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29,734 Article Results

Development of numerical model-based photovoltaic emulator for half-cut cell PV panel with multiple peaks output characteristics curve emulation capability

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp343-358
Jordan S. Z. Lee , Jia Shun Koh , Rodney H. G. Tan , Nadia M. L. Tan , Thanikanti Sudhakar Babu
This study introduces a photovoltaic (PV) emulator focusing on a developed numerical model specifically for half-cut cell PV panels under partial shading conditions (PSCs), addressing a gap in research focused on full-cell models. The emulator uses a DC-DC buck converter and PI control to accurately replicate half-cut cell PV panel characteristics. A cost-effective hardware prototype validated the model's effectiveness in emulating multi-peak PV behavior under dynamic PSCs with up to three peaks and user-defined shading. This flexible and affordable platform enables efficient testing of MPPT algorithms and grid integration for PV systems using increasingly prevalent half-cut cell technology. Simulation results show high accuracy, with MAPE in power as low as 0.175% under uniform irradiance conditions and less than 0.302% under multi-peaks PSCs. Hardware validation confirms reliability with low MAPE in the power of 0.499% under uniform conditions and below 0.614% multi-peak PSCs, demonstrating the developed half-cut cell PV panel numerical model's accuracy in reproducing dynamic shading effects for renewable energy research.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 343-358
Publish at: 2026-03-01

A three isolated port DC/DC converter for an energy storage system for renewable energy applications

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp533-552
Faruk Ahmeti , Dimitar Arnaudov , Sabrije Osmanaj
The use of renewable energy sources like solar photovoltaic, wind, and fuel cells is gaining popularity due to growing environmental awareness, technological advancements, and declining production costs. Power electronic converters are usually used to convert the power from renewable sources to match the load demand and grid requirements. Among these, DC–DC converters are essential for improving system functionality and power density, especially in low-voltage renewable systems that require high voltage gain. This paper presents a systematic evaluation of five advanced DC-DC converter topologies: multi-port DC, boost multiport interleaved step-up, isolated bidirectional, voltage/current fed, and general resonant focusing on their structural complexity, component count, and potential application scenarios. In addition, a novel high-gain three-port resonant A DC-DC converter is proposed, incorporating galvanic isolation via a three-winding high-frequency transformer. The converter adopts a half-bridge resonant inverter and rectifier-based load port, resulting in a compact and cost-effective solution. A detailed analysis of the converter's operation, design considerations, and control strategy is conducted using PLECS simulation. Furthermore, an experimental setup is developed to validate the converter’s practical feasibility. The setup schematic and comprehensive comparative tables are included to support the evaluation and highlight the proposed design’s capabilities.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 533-552
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Solar power forecasting using a SARIMA approach for Indonesia's grid integration

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp293-302
Ricky Maulana , Syafii Syafii , Aulia Aulia
Indonesia’s transition toward a renewable energy-dominated power grid is progressing to meet increasing energy demands while reducing dependence on fossil fuels. According to the National Energy General Plan, their goal is to have 23% of the energy mix come from renewables by 2025 and 31% by 2050. Accurate forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power output is crucial to address the intermittent nature of solar energy and ensure grid stability. A seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model was developed to estimate day-ahead photovoltaic power output in Padang City, Indonesia. Using NASA solar irradiance data from March 1-31, 2024, the SARIMA(1,0,1)(4,0,3)24 model achieved high accuracy with an NRMSE of 4.19%. To evaluate its performance, a comparative evaluation was conducted between the SARIMA model and two machine learning methods, namely artificial neural network (ANN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), in which SARIMA achieved the lowest forecasting error. These findings indicate that SARIMA remains an effective and interpretable statistical method for short-term PV forecasting, supporting reliable energy planning and power grid operations towards Indonesia's renewable energy goals.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 293-302
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Performance enhancement of photovoltaic systems using hybrid LSTM-CNN solar forecasting integrated with P&O MPPT

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp696-708
Sara Fennane , Houda Kacimi , Hamza Mabchour , Fatehi ALtalqi , Adil Echchelh
The increasing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems in smart grids highlights the need for reliable solutions to mitigate the inherent intermittency of solar energy. Short-term variability in solar irradiance remains a critical challenge for stable grid operation and efficient PV energy management. This paper proposes an integrated forecasting-control framework that combines short-term global horizontal irradiance (GHI) prediction with a conventional P&O MPPT strategy to enhance PV system performance. A hybrid LSTM-CNN architecture is developed to forecast one-step-ahead GHI under the semi-arid climatic conditions of Dakhla, Morocco, a region characterized by high solar potential and pronounced irradiance fluctuations. The forecasting model is validated using measured irradiance data from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) via the National Solar Radiation Database (NSRDB). Predicted irradiance is then used to improve PV power estimation and support predictive maximum power point tracking (MPPT) operation. Simulation results obtained in MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed framework achieves accurate GHI forecasting, faster MPPT convergence, reduced steady-state oscillations, and improved PV power stability under rapidly changing irradiance. The proposed approach provides a practical and computationally efficient solution for enhancing the dynamic response and energy extraction efficiency of PV systems in smart grid applications.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 696-708
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Efficiency of squirrel-cage induction motors with copper and aluminum rotors

