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28,451 Article Results

Mitigating mismatch power losses in photovoltaic systems under partial shading: a comparative study of series-parallel and alternative configurations

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp588-599
Raghad Adeeb Othman , Omar Sharaf Al-Deen Yehya Al-Yozbaky , Ali Abbawi Mohammed Alabbawi
Utilizing the photovoltaic effect, photovoltaic (PV) systems are a popular technique for capturing solar energy and turning sunlight into electricity. However, environmental factors, especially shade, significantly impact photovoltaic system efficiency. Shadows cast on PV panels by surrounding structures, trees, accumulated dirt, clouds, and debris can seriously impair their performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate how shade affects photovoltaic systems utilized in residential settings. Series-parallel (SP) topology for PV system have been investigated. Additionally, in this work, a PV system of 5 kW of the residence home has been proposed and multi cases of shading examined. Through the results obtained when partial shading was applied, it was found that the highest efficiency of the system was when partial shading irradiance (Ir = 500 W/m2) was applied to one column (5 modules) as 82.84%, while the worst and least equipped case was when the shading was applied to the corners and random shading at (8 modules), where the efficiency decreased to approximately 39.24% and 40.64% respectively.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 588-599
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Inverter transient response improvement using grey wolf optimizer for type-2 fuzzy control in HVDC transmission link

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp2130-2142
I Made Ginarsa , Agung Budi Muljono , I Made Ari Nrartha , Ni Made Seniari , Sultan Sultan , Osea Zebua
High voltage direct current (HVDC) on transmission-link becomes a new prominent technology in recent years. The HVDC is applied to transmit amount of electrical energy from power plant to consumers. This method makes reactive power losses on transmission devices decrease significantly and stability level of generator increases. However, inverter HVDC transmission system can produce slow and high inverter transient current (ITC) response at high value of the up-ramp rate. This ITC phenomenon can be serious problem at starting time. So grey wolf algorithm is proposed to optimize input-output parameters of interval type-2 fuzzy control (IT2FC) in inverter-side HVDC. The proposed control performance’s is assessed by integral time squared error (ITSE) and peak overshoot (Mp) approaches. Simulation results show that small ITSE and low Mp of transient response are given by the IT2FC. The IT2FC is successful applied on inverter HVDC with better results compared to conventional PI control scheme.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 2130-2142
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Cancellation of periodic disturbances for dual start induction drives based on a novel robust adaptive control strategy

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1673-1686
Ngoc Thuy Pham , Phu Diep Nguyen
The disturbance cancellation has always been an important area that has received much attention, especially for the nonlinear drive systems as the dual start induction motor (DSIM). In this paper, a new robust adaptive hybrid strategy based on an improved variable-gain quasi-continuous third order sliding mode (VGQSTOSM) algorithm integrated with RC and a load torque disturbance estimator helps to reduce chattering, cancel the periodic and extended load disturbances, and enhance tracking performance effectively. By using third-order sliding mode with variable gain dependent on the magnitude of the sliding variable, this proposal aims to be adaptive. It provides higher gain when far from the sliding surface (is large), leading to faster convergence and lower gain when close to the sliding surface (is small), potentially reducing chattering further and decreasing control effort near the equilibrium. The robustness of the proposed controller is improved because the adaptive gain mechanism effectively compensates for uncertainties or disturbances. Furthermore, a plug-in RC is integrated into the improved high-order sliding mode structure (DRVGQSTOSM), and an estimated load torque disturbance value is also used to help identify and proactively eliminate disturbances. The system stability is assured using Lyapunov theory the virtual control vectors' outputs are chosen based on Lyapunov theory. Simulation results obtained using the MATLAB software confirm the tracking and harmonic disturbance rejection performance as well as the robustness of the proposed control strategy.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1673-1686
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Performance comparison of core loss in induction motor using non-oriented electrical steels

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp640-646
Chittimilla Shravan Kumar Reddy , Ezhilarasi Arivukkannu , Kartigeyan Jayaraman
Induction motor (IM) enjoy certain advantages that include simple design, robust construction, reliable operation, low initial cost, easy operation and simple maintenance besides offering reasonable efficiency. Modelling and definition of procedures leading to good estimation of core losses in induction motors from material test data is still a challenge, is considered as problem statement. The major objective of this paper is to estimate the core loss in an induction motor (IM) by analyzing a selection of non-grain oriented electrical steel materials and then identifying for each represented whether it can be used both as stator and rotor core material. As core loss is influenced by factors such as air gap, B-H theory, eddy currents and excess loss coefficients and Steinmetzuhl factor, this study is intended to improve the electromagnetic performance of the motor. Influencing core loss are the amounts of flux density and elasticity of material. This study was accomplished by using three sorts of non oriented electrical steel: DI MAX-M15, DI MAX-M19, and DI MAX-M36. A 5 HP induction motor was the subject for finite element method (FEM) simulations whose results have been verified by empirical relations, which show the merit of using non oriented electrical steel as core material.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 640-646
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Fractional order PID controlled hybrid Cuk converter for electric vehicle

