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28,451 Article Results

Impact of leadership approaches and appraisal practices on hospital workforce and environment

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26182
Subodh S. Satheesh , Anila Cholleti
Hospital appraisal practices can directly impact workforce-based outcomes, including work performance, retention rate, and physical and emotional well-being. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of performance appraisals and leadership approaches on the overall job satisfaction of the workforce in healthcare settings. A descriptive cross-sectional method was employed to collect data from 258 randomly selected health workforce from different private hospitals in Bangalore, India. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate the appraisal process, leadership approaches, and sentiments. SPSS version 26 and Python 3.13 were used for statistical analysis. Most of the participants (62.2%) had a good understanding of the performance appraisal process, viewing it as essential for professional growth (95%) and work quality (96.5%). However, 53.8% felt that appraisal requirements were poorly communicated, with 58.9% reporting common unfair practices. Over half of them (56.3%) acknowledged their manager's influence, but only 43.6% expressed moderate satisfaction. This study found that despite the good understanding of the performance appraisal among the study participants, the lack of communication and the unethical work environment contributed to dissatisfaction. Thus, organizations should develop a more transparent, fair, and employee-centric appraisal system to enhance job satisfaction, workforce stability, and overall patient care quality.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1412-1418
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Assessment of depression, malnutrition and co-morbidities of geriatric individuals in rural areas of Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26155
Mst. Umme Hafsa Begum , Md. Nazrul Islam , Afsana Akter , Lima Akter , Mst. Trisha Akter , Md. Abul Hasnat , Mst. Rokshana Rabeya
In rural Bangladesh, elderly populations face distinct health challenges, with depression, malnutrition, and co-morbidities significantly impacting their well-being. This cross-sectional study evaluated 384 older adults across four divisions of Bangladesh using the geriatric depression scale (GDS-15), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), and Katz Index of activities of daily living (ADL). Depression was found among 62.8% of respondents. About 13.0% of participants were malnourished, and 51.8% were at risk of malnutrition. Self reported hypertension (47.1%), arthritis (46.4%), dental problems (43.5%), and insomnia (37.0%) were profound among respondents. The risk of dementia, anorexia, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension was higher among males than females. Geriatric depression was significantly higher in the elderly who were residing in a nuclear family than their counterparts (AOR = 2.114; 95% CI = 1.328-3.365). Additionally, being unemployed was identified as an independent predictor of GD (AOR = 1.992, 95% CI: 1.070 3.709, p = .030). The higher prevalence of depression and risk of malnutrition highlight the pressing requirement for well-coordinated and comprehensive healthcare strategies. The development of multifaceted approaches, incorporating mental health services, nutritional interventions, and socioeconomic support, would enhance elders' well-being.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1620-1628
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Prevalence and health literacy on high blood pressure among late adulthood individuals in Northeast Thailand: a cross sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24980
Kittipong Sornlorm , Arunrat Puncha Glingasorn
High blood pressure (HBP) is a leading risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and mortality. This study aimed to identify health literacy and other characteristics associated with HBP among late adults in Thailand. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,345 adults aged 35-59 years from Health Centers 7, 8, 9, and 10 in Northeast Thailand. Descriptive statistics and a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were used to determine the adjusted odds ratio (Adj. OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results showed a prevalence of HBP at 24.76% (95% CI: 22.52-27.13). Multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between HBP and health literacy in finding health information (Adj. OR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28-1.96, p-value<0.001), as well as judging health information (Adj. OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.04-1.73, p-value=0.024). Additionally, history of smoking (Adj. OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.29-3.24, p-value = 0.002), comorbidity (Adj. OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.76-2.74, p-value <0.001), physical activity (Adj. OR = 1.67, 95% CI: 1.28-2.16, p-value <0.001), and body mass index (Adj. OR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.14-4.26, p-value=0.018) were found to be associated with HBP. Poor health literacy increases the risk of HBP. Relevant authorities must evaluate the group context and develop a suitable health literacy model.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1576-1584
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Bacterial meningitis knowledge, attitude and practice study among parents: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25942
Siham Jbari , Karima El-Mouhdi , Hajar El Omari , Mounir Bourrous , Samia Boussaa
In Morocco, bacterial meningitis has consistently posed a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue requires a deeper understanding of public perceptions to enhance awareness and prevention efforts. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted in health facilities in the Marrakech-Safi region from May 2022 to January 2023, employed Cronbach's Alpha with a reliability score of 72% to analyze the association between knowledge levels and various factors. The research revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 20 and 30 years (51.8%) and female (64.4%). The term most commonly used by Moroccans to describe purulent meningitis was “bad fever” (Skhana lkhayba), with 68.8% using this term. Additionally, 82% of participants had an average level of knowledge about the disease. Analysis indicated that families with four children demonstrated a higher level of knowledge compared to those with fewer or more children (p = 0.048). Participants residing in structured housing had a lower level of knowledge than those in unstructured housing (p = 0.017). Furthermore, educational attainment at the primary and secondary school levels was significantly associated with knowledge levels (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Understanding public perceptions and vulnerabilities related to bacterial meningitis can significantly improve disease control and prevention strategies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1220
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An efficient machine learning framework for optimizing hyperspectral data analysis in detecting adulterated honey

