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27,404 Article Results

Students’ character based on gender, grade, and school: religious, nationalism, integrity, independent and cooperative

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.29347
An-Nisa Apriani , Riki Perdana , Harun Harun , Indah Perdana Sari , Wury Wuryandani , Ahmad Salim , Andi Wahyudi , Riwayani Riwayani
This study aims to describe students’ character value and reveal the relationship of character values in elementary school children based on gender, grade and type of the school. The character values analyzed include religion, nationalism, integrity, independence, and cooperative values. This research was a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design by explaining and analyzing the results using Jeffrey’s amazing statistics program (JASP) software and students’ character values was categorized and described according to the aspect, gender, grade, and type of the school. Character of elementary school children (CESC) questionnaire was used as an instrument in this study. CESC have very good internal consistency (0.80 to 0.87) and have suitability construct model. The respondent of this study was 862 students obtained through the stratified random sampling randomly technique in elementary school at Yogyakarta Province. The result of this study confirmed that the students’ character value is a high level. The lowest aspect is integrity (2.40), while the highest aspect is religious (3.16). There is a relationship between the character values: religion, nationalism, integrity, independent, and cooperative values. It indicates that policymakers or teachers should improve students’ character value by training or applying a learning model that focuses explicitly on students’ character.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1916-1929
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Navigating complexities in on-the-job training at vocational institutions: a systematic literature review

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.31977
Selvi Rajamanickam , Ridzwan Che Rus , Mohd Nazri Abdul Raji
This study aims to systematically review and analyze the integration of fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) technologies into technical and vocational education and training (TVET) through on-the-job training (OJT), focusing on key themes such as skills development in the digital age, workforce productivity, relevance of IR 4.0 technologies, and the role of OJT in TVET. Additionally, it seeks to identify the challenges and best practices associated with this integration, offering actionable insights for policymakers, educators, and industry stakeholders to enhance skills development and workforce adaptability in the context of the IR 4.0. A systematic literature review was conducted to understand the multifaceted challenges and opportunities surrounding OJT programs within TVET institutions. Given TVET’s vital role in equipping individuals with workforce-relevant skills, optimizing OJT programs is crucial for meeting modern industry demands. The PRISMA framework guided the review, using advanced search techniques on databases such as Scopus, ERIC, and IEEE, leading to the analysis of 35 primary sources. The review addressed areas including the adaptation of training to modern technologies, labor market outcomes, innovative practices for competency development, and ensuring equity and access in vocational training. It identified best practices, highlighted knowledge gaps, and provided recommendations to optimize OJT in TVET. Key findings emphasized aligning OJT with emerging technologies, enhancing employment outcomes, promoting innovative training methods, and ensuring inclusive and effective vocational training. The study concludes by offering recommendations to improve the quality and outcomes of OJT in TVET, ensuring alignment with evolving workforce and industry needs.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1856-1869
Publish at: 2025-06-01

An improved internal and external resilience framework for new high school teachers

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.31186
Wan Mohd Agil Mat Yamin , Lim Hooi Lian
The concept of resilience gained widespread recognition in the teaching profession as some new high school teachers are confronted with various challenges and pressures, which cause some of them to leave the profession during the first four to five years of their employment. By considering the guidance new high school teachers need to survive and retain their profession, this qualitative study aimed to identify resilient strategies used by new high school teachers. This study focuses on semi-structured interviews with twelve new high school teachers. After performing a thematic analysis, this study found internal and external resilience, with five strategies new high school teachers use to overcome challenges and pressures (internal: professional, emotional, and motivational; external: social and spiritual). This study validates the applicability of Mansfield’s four-dimensional teacher resilience frameworks (professional, emotional, motivational, and social resilience) to the resistance of new high school teachers in Malaysia. This study also improved Mansfield’s framework through its findings by considering a new dimension, spiritual resilience. The Malaysian Ministry of Education, specifically through public universities that train future high school teachers, can use these resilient strategies to develop intervention programs that enhance their resilience, thereby fulfilling the objectives of the Malaysia Education Development Plan (MEDP) 2013–2025.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 1608-1620
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Factors affecting engineering students’ self-perceived employability in Morocco