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp223-237
Ines Bula Bunjaku , Edin Bula
This study presents a method for estimating efficiency in three-phase squirrel-cage induction motors with copper and aluminum rotor cages. A detailed two-dimensional transient finite-element model of a 1.25 kW motor was created and analyzed under rated conditions (500 V, 50 Hz, 990 rpm, 75 °C) to determine torque, slip, losses, and efficiency. Finite-element results confirmed the copper rotor's advantage, with 11.0% higher efficiency (85.1% compared to 76.7%) and 37.5% lower rotor-cage losses (80 W compared to 128 W) compared to aluminum. For rapid efficiency prediction, both Mamdani-type fuzzy inference system (FIS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) models were developed using simulation data. The fuzzy system showed a maximum deviation of 0.8% for the copper rotor, while the neuro-fuzzy approach achieved effective nonlinear mapping for both rotor types with R² = 0.872 against finite-element benchmarks. Sensitivity tests with ±0.3% slip and ±15 W loss variations maintained estimation errors below 2.5%. This combined simulation and intelligent system methodology enables practical efficiency evaluation and rotor material comparison for motor condition assessment and industrial energy management.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 223-237
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Performance evaluation of dynamic voltage restorer using bidirectional impedance converter with UCAP

10.11591/ijpeds.v17.i1.pp465-475
A. Anitha , K. C. R. Nisha
With the involvement of renewable energy sources, plug-in hybrid automobiles, and fault occurrence, power quality has degraded nowadays. The most effective device utilized in distribution systems to enhance power quality is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). For deep sags, DVR with storage topology is more beneficial, although it has challenges with converter and storage element rating. To address this, various converters and energy storage elements like ultracapacitors are reviewed. In this paper, a DVR with an ultra-capacitor (UCAP) using an impedance bidirectional converter is simulated, and power quality indices are compared with VSI-BDC. The simulation result reflects the enhanced capability of the suggested DVR in a wide range of operations, improved power quality indices, and its effectiveness in swell conditions. The control of DC link voltage with PI and model predictive control (MPC) were simulated and compared.
Volume: 17
Issue: 1
Page: 465-475
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Optimizing call center agent efficiency through deep learning-based classifications using SMFCCAE

10.11591/ijres.v15.i1.pp31-41
Ramachandran Periyasamy , Manikandan Govindaraji , I. Nasurulla , V. Srinivasan , K. Rama Devi
Call centers are vital to business operations worldwide, acting as the primary interface between companies and their customers. They handle customer inquiries, manage complaints, and facilitate telephonic sales, making them essential to customer service. However, ensuring quality in the call center industry remains challenging, primarily due to the heavy reliance on call center representatives (CSRs) who manage high volumes of calls. Traditional methods of evaluating CSR performance often rely on manual assessments of small call samples, which can be time-consuming and limited in scope. With the advancement of deep learning techniques (DLTs), there is an opportunity to more accurately assess CSR performance. This study introduces the selecting minimal features for call center agents efficiency (SMFCCE) approach, which optimizes feature selection from CSR data to enhance classification accuracy and speed. The proposed method achieves approximately 85% accuracy, offering valuable insights and recommendations for improving overall call center operations.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 31-41
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Implementation of the soil health monitoring system to achieve better yield

10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp308-318
S. R. Bhagyashree , Guddappa Halligudra , Anupama Sindagi , Madhu Nagaraj , C. Shyamala , Shaista Tarannum , R. Thailagavathy , T. R. Yashavantha Kumar
Agriculture is a fundamental pillar of the economy, particularly in developing countries where a significant proportion of the population depends on farming for their livelihood. Crop productivity is influenced by soil type and its changing chemical properties. A lack of understanding of soil health, crop-specific nutrient requirements, and the interaction between water and the environment often leads to inappropriate irrigation and fertilizer use. As a result, crops receive either excessive or insufficient nutrients, leading to reduced yields and the waste of water, energy, and other valuable resources. To address these issues, this paper presents an IoT-based soil health monitoring system that supports sustainable crop management. The proposed system integrates sensors to monitor key soil parameters such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and pH levels in real time. Based on the collected data, the system autonomously adjusts irrigation and environmental conditions to maintain soil health. This approach improves crop productivity, optimizes resource utilization, and promotes energy conservation in agricultural systems.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 308-318
Publish at: 2026-03-01