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1776-1786
Ashwini N. Yeole , Guru Prasad M. S. , Santosh Kumar
Honey adulteration detection involves employing spectral data, often utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques, to identify the presence of impurities or additives in honey. This study aims to explore ML models through the collection of a hyperspectral honey dataset with limited samples and 128 features. Three distinct feature selection (FS) methods i.e., Boruta, repeated incremental pruning to produce error reduction (RIPPER), and gain ratio attribute evaluator (GRAE) are applied to extract important features for decision-making. Then, the feature-selected dataset is classified through four effective ML algorithms, such as support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), and decision tree (DT). Accuracy, F1-score, Kappa Statistics, and Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) are the performance metrics used to assess the results of ML algorithms. RIPPER FS technique gave the best results by improving its accuracy values from 79.05% (primary data) to 91.89% (augmented data) for the RF classifier model and 74.93% (primary data) to 91.89% (augmented data) for the DT classifier model. These detailed examinations of the experiments demonstrate that proper finetuning of the ML methods can play a vital role in optimizing hyperspectral data analysis for detecting adulteration levels in honey samples.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1776-1786
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Exploring spatial variations and risk factors associated with cesarean section delivery in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24700
Md. Saiful Islam , Md. Junayeth Bhuiyan , Md. Sharif Miah , Md. Mamunur Rashid
This study was to explore the spatial variations and risk factors of cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. We used the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2017-18 data. The Getis-Ord Gi* statistic was applied to assess the hot spots and cold spots of cesarean delivery, and a multilevel logistic regression model was utilized to determine the risk factors related to cesarean delivery in Bangladesh. This study found that one-third of all births (33%; 95% CI = 30.68-34.66) delivered through cesarean section. The hot spots of cesarean delivery were in Dhaka, Khulna, Rajshahi and Rangpur divisions. The cold spots were in Barisal, Rangpur, and Sylhet divisions. Women with higher education (OR =2 .24, 95% CI = 1.49-3.36), overweight/obese women (OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.63–2.63) and women from Khulna division (OR = 1.87, 95% CI= 1.32–2.64) were significantly associated with cesarean section. Therefore, concentrating on factors including women’s education, partner's education, partner’s occupation, age at first birth, wealth index, women’s body mass index (BMI) status, media exposure, and divisions might play a crucial role in reducing the unnecessary cesarean section in Bangladesh.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1367-1374
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Supportive work environment for people with Down syndrome in Malaysia: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25124
Md Mizanur Rahman , Chuong Hock Ting , Razitasham Safii , Rosalia Saimon , Yoke Yong Chen , Sharifa Ezat Wan Puteh , Abg Safuan Adenan
Understanding organizational culture, knowledge of employment rights, and positive attitudes towards people with disabilities is crucial for creating inclusive workplaces. This Malaysian study compared the perspectives of employers, employees, and community members with disabilities using a cross-sectional design and convenience sampling of 595 respondents. Data on demographics, organizational culture, legislative knowledge, and attitudes were collected via a validated survey and analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression in JAMOVI and SPSS, with a p-value<.05 indicating significance. The study found a moderately supportive organizational culture for employing people with disabilities, with the highest scores in supportive work environments and inclusive culture. Employers and employees perceived greater top management commitment and inclusivity than community members with Down syndrome. Legislative knowledge and positive attitudes significantly shaped perceptions of a supportive and inclusive workplace. Muslim participants reported greater support and disability-accommodating human resource (HR) practices than those of other religions. The findings underscore the need for targeted training and awareness programs on disability rights to enhance inclusivity among all stakeholders in Malaysia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1489-1498
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Maternal behavior in provider of reproductive health education to early childhood

