lalitha Devi Katakam , Pali Ramya Sri , Mounika Lingamallu , Smitha Chowdary Ch , D.N.V.S.L.S Indira
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a cardiovascular condition caused by arterial blockages and poor blood circulation, increasing the risk of severe complications such as stroke, heart attack, and limb ischemia. Early and accurate detection is essential to prevent disease progression and improve patient outcomes. This study introduces a non-invasive diagnostic method using laser doppler flowmetry (LDF), electrocardiography (ECG), and photoplethysmography (PPG) to assess vascular health. LDF measures microvascular blood flow, ECG evaluates heart rate variability, and PPG captures pulse waveform characteristics. Key physiological features such as blood flow variability, pulse transit time, and hemodynamic responses are extracted and analyzed using machine learning. Random forest and XGBoost models are employed and combined using ensemble learning to classify individuals into non-PAD, moderate PAD, and severe PAD categories. A comparative evaluation shows that the ensemble model delivers superior classification accuracy. This integrated system offers a fast, reliable screening tool that supports early PAD detection and intervention. By combining multimodal signal analysis with machine learning, the approach enhances diagnostic precision and provides a scalable solution for preventive cardiovascular care.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5782-5791
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Solar powered internet of things-based heart rate monitoring system employing electrocardiogram signal analysis

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5942-5953
Suziana Ahmad , Ahmad Alif Ahmad Aina , Shahrul Hisyam Marwan , Rosziana Hashim , Nurul Syuhada Shari
Electrocardiogram (ECG) test is used to record the electrical activity of a human heart for determining any problems with irregular heartbeat patterns and other cardiovascular conditions. This project deals with the implementation of an Internet of things (IoT) enabled ECG monitoring system with solar supply that can identify heart rate deviations from normal values (40 BPM, 80 BPM and 120 BMP) utilizing simulated ECG signals. The ECG data acquisition is done by using KL-76001 biomedical measurement training system, KL-75001 ECG module and multiparameter simulator MS400. The acquired ECG signals are processed through Python software to detect R-peaks and R-R interval. The counts of these R-R peaks are utilized in conjunction with the Blynk IoT platform, employing an ESP8266 module for monitoring via a mobile application and LCD display. The system was tested for detecting and monitoring three heart conditions which are bradycardia, normal, and tachycardia and successfully demonstrated alert capabilities for these conditions.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5942-5953
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Frequency response-based optimization of PID controllers for enhanced fluid control system performance

10.11591/ijape.v14.i4.pp1058-1070
Herri Trisna Frianto , Syahrul Humaidi , Kerista Tarigan , Dadan Ramdan , Doli Bonardo
Temperature and viscosity variations are known to affect the performance of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers in fluid systems. However, there exist gaps in research relative to the thermal effects on the performance of PID based fluid systems. PID controllers are also utilized for fluid control to maintain stability and improve performance. This study aims to explore the influence of temperature and viscosity variations through frequency response analysis for the first time in this regard. Utilizing a controlled experimental setup, gain and phase values were measured across different temperature points. Bode and Nyquist plots were generated to observe system behavior, stability, and response to changes in temperature and fluid viscosity. The results show a clear inverse relationship between temperature and gain, with a notable phase lag increase as temperature rises. At 25 °C, the gain was measured at 15.83 dB with a phase of -52.63°, which gradually reduced to a gain of 13 dB and a phase of -61.53° at 80 °C. The Nyquist analysis revealed stable operation within this temperature range, but the shift in response indicates increased system vulnerability as viscosity decreases with rising temperature. The derived linear equations effectively model the gain-phase relationship, with an R² of 0.9985, suggesting a highly accurate fit. Overall, the study concludes that temperature-induced viscosity changes significantly impact PID-controlled fluid systems, emphasizing the need for adaptive control strategies in fluctuating environments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Page: 1058-1070
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Exploring feature selection method for microarray classification