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.31797
Zineb Sabri , Ahmed Remaida , Benyoussef Abdellaoui , Abdessalam Ait Madi , Aniss Qostal , Fatima Ezzahra Chadli , Youssef Fakhri , Aniss Moumen
In a dynamic socio-economic world, perceiving a career opportunity and job prospects has become complex. The number of unemployed individuals is rising despite the increasing number of students pursuing higher education. This study is suggested to enhance students’ professional insertion, guide their career development initiatives, and help them acquire the skills demanded by prospective employers, thereby increasing their likelihood of employment. For this goal, this study investigates the determinants impacting self-perceived employability (SPE) among engineering students. Following a quantitative approach to explain how personal and contextual factors impact perceived employability, more than 350 Moroccan engineering students responded to a questionnaire for data collection, which had an internal consistency of 0.90. Data analysis employing advanced statistical techniques using structural equations modeling (SEM) to conduct descriptive, regression, and mediation analysis. The findings highlight that academic performance, university contribution, and personal circumstances significantly influence perceived employability, while generic skills have a minor effect. Furthermore, personal determinants are identified as stronger than contextual ones. The results provide several recommendations to stakeholders such as university administrations, teaching staff, employers, the Ministry of Education, and graduates. Additionally, they offer an insightful exploration of the intricate interactions among factors that enhance employability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2132-2143
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Bridging technology and humanity: humanizing online pedagogy in digital environments

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.31937
Nor Asiah Razak , Che Zalina Zulkifli , Yusri Abdullah , Ahmad Zulfadhli Khairuddin , Aervina Misron , Piriya Somasundram , Azizova Gulnora Shakirdjanovna
Comprehensive analyses on incorporating the intersection of online education, humanizing teaching approaches, and digital tools remain scarce. To the best of the authors' knowledge, limited comprehensive studies integrate online pedagogy and digital tools to humanize teaching methods, enabling students to become engaged and personalized learners, while fostering empathy among educators. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, utilizing databases from the Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Google Scholar. The study employed content and comparative analysis and advocated a grounded theory approach to inductively analyses and navigate the articles’ data for addressing three research questions. Based on a set of criteria for inclusion and exclusion, 34 research articles written in English between 2010 and 2024 were reviewed. Results indicated the community of inquiry (CoI) framework has been prominent over the past two decades and is considered suitable for integration with any digital tools when investigating pedagogical strategies at all education levels, aiming to make online learning student-centered or human-centered with the principle of ‘no child left behind'. The review offers significant implications for humanizing online learning to the educational technology community, particularly for policymakers and practitioners, to strategies, reflect on, and, if necessary, improve their practices for future sustainable education and efficient pedagogical performance. 
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2207-2223
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Leveraging active learning practices for effectiveness of higher education: performance based investigation

10.11591/ijere.v14i3.30325
Vignesh Saravanan Kirubakara , Swarna Sudha Muppudathi , Jothi Thilaga Paul Ayyadurai , Sakthi Priya Gomathi Nayagam
Engineering graduates in India struggle with employability due to outdated curricula and ineffective teaching methods, which limit their ability to apply knowledge and think critically. A performance-based study investigated the impact of active learning (AL) techniques in technical education using methods like concept mapping, role-playing, virtual labs, and collaborative coding in computer science and engineering courses. The findings showed a 35% to 40% improvement in academic results compared to traditional methods, along with significant boosts in student engagement, comprehension, and critical thinking. Student feedback and performance evaluations strongly favored AL. Cluster analysis revealed fewer slow learners, highlighting its effectiveness in meeting diverse needs. The study concludes that integrating AL can better prepare students for the job market and enrich their educational experience.
Volume: 14
Issue: 3
Page: 2327-2336
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Study of a model of a satellite structure that meets the necessary criteria for stability and rotation in space