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24153
Melisa Yenti , Inda Mustika Permata , Mivtahurrahimah Mivtahurrahimah
Society often views sex education for early childhood as taboo, believing it is inappropriate for young children. However, early health education plays a crucial role in reducing the risk of sexual violence. In 2022, the Indonesian government recorded a high incidence of sexual violence, with 11.016 reported cases. This study examines the factors that influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education to early childhood in West Sumatra during 2021. This study uses a quantitative cross-sectional study method, the research conducted in May to October 2021 in West Sumatra. The study involved 257 mothers with children aged 3-6 years, selected through cluster sampling. We analyzed the data using univariate and bivariate analysis, employing the Chi-square method. The result shows that factors such as attitudes (0.029), exposure to information (<0.001), and family support (<0.001) significantly influence maternal behavior in providing reproductive health education. However, knowledge levels do not show a significant influence on maternal behavior. In addressing these findings, we recommend strengthening family support through family counseling training programs and increasing the availability and accessibility of information on reproductive health education.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1323-1329
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Enhancing cancer patient care via nursing apps: a systematic review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26000
Dwi Retnaningsih , Niken Sukesi , Rozaq Isnaini Nugraha , Reanita Anggis Deraya , Maulida Izzatin Ni’mah , Iva Anissya Putri , Sinta Selviana
Digital health interventions have been shown to be effective in improving the quality of life for cancer patients through education, symptom management, and psychosocial support. This research aims to identify application content that can enhance the quality of life for cancer patients. The method used is a systematic review based on the population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design (PICOS) criteria. From the search, 941 articles were found in the JSTOR database (n = 11), Science Direct (n = 54), ProQuest (n = 609), and Springer Link (n = 267), with a publication period from 2019 to 2024. The keywords used include: nursing applications, cancer, application content, quality of life, and randomized clinical trials (RCT). The inclusion criteria encompass RCT published in peer-reviewed journals, written in English, and utilizing digital applications as interventions to improve the quality of life for cancer patients. This research includes patients aged 16-80 from various countries, including China, Turkey, Ireland, Taiwan, and Australia. The results show that digital interventions such as digital storytelling, education through applications, nurse support programs, and virtual reality significantly improve patients' quality of life. The intervention content includes six main themes: medical education, symptom management, psychosocial support, multidisciplinary interventions, physical activity, and relaxation, as well as interactive digital platforms.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1232-1242
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Incidence rate and spatial clustering of measles cases in Malaysia, 2018–2022

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25223
Mohd Rujhan Hadfi Mat Daud , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Wan Nor Arifin , Jamiatul Aida Md Sani , Wan Abdul Hannan Wan Ibadullah
The distribution of measles varies worldwide. Malaysia has seen fluctuating incidence rates of measles across its districts, highlighting the persistent challenge of measles control despite national vaccination efforts. This study aimed to map the incidence rates of measles and identify hotspots areas of measles in Malaysia between 2018 and 2022. The study utilized secondary data from the Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, and was analyzed through spatial autocorrelation techniques. Choropleth map applied to the incidence rate of measles and Global Moran’s I statistics quantified spatial autocorrelation, supplemented by local indicators of spatial association (LISA) for localized analysis. The measles incidence rate exceeded 500 per million population in Bintulu, Marudi, and Miri, Sarawak in 2018 and in Gua Musang, Kelantan in 2019. There is a downward trend in the incidence rate across the districts in Malaysia. The Global Moran’s I statistic revealed significant positive spatial autocorrelation of measles cases in Malaysia from 2018 to 2022. Districts, specifically in Klang Valley, have been identified as persistent hotspot areas. There is a need for continuous surveillance, adequate vaccination coverage, and supplementary public health measures, especially in identified hotspot areas, in order to achieve measles elimination goals in Malaysia.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1119-1128
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Cross-cultural adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.23685
Eldawati Eldawati , Faridah Mohd Said , Nur Syazana Umar
Hypertension is a long-term condition that enables individuals to take an active role in managing their health care— inadequate adherence to medication regimens is a major factor contributing to treatment failure. We translated and updated the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale for use in Indonesia, where systemic hypertension is becoming increasingly prevalent.  This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale. The descriptive cross-sectional research was conducted in East Java, Indonesia, during June and July 2021. For the purpose of selecting 144 persons who had hypertension, a convenience sample was utilized. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument was translated from English into Indonesian using a forward-backward translation method, followed by evaluation by an expert panel and pilot testing. To assess its reliability, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient and item-total correlation were utilized. A Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) value of 0.945 confirmed the adequacy of the sample for the study. Additionally, the Bartlett’s test yielded a significant result (X² = 132.41; p < 0.001), supporting the appropriateness of conducting a factor analysis. Using factor analysis, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale revealed a single factor with an eigenvalue >1 that explained 42.13% of the total variation. The Cronbach alpha coefficient of the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale was 0.901. The Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance instrument has been successfully translated and tailored for the Indonesian population, with consideration of their cultural context. In order to provide an accurate prediction regarding the impact that this intervention would have on patients' adherence, the Hill-Bone high blood pressure therapy compliance scale could be of assistance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1595-1600
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factors associated with risk scores among stone mortar workers exposed to high noise levels in Lampang province, Thailand