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp733-742
Nallamilli P. G. Bhavani , S. Dinakar Raj , K. Sujatha , N. Navaprakash , D. Ezhilarasan
Choosing the right controller with the right approach is one of any power converter's biggest concerns. In order to optimise induction heating, a hybrid Cuk converter with a fractional-order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller is built. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled closed-loop hybrid DC-DC converter (CDHC) system. In order to improve the interface between the resonant inverter and DC source and to step up voltage with less output ripple, Cuk converters are used. The research project is concerned with modelling and simulating a hybrid closed-loop DC converter system. The findings show an improved time domain responsiveness in the FOPID controlled CDHC system. The suggested approach offers advantages such as high-power density and buck boost capability. After being inverted, the Cuk converter's output is applied to a DC load. The time responses of the closed loop proportional integral (PI) and FOPID controlled homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) systems are compared. The hardware is implemented and tested for the CDHC system for electric vehicles. The results indicate that the FOPID controlled CDHC system has enhanced time response and benefits such as high-power density buck boost ability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 733-742
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Design of a binary weighted multilevel voltage source inverter for renewable energy purposes

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp712-721
Abdulkareem Mokif Obais , Ali Abdulkareem Mukheef
The flexibility and linearity of renewable energy generation techniques motivate the efforts to find high-performance circuitries capable of integrating the generation stations of renewable energy with the utility grid. As a result of its potential for power modules exploited in new generations of semiconductor switching devices, the voltage source inverter (VSI) has become widespread in the applications of renewable energy systems. In this paper, a new configuration of multilevel VSI is introduced. It is constructed of a unidirectional voltage supply having 15-nonzero levels and feeding a single-phase VSI equipped with an extra-freewheeling circuit. The output voltage of this configuration has 31 different voltage levels following a sinusoidal path. The unidirectional voltage supply is built of eight solid-state switching devices and four binary weighted DC voltage sources, which are realized by using appropriate solar panels. The simulation results of the introduced configuration have revealed almost sinusoidal output voltage and current for both inductive and resistive appliances. The number of employed switching devices is largely reduced compared to a conventional multilevel VSI. No harmonic reduction circuit or traditional pulse width modulation technique is employed in the current design. This system is designed and tested on PSpice.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 712-721
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Implementation of fuzzy in DQ control of PV based inverter with plug-in electric vehicles

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp666-675
Hanumesh Hanumesh , Arul Ponnusamy , Dhamodharan Selvaraj , Tanuja Koppa Shankaregowda , Venugopal Narasimhachar , Ananda Marilingappa Halasiddappa
In modern power systems, photovoltaic (PV) generation plays a vital role in sustainable energy supply. PV systems generate DC power, which is converted to AC using built-in converters for grid integration. The quality of power injected into the grid is crucial, especially in the presence of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) and non-linear loads, which introduce harmonics and dynamic disturbances. To enhance power quality, advanced control strategies are employed. This paper presents a comparative study of direct-quadrature (DQ) control techniques using traditional proportional-integral (PI) controllers and fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs) in a grid-connected PV system. The DQ control method simplifies the regulation of active and reactive power by transforming three-phase signals into a rotating reference frame. While PI controllers are widely used, they often struggle with non-linearities and load variations. FLCs, on the other hand, offer adaptive control without requiring precise mathematical models, making them more effective under dynamic conditions. The system under study includes PV generation, PEVs, and non linear loads. Performance metrics such as total harmonic distortion (THD), voltage stability, and power factor are analyzed. Results show that fuzzy controllers significantly improve power quality and system response.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 666-675
Publish at: 2025-09-01

OFF-grid efficiency evaluation of an inverter dependent on solar PV generator in Iraq

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp761-768
Bilal Abdullah Nasir , Kutaiba Khalaf Khaleel , Mohammed Ahmed Khalaf
The solar photovoltaic (PV) inverter weighted efficiency is more precise and favorable as it mainly deems the inverter output power properties when exposed to disparate solar PV irradiance. The European metrical efficiency (πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚), presently, is the bulk broadly admissible in inverter efficiency calculation. This is due to, historically, the European countries have been the biggest exporters and spent of solar PV inverters everywhere in the world. The European efficiency (πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚) is a concluded metric relying on a standardized European irradiance profile. However, the rendition weightings embedded in this metric may not be fully representative or appropriate for photovoltaic inverters deployed in regions characterized by different climatic conditions, particularly in equatorial and subtropical environments. Accordingly, this study aims to validate the proposed assumption and develop a novel metrical efficiency equation for inverters operating in the Iraqi climate, specifically Baghdad city, relying on the IEC 61683:1999 criterion and the inverter load-duration curve. The proposed formula, validated with field data from an SMA-SB-4000-TL inverter, estimated the energy outcome of a 5.0β€―kW off-grid SPV system in Baghdad with a 2% deviation from measured values. These results validate the use of Ξ·_EURO tailored to Baghdad conditions as a reliable alternative to πœ‚πΈπ‘ˆπ‘…π‘‚ or πœ‚π‘€π΄π‘‹. This enhances the accuracy of system energy yield estimation, investment return calculations, and payback period assessment for solar PV systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 761-768
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Potential as biogas energy and organic fertilizer: a mixture of rice husks and cow dung on full scale anaerobic digestion

