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28,451 Article Results

Philippine traditional herbal remedies for hypertension

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25625
Meliza Parba , Cesar G. Demayo
Certain areas of the Philippines continue to rely on traditional non-pharmacological approaches, such as herbal medicine, for hypertension treatment, a significant public health problem globally. Therefore, a systematic review of plants used in the Philippines to treat hypertension, based on the PRISMA flow diagram, was carried out. Relevant ethnobotanical studies were retrieved from databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed. Following the eligibility screening, 36 ethnobotanical studies were included. The majority of the studies included in this review came from Region XIII (CARAGA), Region VI (Western Visayas), and Region X (Northern Mindanao). The most prevalent plant family and species were Poaceae (12 species) and Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf. (16 citations), respectively. Leaves were the most common plant parts utilized while decoction was the most frequently mentioned mode of preparation. Oral administration was the most widely used form of administration. This review highlights medicinal plants with potential antihypertensive properties. It underscores the need to conduct a systematic review of their pharmacological properties to determine which have been scientifically validated and are most effective against hypertension.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1585-1594
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Parenting styles, psychological need and game genre in internet gaming disorder

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26134
Shimil P. V. , Palak Kanwar
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a growing concern among adolescents. This study examines the impact of different parenting styles on IGD, focusing on the mediating role of psychological need satisfaction. Using a cross-sectional correlational design with mediation analysis, this research investigates indirect effects to understand how parenting styles influence IGD. The study involved 300 participants and analyzed three main parenting styles: authoritative (firm but supportive), authoritarian (strict and controlling), and permissive (lenient). Findings indicate that authoritative parenting reduces IGD by supporting the fulfillment of basic psychological needs, such as autonomy, competence, and connection, as outlined in self-determination theory (SDT). Conversely, authoritarian parenting is associated with higher IGD, as it restricts these psychological needs in real life, leading adolescents to seek fulfillment through excessive gaming, particularly in genres like battle royale. permissive parenting did not show a significant effect on IGD. Additionally, the study revealed that boys are more likely than girls to exhibit higher IGD and find greater psychological need satisfaction in gaming. These results highlight the importance of parenting styles and psychological needs in understanding IGD among adolescents.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1524-1531
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Chronic strains, self-efficacy, and mental health: a cross-sectional study among university students in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26125
Rashed Hossain , Rasheda Irshad Nasir
Chronic strains, arise from daily activities, can affect mental healthcare of individuals across various professions, including students. However, how chronic strains affect mental health of students is poorly understood so far for students. We aim to identify the most prevalent chronic strains and examine the effects of chronic strains on mental health conditions adjusted for socio-demographic variables. A total of 393 students were included in the study. They were interviewed through a structured questionnaire between April 6 and May 28, 2023. The outcome variable considered were mental health measured through 14-item questions. The prime explanatory variable was chronic strains. Multivariable linear regressions were used to the relationships of chronic strains, self-efficacy, and socio-demographic characteristics with mental health conditions. We found that 16.7% of participants reported low levels of chronic strains, 66.4% reported moderate levels and 18.3% reported high levels. ‘Tension for future career’ emerged as the most significant source of stress that led chronic strains. Chronic strains and self-efficacy were found to be significant determinants of different mental health conditions. These findings suggest that institutions should focus on improving students’ psychological well-being to mitigate the impact of chronic strains.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1459-1467
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Relationship between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25572
Hamza Elbaylek , Soumia Ammor
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a public health problem worldwide, and also in Morocco, with 7.9% of new cancer cases. Dietary factors have been linked to CRC risk; however, several modifiable risk factors have not been studied in Morocco. This study aimed to explore the association between shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer among Moroccan women. A case-control study was conducted at CHU Mohamed VI Marrakech, involving 165 cases and 165 controls. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. For general characteristics, we used the Chi-square test for categorical variables and student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney U for continuous variables to select confounding factors, we ran logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Findings from our study show an increased risk of CRC for rotating shift workers ORb:1.74 (95% CI:1.05-2.91) (p-value = 0.01). When stratified by tumor location, night shift work was correlated with an increased risk of rectal cancer, while stratified by age, rotating shift work was also correlated with an increased risk of CRC among those aged 45 to 65 years ORb: 2.18 (95% CI:1.03-4.79) (p-value = 0.048). Findings from this study may be helpful for future research in Morocco and North African countries.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1109-1118
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Epidemiology of tuberculosis in Morocco: diagnosis, treatment, quality of life, and associated factors