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.24814
Yuwadee Khunsaard , Arroon Ketsakorn
Noise pollution is an undesirable phenomenon that affects human health and can lead to occupational hearing loss. This study was to assess associations of risk scores from exposure to noise related to their variables from noise exposure among stone mortar workers who exposed to high noise levels during their work in Lampang, Thailand. The study was conducted between August and September 2023. Data collection involved using standardized questionnaires which were developed by researchers and used scientific instruments for noise measurement. The questionnaires contained items related to population characteristics and work information, knowledge, attitude, and practice for preventing noise exposure, noise exposure measurement, and risk scores from exposure to noise. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze data. The results showed that seven factors significantly associated with risk scores from exposure to noise while performing their work. Apparently, there were four influential variables which included height of workers, ear symptoms, working hour per day, and noise measurement as tested using multiple regression analysis. Therefore, efforts should be made to manage those variables by drafting policies and creating tools for risk prediction to control the influential variables related to risk level from exposure to noise in the working area.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1394-1403
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Pediatric cataracts: Epidemiological, etiological, and clinical profiles in Morocco

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25851
Soukaina Loulidi , Youssef Elbahi , Samia Boussaa , Mohamed Loukid
Cataracts are a prevalent eye disease in children, particularly in the congenital form. Its occurrence is the primary cause of avoidable blindness and visual impairment. Our study aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics and spatiotemporal distribution of infantile cataracts in children from the Marrakech-Safi region. A retrospective study was carried out in the Mohammed VI University Hospital. Data collection, carried out between March 25, 2024, and April 26, 2024, was based on a review of the medical records of sick children aged between 0 and 15 years and having undergone surgery between 2019 and 2023. The findings revealed a high rate of cataract in boys (64.7%), with congenital cataract predominating (57.6%), followed by traumatic cataract (41.1%). In 2021, 81 cases of cataracts were reported, with 51.5% of cases being bilateral. Cataract development (42.4%) was attributed to postnatal and infantile factors, with the remaining 42.7% having an unknown etiological. The study revealed a significant association between cataract type and factors such as gender, age, residence area, age at onset of cataract, consanguinity, and family history. Efficient, high-quality care can prevent cataract complications. This can be achieved by implementing health strategies targeting all levels of prevention.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1151-1159
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Evaluation of the project to develop an information system for promoting community health

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25879
Patchana Hengboriboonpong Jaidee , Sirichai Junphum , Supattra Assawamaitree , Nisa Rattanadilok Na Phuket , Nattakarn Sittisaman , Wanasara Chaoniyom
This study aimed to evaluate the Thailand Community Network Appraisal Program (TCNAP) during 2020-2022, utilizing a developmental evaluation framework based on the CIPP model. Data collection employed a mixed methods approach. Methods included in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 204 representatives from the Healthy Community Strengthening Office under the Thai Health Promotion Foundation (Thai Health), the Research and Development Community Health System Center, the Center of Community Database Management, and the Regional Center of Academic Support for Network Management. Quantitative data were collected through online surveys assessing the effectiveness of the TCNAP project from 376 delegates of the co-creation livable community network. Descriptive statistics were used for quantitative data analysis, while thematic and content analysis were applied for qualitative data. Results indicated that the project network expressed high satisfaction with the database usage, with a mean score of 3.99±0.76. It was observed that 8 out of 10 indicators successfully achieved their objectives. Additionally, the pragmatic utility of information derived from TCNAP was evident in formulating local development plans and garnering external support for enhancing community health and quality of life. This commitment to evidence-based practice is encapsulated by the phrase “Data equals stability.” However, sustaining the implementation of the TCNAP project posed significant challenges. Proposed developmental strategies include organizing knowledge exchange activities, improving data collection tools and formats, and providing budgetary support tailored to the area context. Additionally, enhancing the operational system of TCNAP is crucial to ensure stability, convenience, efficiency, and adaptability for both current and future use.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1468-1478
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Improving mental health, sleep, and decision-making skills through mindfulness practice

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25011
Moslima Akter , Lutfun Naher , Oli Ahmed
Most of the previous studies on the efficiency of mindfulness to improve mental health states, and sleep quality, have focused on clinical samples. The present study aimed to examine the impact of mindfulness intervention training on mental health (depression, anxiety), sleep quality, life satisfaction, and decision-making skills in non-clinical sample. Using a non equivalent comparison group design, 52 university students were recruited via convenience sampling technique and randomly distributed into two groups – treatment and comparison groups. The treatment group a 30-hour of mindfulness training over one month. Results showed that mindfulness training significantly reduced depressive symptoms and improved sleep quality and life satisfaction in treatment group, although changes in anxiety and decision-making skills were non-significant. These findings contribute to the mindfulness literature and emphasize the importance of mindfulness practice in enhancing mental health and well-being in non-clinical settings.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1611-1619
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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