High impedance fault discrimination in microgrid power system using stacking ensemble approach

10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp98-109
Arangarajan Vinayagam , Raman Mohandas , Meyyappan Chindamani , Bhadravathi Gavirangapa Sujatha , Soumya Mishra , Arivoli Sundaramurthy
High impedance (HI) faults in microgrid (MG) power systems are non-linear, intermittent, and have low fault current magnitudes, making them challenging to detect by typical protective systems. Consequently, it is imperative to implement a sophisticated protection system that is dependent on the precision of fault detection. In this study, a stacking ensemble classifier (SEC) is proposed to discriminate HI fault from other transients within a photovoltaic (PV) generated MG power system. The MG model is simulated with the introduction of faults and transients. The features of data set from event signals are generated using the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technique. The dataset is used to train the individual classifiers (Naïve Bayes (NB), decision tree J48 (DTJ), and K-nearest neighbors (KNN)) at initial and meta learner in the final stage of SEC. The SEC outperforms other classification methods with respect to accuracy of classification, rate of success in detecting HI fault, and performance measures. The outcomes of the classification study conducted under standard test conditions (STC) of solar PV and the noisy environment of event signals clearly demonstrate that the SEC is more dependable and performs better than the individual base classification approaches.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 98-109
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Enhancing security in portable solar power supply design for alternative energy applications

10.11591/ijape.v15.i1.pp120-131
Syafii Syafii , Benny Dwika Leonanda , Novizon Novizon , Rindina Armysa
Access to reliable electricity remains a challenge in remote and off-grid areas, where conventional power sources are often unreliable or unavailable. This paper presents the design and development of an internet of things (IoT) system for monitoring and securing a portable solar power station tailored for alternative energy applications. The system, which can be recharged using photovoltaic energy sources, employs a coulomb counting method to accurately estimate the battery's state of charge (SoC) and prevent overcharging and overdischarging. The portable power supply provides stable direct current (DC) outputs (5 V, 12 V, 24 V) and an alternating current (AC) output for various remote area applications, including telecommunications and household use. A dual-relay mechanism is used for battery protection: one relay disconnects charging at 100% SoC and reactivates at 70%, while the other disconnects the load at 20% SoC to avoid deep discharge. IoT connectivity enables real-time monitoring and remote control via smartphone. This development promotes efficient energy management, battery longevity, and improved access to sustainable electricity in underserved regions.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 120-131
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Experimental validation of a trajectory tracking controller for a two-wheeled mobile robot

10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp33-42
Boualem Kazed , Abderrezak Guessoum
One of the most important and challenging problems of any kind of autonomous mobile robot is the ability to accurately control its onboard actuators, enabling it to fulfill a specified task. In the case of a two-wheeled mobile robot, this can only be achieved through a pair of adequate steering control signals. The main goal of this paper is to design a nonlinear multivariable controller allowing a self-made mobile robot prototype to track a prescribed trajectory. The basic principle of this control approach uses the Lyapunov theory as a primary tool to derive two steering control laws, making a three-state error vector converge to zero. Tuning the proposed controller parameters is carried out using an equivalent dynamic simulated model. This controller is then applied to generate the resulting command signals to the actual robot. This is achieved through a real-time high-speed serial communication between a stationary personal computer (PC), on which a MATLAB/Simulink version of this controller is performing, and an onboard Microchip 16 bits dsPIC33FJ64MC802 microcontroller running a firmware that takes care of all the data exchange with the connected PC and a set of two proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers ensuring that the rotational speeds of the robot wheels are kept very close to those required by the main controller, running on this PC. The performance of the proposed controller is evaluated using two different shaped trajectories. These tests show that the robot is able to gradually follow the required path with minimal lateral error. The robustness of this controller is demonstrated through its capability to reject external disturbances triggered during these experimental tests.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 33-42
Publish at: 2026-03-01

An improved black-winged kite algorithm optimized back-propagation neural network for biceps curl classification