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.26185
Youssef El Bahi , Soukaina Loulidi , Mohamed Loukid , Samia Rkha
Tuberculosis remains a major public health challenge worldwide, despite significant advances in treatment and prevention. In Morocco, 30,000 cases of tuberculosis are recorded each year. In the Marrakech-Safi region, the incidence reaches 50 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The aim of this research was to assess the effectiveness of current diagnostic and treatment, and to measure the impact of tuberculosis on patients' quality of life. A cross sectional study was carried out on a sample of 480 tuberculosis patients. The results showed that low education levels (53.86%) and high unemployment (40.8%) were prevalent. More than 51% of patients do not have health insurance. High housing density was correlated with increased prevalence, and diabetes was frequent (40.19%). 27.50% used medicinal plants, and 13.11% interrupted medication due to long treatment duration. Males were more symptom-free (p<0.000). Males had more severe symptoms than females such as sputum (163 vs. 58 cases), weight loss (224 vs. 131 cases), cough (184 vs. 86 cases), and hemoptysis (70 vs. 27 cases). Urban residents showed significant differences in tuberculosis types (p = 0.034). Occupation and prior treatment influenced tuberculosis distribution and extrapulmonary tuberculosis prevalence (p = 0.000). 21.46% were permanently affected in their social life. Higher education level and non-smoking was linked to better health (p = 0.016; p = 0.002). These results contribute to a better management of diagnostic, treatment, and prevention strategies adapted to tuberculosis patients by strengthen health education and promote rapid access to specialist care.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1160-1170
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Satisfaction with health services received by patients in regional hospitals using SERVQUAL

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25961
Aniharyati Aniharyati , Abdul Haris , Sulaiman Lalu , Saimi Saimi , Menap Menap , Sastrawan Sastrawan
The concept of patient satisfaction, which has historically been overlooked and undervalued, is gaining importance. We aimed to investigate patient satisfaction with health services at the hospital. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024. The study was conducted at Bima City Regional Hospital, NTB, Indonesia. The sample obtained was 437. The level of satisfaction was measured using 19 questions. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used in this study. The highest opportunity for reliability and responsiveness was found in patients aged 20–29 with OR and CI values of 1.97 (1.65–2.98) and 1.76 (1.03–2.09), respectively. For the tangibles dimension, the highest opportunity was in the age of 40-49 with OR and CI values of 1.98 (2.03–4.37). The highest OR (CI) values for each employed status namely 0.96 (0.77–1.21), 0.89 (0.67–1.18), 0.76 (0.41–1.40), 0.79 (0.51–1.70), and 0.92 (0.72–1.23). Meanwhile, at the level of education, respondents with university education had the highest opportunity value in all dimensions, with OR and Ci values of 0.84 (0.58–1.34), 1.42 (0.78–2.51), 0.51 (0.19–1.56), 0.59 (0.22–1.67), 1.45 (0.82–2.87). In conclusion, patient satisfaction with health services was influenced by age, employment status, and provider friendliness.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1404-1411
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Sexual health and well-being during antenatal care: addressing global gaps in healthcare provision

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25983
Kabiru Abubakar Gulma , Abubakar Isa Musa
This paper highlights the importance of addressing sexual health and well-being in antenatal care, which goes beyond the absence of reproductive disease to include physical, mental, and social aspects. Central to sexual health is the quality of the relationship between expectant parents, which can influence the future well-being of both the parents and their child. Despite this, current antenatal care often fails to address sexual health due to healthcare providers' lack of training and fears of offending patients when discussing intimate issues. The paper suggests that antenatal care might be viewed as an inadequate environment to handle such sensitive matters—due to time constraints and perceived intrusiveness, it could be an optimal time for discussions, as parents-to-be are particularly attuned to relationship health during pregnancy. The paper also focuses on adolescent mothers as a globally neglected group in terms of sexual health support during pregnancy, despite the significant role they play in ensuring intergenerational well-being. The broader healthcare system, however, continues to treat sexual health and well-being as taboo subjects, leaving a gap in global antenatal services. As research underscores the importance of a strong parental relationship for the socio-emotional development of the child, the paper advocates for integrating sexual health into antenatal care to enhance both parental well-being and child development. However, this area remains underexplored in many parts of the world due to cultural sensitivities and limited healthcare infrastructure.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1357-1366
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Depression and cognitive impairment in Malaysian elderly: insights from a nationwide study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25220
Azlina Wati Nikmat , Nor Jannah Nasution Raduan , Nurul Azreen Hashim , Noor Azleen Ahmad Tarmizi , Nor Anita Affandi , Nor Farahdila Hairoman , Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail , Tengku Mohd Saifuddin Tengku Kamarulbahri
Depression and cognitive impairment are two prevalent mental health conditions among older adults. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with cognitive impairment among older adults with depression in Malaysia. Data were drawn from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2018, a nationwide, cross-sectional study using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling. The sample included respondents aged 50 years and above. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the identification and intervention for dementia in the elderly (IDEA) screening tool, while depression was identified using the validated Malay version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (M-GDS-14). Key variables examined included sociodemographic characteristics, physical activity levels, and social support. Bivariate and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with cognitive impairment. Results indicated that cognitive impairment was significantly higher among physically inactive individuals (AOR = 2.70, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.65) and those with low to fair social support (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.86). These findings highlight the importance of incorporating physical and social activities into care plans for elderly patients with depression, particularly those with cognitive impairments.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1129-1136
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Bacterial meningitis knowledge, attitude and practice study among parents: a cross-sectional study