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp502-512
Mahmoud Fadhel Idan , Osamah Mahmood Hussein
The study aimed to create a model of a satellite structure that meets the necessary criteria for stability and rotation in space. The satellite being analyzed has an octagonal shape, with a diameter of 110 cm and a height of 85 cm. A dynamic modeling approach was used to analyze the structural properties, and the finite element method (FEM) was employed for computational analysis. This method allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of stress, displacement, and vibration distribution throughout the structure, providing insight into the behavior of the communications satellite in space. The test model frame consists of plates and bars arranged in an octagonal shape. The analysis utilized the von Mises stress (σvM) criterion to assess the yield strength or brittleness of the chosen material, 7,057 aluminum alloy. The study revealed that the structure demonstrates stability in six different modes but also exhibits deformation due to modifications in the basic arrangement. Additionally, transient fluctuations in the spacecraft's position over a 24-hour cycle result in changes in torque. The structure remains stable within a specified frequency range starting at 150 Hz when subjected to vibration stimuli, and no external instability was detected within this range.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 502-512
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Impact of natural-white and red-blue light-emitting diode lighting on hydroponic basil growth and energy efficiency

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp406-415
Chaiyant Boonmee , Warunee Srisongkram , Wipada Wongsuriya , Patcharanan Sritanauthaikorn , Paiboon Kiatsookkanatorn , Napat Watjanatepin
Advanced phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes (pc-WLEDs) have been developed to mimic the natural sunlight spectrum, potentially enhancing plant growth compared to traditional red-blue (R-B) LEDs. This study aimed to compare the effects of natural-white pc-WLED (nsW-pcLED) and conventional R-B LED (R:B 3.24) on the growth, yield, and energy efficiency of hydroponically grown sweet basil. It was cultivated in a deep-water culture system under identical conditions with a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200±10 µmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ and a 16/8 light/dark photoperiod over 28 days. Key growth parameters, including plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and plant fresh weight (PFW), were measured, while energy consumption was recorded to assess efficiency. Results indicated that nsW-pcLED significantly enhanced growth, with plants achieving an average height of 44.30±1.51 cm, stem diameter of 6.68±0.21 mm, and a PFW of 34.20±6.12 g, compared to 35.88±4.05 cm, 4.66±0.88 mm, and 23.02±5.26 g under R-B LED (p <0.05), respectively. The nsW-pcLED treatment produced an average net growth of 1,221 g·m⁻² versus 536.43 g·m⁻² for R-B LED and delivered 33.05 g·m⁻²·kW·h⁻¹ compared to 11.17 g·m⁻²·kW·h⁻¹, while consuming 23% less energy. These findings highlight nsW-pcLED’s superior performance for indoor hydroponic cultivation. Future studies should explore its application in large-scale systems and across diverse crop species.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 406-415
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Optimization of cashew apple extract as a tomato sauce substitute in chicken steak marinades

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp590-597
Siti Susanti , Fatma Puji Lestari , Agus Setiadi , Budi Hartoyo , Ahmad Ni'matullah Al-Baarri
This study aims to optimize the use of cashew apple extract (CAE) as a substitute for tomato sauce in marinades and evaluate its effects on the chemical and sensory qualities of chicken steak. Four different marinade formulations containing varying concentrations of CAE (0, 5, 10, and 15%) were applied to chicken steak samples. Chemical analyses measured protein, fat content, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) levels, while sensory evaluations were conducted to assess tenderness, juiciness, aroma, and overall preference using a semi-trained panel. The results demonstrated that increasing CAE concentrations significantly elevated protein content (p<0.05) and reduced fat levels. PAH levels were below detectable limits in all samples, suggesting the marinade’s potential in reducing PAH formation. Sensory analysis revealed that the 5% CAE marinade was the most preferred, particularly for tenderness and juiciness. These findings suggest that CAE is a viable alternative to tomato sauce in marinades, offering both nutritional benefits and consumer acceptability.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 590-597
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Combining XGBoost and hybrid filtering algorithm in e-commerce recommendation system