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5584-5593
Muhammad Zaky Hakim Akmal , Devi Fitrianah
Effectively selecting features from high-dimensional microarray data is essential for accurate cancer detection. This study explores the pivotal role of feature selection in improving the accuracy of classifying microarray data for ovarian cancer detection. Utilizing machine learning techniques and microarray technology, the research aims to identify subtle gene expression patterns that indicate ovarian cancer. The research explores the utilization of principal component analysis (PCA) for dimensionality reduction and compares the effectiveness of feature selection techniques such as artificial bee colony (ABC) and sequential forward floating selection (SFFS). The dataset used in this study comprises of 15154 genes, 253 instances, and 2 classes related to ovarian cancer. Through a comprehensive analysis, the study aims to optimize the classification process and improve the early detection of ovarian cancer. Moreover, the study presents the classification accuracy results obtained by PCA, ABC, and SFFS. While PCA achieved an accuracy of 96% and SFFS yielded a classification accuracy of 98%, ABC demonstrated the highest classification accuracy of 100%. These findings underscore the effectiveness of ABC as the preferred choice for feature selection in improving the classification accuracy of ovarian cancer detection using microarray data.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5584-5593
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Combination of rough set and cosine similarity approaches in student graduation prediction

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp6001-6011
Ratna Yulika Go , Tinuk Andriyanti Asianto , Dewi Setiowati , Ranny Meilisa , Christine Cecylia Munthe , R. Hendra Kusumawardhana
Higher education institutions must deliver high-quality education that produces graduates who are knowledgeable, skilled, creative, and competitive. In this system, students are a vital asset, and their timely graduation rate is an important factor to consider. In the department of computer science, a challenge arises in distinguishing between students who graduate on time and those who do not. With a low on-time graduation rate of just 1.90% out of 158 graduates, this issue could negatively affect the institution's accreditation evaluation. This research employs the Case-Based Reasoning method, enhanced with an indexing process using rough sets and a prediction process utilizing cosine similarity. The testing, conducted using k-fold validation with 60%, 70%, and 80% of the data, produced average accuracy rates of 64.2%, 66.3%, and 65.6%, respectively. The test results indicate that the highest average accuracy of 66.3% was achieved with 70% of the cases.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 6001-6011
Publish at: 2025-12-01

On big data predictive analytics-trends, perspectives, and challenges

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5978-5985
Yassine Benlachmi , Abdelaziz El Yazidi , Abdallah Rhattoy , Moulay Lahcen Hasnaoui
The world is experiencing explosive growth in numerous sectors such as healthcare, engineering, scientific studies, business, social networking. This growth is causing an immense surge in data generation too. And with the emergence of technologies like internet of things (IoT), Mobile, and cloud computing, the volume of data being produced is skyrocketing. However, making sense of this colossal amount of data is a daunting challenge. Enter big data computing, a new paradigm that blends large datasets with advanced analytical techniques. Big data is characterized by the three V's: Volume, velocity, and variety, and refers to massive datasets. By processing this data, we can uncover new opportunities and gain valuable insights into market trends. Traditional techniques are simply not equipped to handle the scale of Big Data. The purpose of this article is to gather reviews of various predictive analytics applications related to big data and the advantages of using big data analytics across various decision-making domains.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5978-5985
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Optimizing short-term energy demand forecasting: a comprehensive analysis using autoregressive integrated moving average method

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5924-5933
Firman Aziz , Jeffry Jeffry , Misbahuddin Buang , Supriyadi La Wungo , Nasruddin Nasruddin
This study addresses the critical gap in short-term electricity demand forecasting in South Sulawesi, where inconsistencies between projected and actual peak loads hinder daily operational planning, system stability, and investment efficiency. While previous studies have applied approaches such as fuzzy logic, ARIMA-ANN, and hybrid models, few have focused on simple, robust ARIMA-based models validated across different time spans for daily operational use. To address this, the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is implemented within the Box-Jenkins framework, using automated model selection through the pmdarima library and Akaike’s information criterion (AIC) to identify optimal parameter configurations. The study analyzes daily peak load data from 2018 to 2023, producing realistic forecasts with high accuracy. The selected ARIMA model achieves a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.91% and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 38.123, demonstrating its effectiveness in capturing short-term load trends. These results confirm the suitability of ARIMA for short-term forecasting in energy systems and its potential to enhance operational decision-making, reduce forecasting errors, and improve investment planning. The study also establishes a methodological foundation for future development, including the integration of ARIMA with machine learning and the use of extended datasets to support strategic energy management.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5924-5933
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Intuitive effectiveness degree of research methodologies for spectrum sensing in cognitive radio network