10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp247-256
Chunqing Liu , Kim Geok Soh , Hazizi Abu Saad , Haohao Ma
Accurately identifying and classifying biceps curl types is of vital importance for sports training and upper limb joint rehabilitation training. It can improve the effect and reduce the risk of injury caused by incorrect training. In this study, a dataset of biceps curl training was obtained by measuring wearable sensors. After data preprocessing, 340 samples of 35-dimensional feature data were obtained. The classification labels of the dataset were marked as 1-5 according to the five types of biceps curl. This study proposed a black-winged kite algorithm (IBKA) that uses the good point set (GPS) method and the adaptive spiral search rule, a multi-strategy. IBKA optimized the initial weights, biases, and hidden layer numbers and provided them to the back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to establish the IBKA-BPNN model. The constructed IBKA-BPNN model improved the classification accuracy of the training set from 79.83% to 94.54%, and the accuracy of the test set from 69.61% to 88.33%. The IBKA-BPNN model proposed in this study provides a reliable decision-making basis for real-time coaching, athlete performance analysis, and upper limb rehabilitation. Future work will expand the dataset, integrate more bio signals, and explore lightweight deployment on wearable hardware.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 247-256
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Development of autonomous quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle using APM 2.8 flight controller

10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp63-70
Mohd Yusuf Amran , Mohd Ariffanan Mohd Basri , Aminurrashid Noordin
This paper presents the development of a quadcopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using the APM 2.8 flight controller as the core of its navigation and control system. The project aims to design, assemble, and evaluate a stable and cost-effective quadcopter platform suitable for basic autonomous flight tasks such as waypoint navigation and altitude hold. The system incorporates essential components, including brushless DC motors, ESCs, a GPS module, a telemetry radio, and a power distribution system, integrated with the APM 2.8 running on the ArduPilot firmware. Waypoints are planned via Mission Planner software, with a flight control system embedded in the firmware. Real-world flight tests were conducted to evaluate the UAV’s performance in executing autonomously predefined survey grid and zigzag waypoints trajectories over open terrain. The root mean square error (RMSE) was calculated to assess the performance of waypoint tracking accuracy. The results show that the quadcopter UAV achieved an RMSE of 1.78 meters during zigzag waypoint tracking and 1.56 meters during survey grid, demonstrating reliable flight control performance offered by the APM 2.8 for basic autonomous mission tasks. This work highlights the feasibility of using APM 2.8 for cost-effective UAV development in research, education, and prototyping purposes.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 63-70
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Multi-modal transformer and convolutional attention architectures for melanoma detection in dermoscopic images

10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp136-148
Guidoum Amina , Maamar Bougherara , Amara Rafik
The deadliest type of skin cancer, melanoma, requires early and accurate detection for a successful course of treatment. Traditional diagnostic techniques, which rely on visual inspection and dermoscopy, are frequently arbitrary and prone to human error. Automated melanoma detection exemplifies the integration of multimedia, a truly interdisciplinary field that melds visual data processing, human-computer interaction, and digital technologies. This study presents a multi-modal architecture: a multi-modal transformer network (MMTN) and a convolutional attention mechanism multi-modal (CAMM) that combines clinical data and dermoscopy images to enhance melanoma detection. The models achieve higher performance compared to other approaches by utilizing the strengths of architecture based on transformers, an encoder for image processing, dense layers for clinical data also Spatial Attention for the second architecture proposed. We evaluate the models on the entire set of ISIC 2019 data, showing significant improvements in accuracy and AUC. The models achieve high accuracy and AUC using CPU in both architectures. Our findings highlight the potential of a multi-modal learning architecture to enhance clinical decision-making and diagnostic accuracy in dermatology. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation combining MobileNet, transformer encoder attention, and clinical data fusion for the ISIC 2019 dataset, providing a significant advancement in the automated categorization of skin malignancies.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 136-148
Publish at: 2026-03-01

Semantic segmentation for data validation in unmanned robotic vehicles

10.11591/ijra.v15i1.pp71-79
Ivan Sunit Rout , P Pal Pandian , Anil Raj , Anil Melwyn Rego , Sajna Parimita Panigrahi
Semantic segmentation is a vital aspect of computer vision, widely used in fields such as autonomous driving, medical imaging, and industrial automation. Maintaining high-quality datasets is crucial for enhancing model accuracy and minimizing real-world errors. This paper focuses on developing a comprehensive data validation pipeline for semantic segmentation using OpenCV. The proposed framework integrates automated integrity checks, preprocessing techniques, and consistency verification to manage large-scale datasets effectively. Key validation processes include image quality assessment (detection of blurriness and noise), verification of annotation accuracy, class distribution analysis, and identification of anomalies. Additionally, OpenCV-powered preprocessing steps, such as image resizing, normalization, contrast optimization, and data augmentation, are applied to refine dataset quality for segmentation models. This paper also addresses scalability concerns associated with processing extensive datasets, introducing optimized batch handling and parallel validation techniques. By implementing a structured validation workflow, this research enhances the reliability, robustness, and overall effectiveness of semantic segmentation models, ensuring high-quality training data for deep learning applications.
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Page: 71-79
Publish at: 2026-03-01
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