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp618-626
Vincentius Loanka Sinaga , Antoni Wibowo
This study proposes a hybrid filtering algorithm (HFA) that combines extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), content-based filtering (CBF), and collaborative filtering (CF) to improve recommendation accuracy in electronic commerce (e-commerce). XGBoost first leverages demographic data (e.g., age, gender, and location) to address cold start conditions, producing an initial product prediction; CBF refines this prediction by measuring product similarities through term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) and cosine similarity, while CF (implemented via singular value decomposition) further incorporates user interaction patterns to enhance recommendations. Experimental results across multiple datasets demonstrate that HFA consistently outperforms standalone XGBoost in key metrics, including precision, F1-score, and hit ratio (HR). HFA’s precision often exceeds 90%, indicating fewer irrelevant recommendations. Although recall levels remain modest, HFA exhibits stronger adaptability under cold start scenarios due to its reliance on demographic features and user-item interactions. These findings highlight the efficacy of combining advanced machine learning with hybrid filtering techniques, offering a more robust and context-aware solution for e-commerce recommendation systems.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 618-626
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Enhancing artificial neural network performance for energy efficiency in laboratories through principal component analysis

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp310-321
Desmira Desmira , Norazhar Abu Bakar , Mustofa Abi Hamid , Muhammad Hakiki , Affero Ismail , Radinal Fadli
This study investigates energy efficiency challenges during laboratory activities. Inefficient energy use in the practicum phase remains a critical issue, prompting the exploration of innovative forecasting models. This research employs artificial neural network (ANN) models integrated with principal component analysis (PCA) to predict energy consumption and optimize usage. The findings reveal that PCA components, including eigenvalues, eigenvectors, and matrix covariance values, significantly influence the ANN model's performance in forecasting energy production. The ANN training achieved a high correlation coefficient (R=1) with a mean squared error (MSE) of 0.045931 after 200,000 epochs, demonstrating the model's robustness. While testing results showed a moderate correlation (R=0.46169), the models demonstrated potential for refinement and scalability. This integration of ANN and PCA models provides a reliable framework for accurately forecasting energy usage, offering an effective strategy to enhance energy efficiency in laboratory settings. By optimizing energy consumption, this approach has the potential to reduce operational costs and environmental impact. The strong performance metrics highlight the practical utility of these models in educational contexts, contributing to sustainable energy management and better resource allocation. Furthermore, the reduction in energy-related environmental impacts underscores the broader applicability of these models for fostering sustainable development in similar contexts.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 310-321
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Comparative study on fine-tuning deep learning models for fruit and vegetable classification

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp384-393
Abd Rasid Mamat , Mohamad Afendee Mohamed , Mohd Fadzil Abd Kadir , Norkhairani Abdul Rawi , Azim Zaliha Abd Aziz , Wan Suryani Wan Awang
Fruit and vegetable recognition and classification can be a challenging task due to their diverse nature and have become a focal point in the agricultural sector. In addition to that, the classification of fruits and vegetables increases the cost of labor and time. In recent years, deep learning applications have surged to the forefront, offering promising solutions. Particularly, the classification of fruits using image features has garnered significant attention from researchers, reflecting the growing importance of this area in the agricultural domain. In this work, the focus was on fine-tuning hyperparameters and the evaluation of a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for the classification of fruits and vegetables. Among the hyperparameters studied are the number of batch size, number of epochs, type of optimizer, rectified unit, and dropout. The dataset used is the fruit_vegetable dataset which consists of 36 classes and each class contains 1,000 images. The results show that the proposed model based on the batch size=64 and the number of epochs=25, produces the most optimal model with an accuracy value (training) of 99.02%, while the validation is 95.73% and the loss is 6.06% (minimum).
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 384-393
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Security analysis of Indonesia e-commerce platform against the risk of phishing attacks