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp533-540
Hashfi Hawali Abdul Matin , Syafrudin Syafrudin , Suherman Suherman , Budiyono Budiyono , Iqbal Syaichurrozi
Rice husk is a biomass that can potentially be converted into biogas energy. In this research, a study was carried out regarding the effect of alkaline pretreatment and then a study related to the potential for developing biogas from rice husks in Indonesia and a study related to the potential utilization of biogas by-products in the form of slurry as solid organic fertilizer. So, the main objective is to determine the effect of alkaline pretreatment of rice husks on the potential development of rice husks as raw material for biogas production on a full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD). Research related to the effect of alkaline pretreatment using 3% NaOH by immersion in the substrate for 24 hours was carried out on a lab scale. The variable TS is set at 27%, C/N ratio is 35, uses a 2-liter digester, and measurements are carried out every other day for 60 days. Furthermore, the up-scale was carried out with an AD fixed dome model with a volume of 6 m3. In this study, it was found that pre-treatment with 3% NaOH increased biogas productivity by 1.6 times higher. The potential for rice husk to be converted into biogas energy can reach 3.5 million liters of biogas by 2022. The by-product of biogas in the form of slurry also has the potential to be used as solid organic fertilizer directly. Parameter tests that have been carried out show that the slurry in biogas from rice husks that have gone through a 60-day AD fermentation process complies with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 7763:2018 concerning solid organic fertilizers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 533-540
Publish at: 2025-09-01

An improved hybrid AC to DC converter suitable for electric vehicles applications

10.11591/ijeecs.v39.i3.pp1499-1513
Khaled A. Mahafzah , Mohamad A. Obeidat , Hesham Alsalem , Ayman Mansour , Eleonora Riva Sanseverino
This paper introduces a novel hybrid AC-DC converter designed for various applications like DC micro-grids, Electric Vehicle setups, and the integration of renewable energy resources into electric grids. The suggested hybrid converter involves a diode bridge rectifier, two interconnected single ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) and Flyback converters, and two additional auxiliary controlled switches. These extra switches facilitate switching between SEPIC, Flyback, or a combination of both. The paper ex-tensively discusses the operational modes using mathematical equations, deriving specific duty cycles for each switch based on the circuit parameters. This hybrid converter aims to decrease total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line current. The findings exhibit a THD of approximately 14.51%, showcasing a 3% reduction compared to prior hybrid converters, thereby enhancing the power factor of the line current. Furthermore, at rated load conditions, the proposed converter achieves 90% efficiency. To validate the proposed hybrid converter’s functionality, a 4.5 kW converter is simulated and performed using MATLAB/Simulink after configuring the appropriate passive parameters.
Volume: 39
Issue: 3
Page: 1499-1513
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Modelling and optimization of hybrid renewable energy system using SBLA-MAT algorithm

10.11591/ijpeds.v16.i3.pp1897-1913
Arun Kumar Udayakumar , P. Ashok , Mohan Das Raman , Krishnakumar Ramasamy , Mohammad Amir
In order to enhance the reliability and economic feasibility of power systems, this research presents a hybrid control method for the optimal design of hybrid renewable energy sources (RES), including fuel cells, solar photovoltaic (PV), and wind power. Optimization of the power system to enhance efficiency and reduce downtime is achieved using the side blotched lizard optimization with multi-objective artificial tree algorithm (SBL MAT). The research intends to reduce costs in wind, PV, and FC scenarios and make it reliable for load delivery at a low cost and high level of dependability. While a mathematical model of SBL behavior demonstrates the need to discover and implement global optimizing approaches, the MAT algorithm resolves the supervised classification challenge. Possible benefits of the proposed technology include increased reliability and decreased maintenance costs for electrical systems. The proposed approach enables cost-effective and reliable load generation from PV, wind, and fuel cell systems, regardless of the volatility of the weather. Using MATLAB/Simulink, the assessment of parameters like recall, specificity, accuracy and precision is carried out and the results were 99.91%, 99.85%, 99.65%, and 99.325%, respectively. The parameters loss of load expectation (LOLE) and loss of energy expectation (LOEE) are calculated for analysis using both current and future technology.
Volume: 16
Issue: 3
Page: 1897-1913
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Battery cycle life and throughput optimization in wireless communication system with energy harvesting capability