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25942
Siham Jbari , Karima El-Mouhdi , Hajar El Omari , Mounir Bourrous , Samia Boussaa
In Morocco, bacterial meningitis has consistently posed a significant public health challenge. Addressing this issue requires a deeper understanding of public perceptions to enhance awareness and prevention efforts. This quantitative cross-sectional study, conducted in health facilities in the Marrakech-Safi region from May 2022 to January 2023, employed Cronbach's Alpha with a reliability score of 72% to analyze the association between knowledge levels and various factors. The research revealed that the majority of participants were aged between 20 and 30 years (51.8%) and female (64.4%). The term most commonly used by Moroccans to describe purulent meningitis was “bad fever” (Skhana lkhayba), with 68.8% using this term. Additionally, 82% of participants had an average level of knowledge about the disease. Analysis indicated that families with four children demonstrated a higher level of knowledge compared to those with fewer or more children (p = 0.048). Participants residing in structured housing had a lower level of knowledge than those in unstructured housing (p = 0.017). Furthermore, educational attainment at the primary and secondary school levels was significantly associated with knowledge levels (p = 0.020 and p = 0.015, respectively). Understanding public perceptions and vulnerabilities related to bacterial meningitis can significantly improve disease control and prevention strategies.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1210-1220
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factors associated with physical activity time among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25877
Vinh Quang Phung , Vien Truong Nguyen , Ngoc-Trinh Thi Nguyen , Dang Ngoc Tran , Phong Duy Nguyen , Hong Kim Tang
Previous studies on factors associated with physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City have lacked a specific framework. This study aimed to assess factors associated with moderate and vigorous physical activity time among Ho Chi Minh City’s adolescents. We used the Health Belief Model to develop a more comprehensive survey. This cross sectional study, conducted from January to May 2023, analyzed data from 301 students. Variables were measured using a self-management questionnaire with three sections: socioeconomics, physical activity, and the Health Belief Model. This study found that adolescents spent an average of 54.7 minutes per day engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity. This duration was independently associated with convenience (Coefficient = 5.49; p = 0.002), self-efficacy (Coefficient = 5.63; p<0.001), having an exercise companion (Coefficient = 16.98; p<0.001), and the perception that more than 60 minutes of daily activity is needed (Coefficient = 16.82; p<0.001). The Health Belief Model has the potential to explain the time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity among adolescents in Ho Chi Minh City. Self-efficacy, convenience, companionship, and perceptions of appropriate physical activity duration should be considered when developing intervention programs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1313-1322
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Social media and social capital as risk of voluntary counseling and testing for human immunodeficiency virus

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25799
Eny Qurniyawati , Jayanti Dian Eka Sari , Farah Fadhillah , Yeshita Alifia Yuvianti , Prima Kartika , Nayla Mohamed Gomaa Nasr
Teenagers are more susceptible to contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Of the 34 provinces in Indonesia, East Java continues to have the highest rate of new HIV diagnoses. One tactic for HIV prevention and control is voluntary counseling and testing (VCT). The purpose of this study is to examine the risk factors associated with the uptake of VCT for HIV among adolescents in the general population of East Java. A cross-sectional study design, a quantitative technique, and an observational methodology are all used in this research. 329 individuals in total, selected at random, took part in this study. The prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval was examined in order to determine the level of risk. Out of all the parameters that were found, social media access (PR = 10.133; 95%CI 1.293 - 79.422) and social capital (PR = 10.741; 95% 3.240 - 35.601) were found to have a substantial impact on VCT for HIV. Thus, it's critical to enhance social capital and implement educational initiatives on VCT for HIV using social media in order to improve teenagers' favorable perceptions of the treatment.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1171-1178
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Knowledge and practices of nurses regarding prevention of hepatitis B and C viral infection: findings from a single center cross-sectional study in Bangladesh