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5699-5707
Pushpa Yellappa , Dr.Keshavamurthy Keshavamurthy
The phenomenon of spectrum sensing plays an essential role in cognitive radio network (CRN) that is performed in real-time for better adaptability to dynamic usage of spectrum. However, efficient decision-making is often noted to be affected by dynamic environmental condition, interference, and noise leading to declination in performance. In recent times, there are proposals for various methodologies addressing such issues targeting towards improving spectrum sensing along with machine learning and energy detection approach, which is gaining its pace for technical research implementation. Irrespective of this advancement, ambiguity shrouds regarding the contrast effectiveness associated with these methods and their appropriateness in different situation. Hence, this manuscript presents a comprehensive and yet crisp review work to offer concise assessment of latest methodologies towards spectrum sensing used in CRN ecosystem. The paper has an inclusion of existing techniques, presents their potentials and shortcomings, exhibited evolving trends of research, extracts key gaps and challenges. The prime intention of this review work is towards guiding the future researchers and scholars by facilitating deeper insight towards the recent state of technologies in spectrum sensing.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5699-5707
Publish at: 2025-12-01

An ensemble machine learning based model for prediction and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5347-5359
Moataz Mohamed El Sherbiny , Asmaa Hamdy Rabie , Mohamed Gamal Abdel Fattah , Ali Elsherbiny Taki Eldin , Hossam El-Din Mostafa
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that poses significant health risks and global economic burdens. Early prediction and accurate diagnosis are crucial for effective management and treatment. This study presents an ensemble machine learning-based model designed to predict and diagnose Diabetes Mellitus using clinical and demographic data. The proposed approach integrates multiple machine learning algorithms, including random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), and logistic regression (LR), to leverage their individual strengths and enhance the entire performance. The ensemble model was trained and validated on multiple comprehensive datasets. Performance measures demonstrate the robustness of proposed model and its reliability in distinguishing diabetic cases from non-diabetic cases after applying several preprocessing steps. This work ensures the capability of machine learning in advancing healthcare by providing efficient, data-driven tools for diabetes management, aiding clinicians in early diagnosis, and contributing to personalized treatment strategies. Comparative analysis against standalone models highlights the superior predictive capabilities of the ensemble approach. Results had shown that ensemble model achieved an accuracy of 96.88% and precision of 89.85% outperforming individual classifiers.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5347-5359
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Securing healthcare data and optimizing digital marketing through machine learning: the CAML-EHDS framework

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5728-5745
Fathi Abderrahmane , Mouyassir Kawtar , Ali Waqas , Fandi Fatima Zahra , Kartit Ali
Current healthcare data systems face major challenges in preventing unauthorized access, ensuring compliance with data privacy regulations, and enabling intelligent secondary use of patient information. To address these issues, we introduce cluster-based analysis with machine learning for enhanced healthcare data security (CAML-EHDS), a unified framework that combines homomorphic encryption, attribute-based elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), and semantic clustering with machine learning. CAML-EHDS improves upon existing models by offering fine-grained access control, adaptive threat detection, and data-driven insights while preserving privacy. Experimental results show that CAML-EHDS achieves up to 98% classification accuracy with low node count, and maintains 94% accuracy even at high node distribution levels, while ensuring encryption time under 24 seconds and acceptable data loss below 29%. Moreover, in comparative analysis with state-of-the-art models (support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and decision tree (DT)), CAML-EHDS outperforms all in key metrics with an accuracy of 0.96. These results demonstrate CAML-EHDS’s potential for real-world deployment in secure, scalable, and intelligent healthcare environments, including privacy-aware digital marketing integration.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5728-5745
Publish at: 2025-12-01

Enhancing semantic segmentation with a boundary-sensitive loss function: a novel approach

10.11591/ijece.v15i6.pp5327-5335
Ganesh R. Padalkar , Madhuri B. Khambete
Semantic segmentation is crucial step in autonomous driving, medical imaging, and scene understanding. Traditional approaches leveraging manually extracted pixel properties and probabilistic models, have achieved reasonable performance but suffer from limited generalization and the need for expert-driven feature selection. The rise of deep learning architectures has significantly improved segmentation accuracy by enabling automatic feature extraction and capturing intricate object details. However, these methods still face challenges, including the need for large datasets, extensive hyperparameter tuning, and careful loss function selection. This paper proposes a novel boundary-sensitive loss function, which combines region loss and boundary loss, to enhance both region consistency and edge delineation in segmentation tasks. Implemented within a modified SegNet framework, the approach proposed in the paper is evaluated with the semantic boundary dataset (SBD) dataset using standard segmentation metrics. Experimental results indicate improved segmentation accuracy, substantiating to proposed method.
Volume: 15
Issue: 6
Page: 5327-5335
Publish at: 2025-12-01
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