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp600-612
Omar Enassiri , Youssef Rochdi , Ouadoudi Zytoune
This research paper proposes a novel approach to address the energy challenges faced by internet of things (IoT) devices. The wireless communication system involves a transmitter equipped with energy harvesting module that charges both a rechargeable battery and a capacitor through an energy storage management system (ESMS). This ESMS is based on a reinforcement learning algorithm to dynamically switch between the battery and the capacitor, ensuring efficient power utilization. This reinforcement learning algorithm enables the device to learn and adapt its energy consumption patterns based on environmental conditions and usage, optimizing energy usage over time. Additionally, the system employs a rainflow counting method to estimate the state-of-health (SoH) of the battery, ensuring its longevity and overall system performance. By combining these approaches, the proposed system aims to significantly improve the energy efficiency and lifespan of IoT devices, as well as the amount of data sent for different temperature ranges, ultimately enhancing their cost-effectiveness and performance.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 600-612
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Comparative analysis of MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems: classical, fuzzy logic, and sliding mode approaches

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp688-700
Mohamed El hafydy , Mohamed Benydir , Elmahni Lahoussine , Elmoutawakil Alaoui My Rachid , Youssef Oubail
This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategies for photovoltaic systems, focusing on the classical perturb and observe (P&O) method, an artificial intelligence based fuzzy logic controller (FLC), and a robust sliding mode control (SMC) technique. These methods aim to maximize power output by dynamically adapting to rapid and unpredictable environmental variations, such as changes in solar irradiance. Simulations performed the MATLAB/Simulink environment under diverse real-world scenarios demonstrate that SMC and FLC outperform the conventional P&O approach, particularly under conditions of sudden and severe environmental in fluctuations. The findings highlight the advanced controllers’ ability to sustain optimal power extraction, minimize energy losses, and maintain system stability across varying operating conditions. These results underscore the potential of SMC-based MPPT systems to enhance the efficiency and resilience of renewable energy applications, making them highly viable for deployment in real-world scenarios characterized by volatile environmental conditions.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 688-700
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Model predictive control based frequency regulation of microgrid with integration of distributed energy resources

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp551-559
Sarbjeet Kaur , Surbhi Gupta
Power generation sector has become more prevalent in the use of renewable energy sources resulting in more complex and non-linear network. Microgrids are becoming the best alternative solution in remote areas where the distribution network is infeasible. However, the intermittent nature of distributed renewable energy resources can result in a generation and demand mismatch instigating frequency variation which is a crucial concern. Thus, modern power system requires increasing intelligence and flexibility to cope up with the generation-load mismatch. Efficient control techniques are of vital importance in maintaining the frequency near the nominal value, and the selection of the controller is crucial in maintaining the reliable, effective, and steady functioning of the power system. The present study demonstrates frequency control in islanded microgrid with disruptions in load demand using the model predictive control by efficiently managing the energy storage with integration of large-scale renewable energy sources. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model predictive controller (MPC) is presented by comparing its performance with proportional integral controller and proportional integral tuned with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) through simulations in MATLAB environment.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 551-559
Publish at: 2025-09-01

Parallel operation of transformers to optimize a 33 KV loop of power system

10.11591/ijape.v14.i3.pp579-587
Ethmane Isselem Arbih Mahmoud , Ahmed Abbou , Abdel Kader Mahmoud
This research investigates the viability of a perpetually scalable generation system to accommodate the anticipated growth in domestic load demands on the 33 kV loop network over the period from 2025 to 2040. This is achieved by analysis current situation of network through the voltages, loading lines, and transformers, within the permissible loading limits of the system. In this context, it is assumed that the loop is supplied by an ideal infinite power source. A numerical model utilizing the Gauss-Seidel (GS) method is developed and executed within the PSS/E simulator. The current operational state of the network will be simulated, with a focus on analyzing the voltage profile, which is expected to remain within the range of 0.095 to 1.05 per unit (p.u.). Demand forecasts are based on industrial growth projections for the cities interconnected with the 33 kV loop. The simulation results will demonstrate the feasibility of increasing active power transmission while maintaining effective control over reactive power by the year 2040. Furthermore, solutions will be proposed to address the identified critical path issues. To meet the projected demand, these solutions will involve doubling the capacity of the existing transformers. The proposed system will mitigate load imbalances and stabilize voltage fluctuations by effectively managing rapid variations in reactive power demand. As a result, it improves power quality for industrial consumers.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 579-587
Publish at: 2025-09-01
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