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25824
Rahima Parvin , Md. Abdul Jabbar , Hafiza Sultana , Mohammad Meshbahur Rahman , Most Rownak Zahan Rimu , Rafaat Choudhury
The study aimed to evaluate the nurses’ levels of knowledge and practices in preventing hepatitis B and C viral infections in tertiary level hospitals. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 119 nurses in tertiary level hospital by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by face to-face interview with semi-structured questionnaire and analysis involved the frequency distribution tables, bar diagrams, and proportion (z-tests). The analysis revealed that most of the nurses fell within the 25-34 age groups, and predominantly held a diploma in nursing. Analysis indicated that 95.79% demonstrated good knowledge, whereas 70.59% exposed good practices. Proportion tests revealed significant associations between demographic factors and knowledge/practice levels. Higher educated nurses (poor knowledge, good knowledge: 13.0%, 87.0%; p = 0.021) and those in older age groups (poor practice, good practice: 36.8%, 63.2%; p = 0.002) displayed significantly better knowledge and practices. This study highlights good knowledge among nurses concerning the prevention of hepatitis B and C infections; significant variation exists in the application of preventive practices. Training programs are recommended to bridge the gap between knowledge and practice.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1294-1303
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Factors impacting high-level mobility in traumatic brain injury: a scoping review

10.11591/ijphs.v14i3.25261
Syazlin Azmi , Nor Azlin Mohd Nordin , Alia Alghwiri , Haidzir Manaf
High-level mobility is crucial for improving quality of life and ensuring active participation in daily routines and community engagement. Therefore, this scoping review explored the available evidence on factors impacting high-level mobility among traumatic brain injury (TBI) individuals and the outcome measures used to evaluate high-level mobility. Following the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, five databases were searched: Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and PubMed, yielding 109 articles, with eight meeting eligibility criteria. The keywords used in the search strategies were: traumatic brain injury, TBI, brain trauma, traumatic encephalopathy, and high-level mobility. This review revealed that the High-Level Mobility Assessment Tool (HiMAT) was identified as the most commonly used outcome measure for assessing high-level mobility. The key factors that may influence the outcome of high level mobility in people with TBI are age, sex, mechanism of injury, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, and individual endurance. The associations between individuals’ factors and outcomes in TBI studies exhibit significant variation. This can be attributed to several factors, including the diverse characteristics of TBI samples, different neurological recovery rates, methodological differences, timing of assessments, interactions between factors, and potential moderators.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1189-1200
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Graphene-based reconfigurable FSS for dynamic millimeterwave OAM beam generation

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1608-1621
Nidal Qasem
This research paper explores the dynamic generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies using intelligent reconfigurable metasurfaces (IRM). The ability to dynamically control OAM properties is crucial for unlocking these beams’ full potential. This paper proposes a novel method utilizing a frequency-selective surface (FSS) integrated with reconfigurable graphene to generate an IRM. By carefully designing the FSS elements and controlling the graphene’s electrical conductivity, the system can generate and manipulate mm-wave OAM beams with different topological charges. With the suggested IRM structure, a conversion efficiency of nearly 80% can be achieved in converting the circularly polarized incident wave into its cross-polarized component at 30.7 GHz, with an overall thickness of 0.067 λ. This research has significant implications for advancing mm-wave communications by providing additional spatial dimensions for multiplexing and enhancing system capacity.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1608-1621
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Simulation of reactive flow over a parabolic vertical plate using MATLAB

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1673-1682
Sivakumar Pushparaj , Balaji Ramalingam , Ramesh Adhimoolam , P. Venkata Mohan Reddy , Andal Srinivasan , Muthucumaraswamy Rajamanickam
This article examines how fluid flows around an infinitely large, parabolic-shaped vertical plate, which is heated at an exponentially accelerating rate and undergoes a chemical reaction with the fluid. The plate’s temperature increases at an exponential rate, adding complexity to the heat transfer process. Additionally, the fluid undergoes a chemical reaction in this environment, impacting both the flow and concentration of chemical species. The article includes graphs that show how different parameters such as the rate of temperature increase, strength of thermal radiation, and reaction rate, effect the flow, heat, and concentration profiles. This graphical analysis provides a visual understanding of how each parameter influences the behavior of the fluid.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1673-1682
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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