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp533-541
Gede Arna Jude Saskara , Made Ody Gita Permana , I Made Gede Sunarya
This research analyses the security of e-commerce platforms in Indonesia against the risk of phishing attacks using the social-engineer toolkit (SET) application. Of the 31 platforms tested, it was found that 22 platforms have a low-security level because they can be easily replicated to carry out phishing attacks. In contrast, 9 platforms showed a high level of security, as they implemented the step-wise authentication and embedded login methods, which proved effective in protecting the platform from phishing attacks. The effectiveness rate of the SET application in conducting tests was recorded at 70.9%; the percentage is included in the high category. This research also identified that most low-security platforms still use the single-page login method or a special URL for login, making them very vulnerable to phishing attacks. The action research method was used as the research framework, involving five stages: diagnosis, planning, action, evaluation, and learning. The results of this study provide important guidance for platform owners to improve security mechanisms, how to build a login page to avoid the risk of misuse by cybercrime actors to conduct phishing attacks, and for users as a reference to choose a more secure e-commerce platform.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 533-541
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Usability evaluation of ToAksara as Balinese script learning mobile application

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp490-501
Gede Indrawan , Sariyasa Sariyasa , Luh Joni Erawati Dewi , Made Santo Gitakarma , I Made Agus Oka Gunawan , Putu Ade Pranata
ToAksara application transliterates Latin text into Balinese script and has been used in high school teaching and learning activities in Buleleng Regency, Bali, Indonesia. This application was expected to provide comfort and satisfaction for students while learning the Balinese language and script. To measure the comfort and satisfaction level, a usability evaluation was carried out that focused on the application's end user. This research used a combination of concurrent think-aloud (CTA) and user experience questionnaire (UEQ) to evaluate ToAksara. In CTA, data collection involved nine respondents given a task scenario and expressing their problems or input. In UEQ, data collection involved 385 respondents who chose the value closest to their impression of 26 statements. Based on the analysis results, CTA produced several recommendations for improving the application regarding navigation, functionality, and errors. Based on the analysis, the user satisfaction results showed that all aspects were included in the excellent category. The aspects of attractiveness, perspicuity, efficiency, dependability, stimulation, and novelty each produced a value of 2.144, 2.220, 2.385, 2.345, 2.139, and 2.101. The excellent category shows that ToAksara was included in the range of the top 10% of products compared to the UEQ benchmark.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 490-501
Publish at: 2025-06-01

Energy efficient direct transesterification of Nannochloropsis sp. using hydrodynamic cavitation

10.11591/ijaas.v14.i2.pp394-405
Jiran Nirmalasari , Martomo Setyawan , Siti Jamilatun , Joko Pitoyo , Dhias Cahya Hakika
The increasingly limited supply of fossil fuels requires renewable fuel as an alternative source. Nannochloropsis sp. is a microalgae species containing a lipid content of between 12 and 53%, which can be converted to biofuel as an alternative source of fossil fuels through a transesterification process. Up to this date, the literature has reported no studies on biodiesel production from Nannochloropsis sp. via direct transesterification with catalyst using hydrodynamic cavitation. The direct transesterification process introduced 7.5 g of microalgae, 40 ml of methanol, 90 ml of hexane, and 0.0225 g of sodium hydroxide into the sample chamber. These mixtures were passed within the cavitation using a pressure driver and transformed into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The catalytic hydrodynamic cavitation method produces a higher extract yield than the stirring one. Regarding the FAME composition, the catalytic hydrodynamic cavitation method is dominated by saturated fatty acid (palmitic), while the stirring catalytic method is dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid (oleic). The hydrodynamic cavitation method provides a lower average degree of unsaturation and shorter chain length than the stirring catalytic method.
Volume: 14
Issue: 2
Page: 394-405
Publish at: 2025-06-01
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